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零维碳量子点与二维材料的结合,在光电器件中有着广泛的应用.本文利用稳态荧光光谱和瞬态吸收光谱,研究了碳量子点和二硫化钼之间的能量转移动力学.研究发现碳量子点的瞬态吸收光谱图中存在光诱导吸收和受激发射物理过程,复合体系中涉及到碳量子点的本征荧光发射和缺陷态发射.在碳量子点溶液中加入二硫化钼后,处于最低未占据分子轨道上的碳量子点把能量转移给二硫化钼,使得390 nm处的本征荧光发生淬灭现象.继续增加二硫化钼浓度,发现在490 nm处的缺陷态发生淬灭,而且缺陷态的向上吸收过程也被抑制.结果表明,处于缺陷态上的碳量子点会通过另外一种方式能量转移给二硫化钼.通过改变二硫化钼的浓度,有效地控制了碳量子点与二硫化钼之间的两条能量传递路径,为提高器件的性能奠定了基础. 相似文献
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CdTe/CdS核壳量子点与蛋白质荧光标记 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用连续离子层吸附技术合成了水溶性的CdTe/CdS核壳量子点.通过CdS壳层的包覆,量子点的量子效率由原来的15%(裸核)提高到38%(核壳),这种核壳结构量子点的化学和光学性质具有更好的稳定性,可以用于生物标记.本文采取共价连接与静电吸附两种方法,实现了量子点的生物标记,电泳技术已证明,应用这种量子点成功地实现了对蛋白质分子的生物标记.通过对量子点与蛋白质偶联前后的荧光光谱分析,发现量子点与蛋白质作用后荧光增强是由于蛋白质对量子点进行了表面修饰,从而降低了表面缺陷引起的非辐射跃迁几率所致.通过共价连接量子点的荧光峰位红移,主要是由于偶极-偶极相互作用引起的;量子点与蛋白质静电吸附作用引起的荧光峰位蓝移主要起因于量子点表面电荷量的降低. 相似文献
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报道了一种简易、快速调节量子点荧光波长的方法.以GSH为配体水热法合成了发射波长为540 nm左右的绿色荧光CdTe量子点,通过(NH4)2MoS4在加热和常温条件下引导CdTe量子点进行自组装.加热条件下,15 min内可以使发射波长迅速的红移100 nm以上.常温条件下,在48 h内可以缓慢的引导CdTe量子点进行自组装,发射波长缓慢红移70 nm以上.利用对比实验验证了(NH4)2MoS4中的MoS42-对引导CdTe量子点自组装具有特异性,并且构建了一个合理的自组装体的结构单元模型.在细胞成像领域,该自组装体具有潜在的应用前景. 相似文献
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唐世华 《影像科学与光化学》2000,18(4):323-328
本文利用分光光度法,测定了pH值为80~130时,Cu2+与明胶的络合比.结果发现,随溶液pH值的增大,其络合比增加.这是因为在该pH值范围内,明胶发生去质子化作用而带负电,提供了更多的NH2—和COO-.通过络合物的荧光光谱表明,由于Cu2+与明胶分子的强烈络合作用,使得Cu2+成为明胶有效的荧光猝灭剂. 相似文献
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聚合物氮化碳(C3N4)因具有可见光响应特性、良好的化学稳定性、无毒性等优点而成为一类极具吸引力的光催化剂.遗憾的是,由于本征库仑相互作用,C3N4中的光生电子和空穴通常以激子的形式存在,导致迁移到表面的光生电子和空穴数量减少,从而降低了光催化活性,因此人们做了大量的研究工作来促进激子解离成自由电子和空穴.D-A体系可以诱导内部电场的产生,从而促进激子解离成自由电子和空穴,因此,构建供体-受体(D-A)体系是一种有效地促进激子解离的方法.然后在内电场作用下,自由电子和空穴也能够更加容易地转移到共聚物表面,从而发生相应的光催化还原和氧化反应.本文选择了2-氨基-4,6-二氯嘧啶(C4H3Cl2N3)作为单体,与三聚氰胺共聚形成分子内共聚物(CNClx)来构建D-A体系.由于分子结构相似,C4H3Cl2N3与C3N3(NH2)3分子具有良好的化学相容性.在共聚过程中,C4H3Cl2N3在219~222℃升华,三聚氰胺在300℃升华,在温度继续升高到550oC的过程中,气相混合物充分混合并发生共聚反应.在共聚过程中,如果C4H3Cl2N3分子与C3N3(NH2)3反应,那么三聚氰胺沿着这个方向的聚合将终止,因此吸电子-Cl基团将全部位于共聚分子的末端.相较于体相C3N4,CNClx样品活性均有所提高,且随着-Cl基团数量的增加,CNClx样品活性先提高后降低,其中CNCl0.15样品活性最高.CNCl0.15在可见光下的析氢速率是体相C3N4的15.3倍,在420 nm处的表观量子效率为13.6%.对RhB,MO和苯酚的降解速率分别为体相C3N4的5.82,7.93和9.53倍.构建分子内D-A体系以后,C3N4活性提高主要是因为随着末端-Cl基团的增加,材料的吸光能力和激子解离效率提高.而且-Cl基团也可以充当电子的俘获位点,浓度进一步升高会降低电荷转移的效率使活性降低.EIS的奈奎斯特图和i-t曲线结果表明,CNCl0.15的电弧半径最小,光电流最大,说明其具有最低的电阻和最高的载流子传输效率.紫外光电子能谱测试结果表明,CNClx功函数值较小,电子更容易在内部电场的作用下移动到表面,而过量的-Cl基团增加了CNCl0.2的功函数值,导致CNCl0.2样品的光催化活性降低. 相似文献
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利用重氮基的光分解活性、采用自组装的方法将带有功能基团NH2 的4-(4-氨基苯乙炔基)苯共价键接在石英基片上制备了共轭单分子膜; 利用膜上NH2 的反应活性, 通过酰胺化反应或自组装的方式将稠环芘修饰在单分子膜上,构筑了含有芘荧光探针的稳定发光超薄膜; 该薄膜能够与电子受体硝基苯胺间因相互作用形成电荷转移络合物而使其荧光猝灭, 并且该薄膜对硝基苯胺同分异构体的荧光猝灭响应有明显的差异, 其中对硝基苯胺对功能薄膜的猝灭效应最为明显, 其次是邻硝基苯胺和间硝基苯胺; 且具有明显的浓度依赖性. 相似文献
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层状二硫化钼由于具有独特的物理化学特性, 在电化学制氢领域受到广泛关注. 二硫化钼的氢惰性表面导致其在酸性和碱性电解液中的析氢活性都比铂差. 将单原子锚定在二硫化钼中能够有效活化惰性的基面,促使其成为先进的析氢电催化剂. 本文从单原子掺杂的二硫化钼的结构出发, 探讨了单原子在提升活性方面的具体机制, 总结了关于单原子掺杂的二硫化钼的制备方法、 表征手段和最新的研究进展, 以及单原子掺杂所产生的缺陷对于活性提升的重要作用. 最后, 基于单原子掺杂二硫化钼在析氢反应中的最新进展, 总结了该领域中相关催化剂的设计思想和主要挑战. 相似文献
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Reactions in droplets in microfluidic channels 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Fundamental and applied research in chemistry and biology benefits from opportunities provided by droplet-based microfluidic systems. These systems enable the miniaturization of reactions by compartmentalizing reactions in droplets of femoliter to microliter volumes. Compartmentalization in droplets provides rapid mixing of reagents, control of the timing of reactions on timescales from milliseconds to months, control of interfacial properties, and the ability to synthesize and transport solid reagents and products. Droplet-based microfluidics can help to enhance and accelerate chemical and biochemical screening, protein crystallization, enzymatic kinetics, and assays. Moreover, the control provided by droplets in microfluidic devices can lead to new scientific methods and insights. 相似文献
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The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (Asi). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of Asi, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of Asi. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of Asi metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of Asi uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems. 相似文献
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Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain. 相似文献
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G. den Boef 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1981,305(2):127-129
Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.
Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung
Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.相似文献
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Ke Min Wojciech Jakubowski Krzysztof Matyjaszewski 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2006,27(8):594-598
Summary: The recently developed initiation system, activators generated by electron transfer (AGET), is used in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in the presence of a limited amount of air. Ascorbic acid and tin(II ) 2‐ethylhexanoate are used as reducing agents in miniemulsion and bulk, respectively. An excess of reducing agent consumes the oxygen present in the system and, therefore, provides a deoxygenated environment for ATRP. ATRP of butyl acrylate is successfully carried out in miniemulsion and in the presence of air. During polymerization the radical concentration remains constant. The polymerization reaches over 60% monomer conversion after 6 h, which results in polymers with a predetermined molecular weight = 14 000 g · mol−1 and a low polydispersity ( = 1.23). AGET ATRP of styrene is also successful in bulk in the presence of air, as evidenced by linear semi‐logarithmic kinetics, which leads to polystyrene with an of 13 400 g · mol−1 and a low polydispersity index ( = 1.14).