The effects of smoking on temporary threshold shift

1 IntroductionEXPosure to high levels of noise leads to temporary and/or permanent threshold shift(PTS). Both of them are extremely vaxiable between different listeners even the physical padrameters of the noise are the same (Melnick, 1978)[']. Deng6rink at al.[2] denoted that thevaxiability implies that noise may interact with other variables in producing its effects on auditory system. Some of the interactive factors which might influence the noise susceptibility inexposed workers are amb…     

Determination of isospin asymmetry effects on α-decay

In this study,we compared the effect of the isospin asymmetry of proton and neutron density distributions in the neutron skin-type(NST) case and in the Hartree-Fock formalism(HF) on the half-life of alpha emitters with the atomic number in the range of 82≤Z≤92.The NST case and HF formalism based on the Skyrme-SLy4 effective interaction reveal different isospin asymmetries for selected alpha emitters.Furthermore,the obtained results reveal an increase in the α-decay widths of about 30% for the NST case in comparison with the equivalent values obtained by HF formalism.The standard deviations for calculated half-lives within the NST case and HF formalism are about 0.438 and 0.391,respectively.     

The effects of doubly excited states on ionization balance

The effects of highly doubly excited states on ionization balance are investigated. In the calculation, A Collisional-Radiative model in Detailed-Conflguration-Accounting （DCA） is applied to population calculations for NLTE pl＆smas. Configuration-averaged rate coefficients that needed in the rate equations are obtained based onthe first order perturbation theory. The Hatree-Fock-Slater self-consistent-field method is used to calculate theelectron wave functions. The mean ionization stage of high-Z plasma Lu is presented. The comparison shows thatthe mean ionization stage increases more than 3 stages when doubly excited states 5l6l＇ and 5l5l＇ are not included in the population calculations.     

Ocean circumstance effects on the sound scattering of thermocline

I.IntroductionTheformationofoccanthermoc1ineistheresultfromasea-atmosphereintcraction,whichdependsonvariousintensitiesanddepthsofthethermocline,andthedynamictransactionofthermoenergybetweenlayers.Thercfore,thetcmporalandspacialchangcofthethcrmoc1inebecomesanimportantparameterforrcsearchonuppcrboundary1ayerofsea.Thetempera-tUre,salinityandprcssurevarywithdcpth,whichhasformedthcvcrticalprofileofsoundvclooityintheuppcrboundarylaycrsofsca.A1ongthcshallowwatcrareaofChina,thereareobvi-ousnon-unifo…     

The effects of doubly excited states on ionization balance

The effects of highly doubly excited states on ionization balance are investigated. In the calculation, A Collisional-Radiative model in Detailed-Configuration-Accounting (DCA) is applied to population calculations for NLTE plasmas. Configuration-averaged rate coefficients that needed in the rate equations are obtained based on the first order perturbation theory. The Hatree-Fock-Slater self-consistent-field method is used to calculate the electron wave functions. The mean ionization stage of high-Z plasma Lu is presented. The comparison shows that the mean ionization stage increases more than 3 stages when doubly excited states 5l6l' and 5l5l' are not included in the population calculations.     

The effects of laser and electric field on sprouting of rice seeds

There is a number of reports on the laser-treatment of rice in these years.But wedidn't see any report about treating rice seeds with laser plus DC electric field.This paper re-ports the initial result of the strengthened seed vitality,having been treated by laser plus elec-tric field.     

Theoretical study of aging effects on LaNi_5 tritium storage

1 Introduction LaNi5 intermetallic compounds, used in storage, separation and purification of hydro- gen and hydrogen isotopes, are known for a high-density storage, easy activation, low pressure, and rapid and reversible absorption and desorption[1-15]. Tritium as an impor- tant material in the nuclear industry is radioactively decaying into 3He with a half-life of 12.3 years. With time, there are many changes in the electronic and physical properties of the tritide for the deposition of 3He…     

A theoretical study of substitution effects on halogen–π interactions

Ab initio calculations are performed to analyse the existence of intermolecular halogen···π interactions in NCX complexes with YC≡CY, where X = Cl, Br and Y = H, CN, F, Cl, OH, NH₂, and CH₃. Molecular geometries and interaction energies of the complexes are investigated at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. Our results indicate that the interaction energies for the NCX···YC≡CY complexes lie in the range between ?0.5 and ?5.9 kcal/mol. The physical nature of the interactions is studied using symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). The stability of the X···π interactions is predicted to be attributable mainly to electrostatic and dispersion effects.     

Survey of experimental results on μCF including hyperfine effects

Complementary to the investigations of the most efficient dt cycle, also the other muon-induced fusion cycles in mixtures of hydrogen isotopes have been studied. The results of these dedicated experiments provide rich information about muon-induced few-body reactions and contribute significantly to a better overall understanding of CF. A summary of the recent progress will be presented. Special emphasis will be put on two characteristic examples, namely a new experimental approach to study the muonic cascade in H-D mixtures and the systematic study of hyperfine effects in muon-induced reactions.     

Inductive and mesomeric effects on the π orbitals of halobenzenes

Ionization potentials for the π bands of a wide range of fluoro-, chloro-, and bromobenzenes have been measured by the technique of photoelectron spectroscopy. An empirical model incorporating inductive and mesomeric terms is discussed and its validity tested with the observed energies. Satisfactory agreement is obtained with dipole moment data. The theory accurately predicts ionization energies only for molecules having no ortho halogen atoms. Deviations from linearity are adequately explained in terms of an ortho effect which is proportional to the number of halogens situated in ortho positions. An analogous effect has previously been observed in the electronic spectra of substituted benzenes. Application of the model to 1a _2u band shifts in the fluorobenzenes leads to the conclusion that the energy of this band in benzene lies in the region of 11·5 eV.     

State of knowledge on biological effects at 40–60 GHz

Millimetre waves correspond to the range of frequencies located between 30 and 300 GHz. Many applications exist and are emerging in this band, including wireless telecommunications, imaging and monitoring systems. In addition, some of these frequencies are used in therapy in Eastern Europe, suggesting that interactions with the human body are possible. This review aims to summarise current knowledge on interactions between millimetre waves and living matter. Several representative examples from the scientific literature are presented. Then, possible mechanisms of interactions between millimetre waves and biological systems are discussed.     

The effects of physical parameters on the gain and efficiency of Cherenkov type FEL

In this paper, the effects of physical parameters on the gain and efficiency of Cherenkov type FEL are studied through simulative compute. The results show that the permittivity ε and periodic length λ_(?) of wiggler magnetic filed are two important parameters which influence the properties of laser. The magnitude ε has effect on the properties of gain, and the choice of wigger λ_(?) can increase gain and efficiency of the laser. The calculation results show that the gain and efficiency of Cherenkov type FEL are considerably higher than those of Compton-Raman type FEL under some conditions with proper parameters.     

Influence of γ-ray-induced effects on dielectric dispersion of CuO-doped calcium fluoroborophosphate glass system

γ-Ray-induced dielectric dispersion in CaF₂–B₂O₃–P₂O₅ glasses doped with different concentrations of CuO was investigated. The glass samples were exposed to γ-rays with dose varying within the range 0–10 kGy. The dielectric dispersion and spectroscopic properties were measured before and after γ-ray treatment. Additionally, thermoluminescence studies were performed on post-irradiated glass samples. The results of dielectric properties and dielectric breakdown strength indicated a substantial increase in the insulating strength of CuO containing glasses due to γ-ray irradiation. The analysis of these results together with UV-vis optical absorption, IR spectra, and thermoluminescence studies have indicated a gradual increase in the concentration of mono-valent copper ions due to γ-ray treatment of the glass network. The additional studies have confirmed that these Cu⁺ ions occupy network-forming positions, increase the polymerization of the borophosphate glass network, and facilitates for the increase of insulating strength of the titled glass.     

Analysis of the influence shifts of the acetylene of various effects on frequency saturated absorption lines

Frequency shifts of the acetylene saturated absorption lines at 1.5μm with temperature, gas pressure and laser power have been investigated in detail. The second-order Doppler effect, the recoil effect, the Zeeman effect, the pressure shift and the power shift are taken into consideration. The magnitudes of those shifts caused by various effects are evaluated. In order to reproduce the stability of 5.7 × 10^-14 obtained by Edwards, all necessary conditions are given. The results show that when there is a larger external magnetic field, the Zeeman shift could not be neglected, so that the shield should be employed. And the design of a long cavity is advantageous to reduce the influence of the second-order Doppler effect. The results also show that at least 4-2.5℃ temperature control for cavity can effectively prevent several effects and improve the frequency stability.     

The effects of Raman self-pumping and fiber loss on the transmission of fiber dark soliton

In this paper,the effects of Raman self-pumping and fiber loss on the transmis-sion of fundamental dark soliton and small-amplitude one are discussed with the perturbationmethod of energy-momentum and inverse scatter theory.It is demonstrated that the amplitudeof fundamental dark soliton will decay exponentially,while that of small amplitude dark soli-ton depends strongly on its propagation direction.     

Nonrelativistic quantum effects of the Lorentz symmetry violation on the Morse potential

We search for Lorentz symmetry violation effects at low-energy regime by exploring the Dirac equation in(1 + 1)-dimensions and the possibility of dealing with quantum systems with spherical symmetry. We bring a discussion about the influence of the Lorentz symmetry violation effects on the spectrum of molecular vibrations caused by the coupling between a fixed vector field and the derivative of the fermionic field. Further, we discuss the influence of this Lorentz symmetry violation background o...     

Annealing effects on residual stress of HfO_2/SiO_2 multilayers

HfO_2/SiO_2 multilayer films were deposited on BK7 glass substrates by electron beam evaporation method. The effects of annealing at the temperature between 200 and 400℃on residual stresses have been studied. It is found that the residual stress of as-deposited HfO_2/SiO_2 multilayers is compressive.It becomes tensile after annealing at 200℃,and then the value of tensile stress increases as annealing temperature increases. And cracks appear in the film because tensile stress is too large when the sample is annealed at 400℃. At the same time,the crystallite size increases and interplanar distance decreases with the increase of annealing temperature.The variation of residual stresses is corresponding with the evolution of structures.     

Impact of propagation effects on intersubband Rabi flopping in semiconductor quantum wells

We investigate intersubband Rabi flopping in modulation-doped semiconductor quantum wells with and without the propagation effects,respectively.It is shown that propagation effects have a larger impact on Rabi flopping than the nonlinearities rooted from electron-electron interactions in multiple quantum wells. By using ultrashortπpulses,an almost complete population inversion exists if the propagation effects are not considered;while no complete population inversion occurs in the presence of propagation effects. Furthermore,the magnitude of the impact of propagation effects may be controlled by varying the carrier density.     

170 keV Proton radiation effects on low-frequency noise of bipolar junction transistors

In this paper, the electrical properties and low-frequency noise for bipolar junction transistors irradiated by 170?keV proton are examined. The result indicates that for the sample under proton irradiation with fluence 1.25?×?10^14?p/cm², base current I_B in low bias range (V_BE < 0.7?V) increases due to superimposition of radiation-induced recombination current, while the gain decreases significantly. Meanwhile, the low-frequency noise increases in the proton-irradiated sample. By analysis of evolution of parameters extracted from low-frequency noise power spectra, it is demonstrated that radiation-induced noise is mainly originated from carrier fluctuation modulated by generation–recombination centers (G–R centers) located at the interface of Si/SiO₂, which are introduced by proton-radiation-induced defects. It is also confirmed that the electrical properties and noise behavior of irradiated sample are mostly affected by the carrier recombination process caused by G–R centers at the interface of Si/SiO₂ than by G–R centers in EB junctions.