模板法合成纳米结构材料

模板法（包括硬模板和软模板法）是制备纳米结构材料的常用方法,可用来制备多种物质的各种形状（如：球形粒子、一维纳米棒、纳米线、纳米管以及二维有序阵列等）的纳米结构,近年来关于这一领域的研究较为活跃。本文介绍了近年来利用氧化铝、二氧化硅、碳纳米管、表面活性剂、聚合物、生物分子等作模板制备多种物质的纳米结构材料的一些进展。     

聚合物纳米杂化材料的控制合成、自组装及功能化

聚合物纳米杂化材料的制备及功能化是当前国际前沿研究课题之一.特殊结构的聚合物可以通过分子间特殊相互作用,在纳米尺度上自发地组装成具有特殊结构和形态的集合体,这类材料在新材料、电子以及生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用前景.本文介绍国内外,特别是厦门大学在双亲性分子及嵌段共聚物的模板自组装、基于POSS单体纳米构筑单元以及POSS嵌段聚合物自组装的有机/无机纳米杂化材料、模板控制导电高分子材料纳米形态构筑等领域材料的可控合成和组装,与此同时对相关材料的性能及功能化应用进行了简要的讨论.     

高分子模板法合成特殊形态的氧化锌纳米结构材料

利用超分子模板法的形态花样复制制备具有复杂形态的无机超细材料已引起越来越多人的兴趣[1,2].模板与无机物之间的协同作用可制得有内部通道的新型中空分子筛[3,4],但无机材料合成在纳米尺度及亚微米尺度上的形态花样仍落后于生物矿化.生物矿化的独特之处在于可以通过自组合的有机集体或超分子模板通过材料复制而转变为有序的无机结构(如骨,壳,齿),这一合成原理也引导了我们利用高分子模板合成具有复杂形态的无机材料. 作者利用不同分子量的非离子型聚合物PEG作为大分子表面活性剂,在特定的胶束浓度范围和介质体系中形成超分子模板,以之作为"微反应器”并利用PEG与无机物之间的协同作用,控制模板水核中的水解反应;在特定的试剂浓度与比例、温度等条件下,除制备了具有球形、针/棒状纳米氧化锌粒子外,还制得了均匀分散的六角形、片状、螺旋棒状的氧化锌纳米、亚微米材料.     

金纳米颗粒制备及应用研究进展

金纳米颗粒是近年研究的一种热门材料。介绍了金纳米颗粒主要的制备方法,包括化学还原法,两相法,晶种生长法以及模板法,并总结了金纳米粒子在生物医学、传感器、催化剂、电化学等领域的应用进展。     

模板法合成核壳功能材料

模板法制备核壳功能材料是材料科学研究领域的一大热点引起了广泛的关注.本文结合本课题组在有机-无机核壳复合纳米粒子(空心球)领域的研究,较系统地评述了目前国内外利用模板法制备核壳粒子的研究进展,并概述了核壳纳米粒子(空心球)的发展前景和应用领域.     

超级电容器炭电极材料的研究

炭电极材料是超级电容器的核心,该领域的研究近年来相当活跃,活性炭粉、活性炭纤维、碳凝胶、碳纳米管、玻态炭、模板炭、碳化物衍生炭、石墨烯等各种多孔炭材料用作超级电容器电极材料的研究都有报道.本文概述了我们近年来在超级电容器炭电极材料方面的研究工作,主要介绍了强碱化学活化制备活性炭电极材料、纳米CaCO3模板法制备介孔炭电...     

基于微流控技术制备微/纳米粒子材料

具有特殊性质的微/纳米粒子,在药物传递、吸收分离、光电材料和磁性设备等多个领域具有重要的应用价值。近年来,微流控技术在有机合成、高分子化学以及材料制备等领域表现出传统釜式反应器无法比拟的优势。本文介绍了基于微流控技术制备微/纳米粒子的最新研究进展,包括以单乳液为模板合成球形和非球形聚合物粒子、无机物粒子、贵金属纳米粒子和半导体纳米粒子,以多重乳状液为模板制备壳核粒子、Janus粒子和微囊。     

浸蚀多孔金属铝模板制备超亲水/超疏水镍阵列材料

本文论述了用一种新型的金属铝隧道孔模板制备较大面积的纳/微分级结构阵列材料。结合化学镀法在该高纯铝隧道孔模板中制备了具有微纳米阵列结构的金属镍薄膜。研究发现,制备的镍阵列薄膜材料表面呈现超亲水性,以低表面能氟硅烷修饰后,该表面变为超疏水性。     

导电聚合物的纳米结构及其在生物医学领域的应用

由于表面效应、小尺寸效应和量子效应,使纳米结构的导电聚合物材料与传统聚合物材料相比,显示出更优越的性能。基于神经组织对电场和电刺激敏感性,使得导电聚合物纳米材料在生物医学应用方面很有前景。本文综述了纳米结构的导电聚合物的合成方法,及其在生物医学领域的应用。合成方法主要关注于硬模板法、软模板法和无模板自组装法,以及这些方法中导电聚合物纳米结构的形成机理。总结了具有纳米结构的导电聚合物,如纳米颗粒、纳米纤维和纳米管等作为神经电极涂层材料和生物传感器等方面的应用。     

根霉菌为模板矿化合成纳米结构SiO2材料的研究

在人工培养条件下,以真核生物细胞根霉菌为模板,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为硅源进行了生物矿化实验,并采用TEM、SEM、FTIR、EDX、TGA等手段对实验结果进行了表征。结果表明,TEOS/培养基浓度为80mg/L时,矿化合成了一种厚度为5nm的管状SiO2纳米结构材料。本实验为利用生物细胞模板合成介观尺寸有序的SiO2纳米结构材料提供了技术基础。     

木质素先进材料的研究进展

综述了木质素改善合成高分子材料的性能和制备光电材料、阻燃材料、电磁屏蔽材料等方面的研究进展。加强木质素结构和性能的基础研究,解决木质素反应活性偏低以及与基体相容性差的问题,将木质素的耐辐射、可生物降解、阻燃、电磁屏蔽等特异性能引入到传统合成高分子材料中,制备性能优异、功能多样的先进高分子材料,是木质素高值化利用的一个重要方向。     

基于环糊精的新材料的研究进展

从纳米粒子、水凝胶、纤维材料和环糊精高分子等方面介绍了近年来以环糊精为基础研制的新材料的研究进展。目前以环糊精为基础的纳米粒子材料有核壳结构的纳米粒子、环糊精的化学接枝与共聚、环糊精与无机非金属材料的复合和含环糊精的囊泡材料;以环糊精为基础的凝胶材料有水凝胶和有机凝胶两种材料;此外还有以环糊精为基础的纤维材料、环糊精高...     

土遗址保护材料综述

基于对土遗址保护材料选择的基本原则和现今国内外土遗址保护材料的研究将其分为无机材料、有机材料和有机/无机杂化材料三大类并对一些常用的土遗址保护材料及其加固保护机理进行了介绍。     

Design Strategies of Si/C Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Silicon-based materials that have higher theoretical specific capacity than other conventional anodes, such as carbon materials, Li₂TiO₃ materials and Sn-based materials, become a hot topic in research of lithium-ion battery (LIB). However, the low conductivity and large volume expansion of silicon-based materials hinders the commercialization of silicon-based materials. Until recent years, these issues are alleviated by the combination of carbon-based materials. In this review, the preparation of Si/C materials by different synthetic methods in the past decade is reviewed along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. In addition, Si/C materials formed by silicon and different carbon-based materials is summarized, where the influences of carbons on the electrochemical performance of silicon are emphasized. Lastly, future research direction in the material design and optimization of Si/C materials is proposed to fill the current gap in the development of efficient Si/C anode for LIBs.     

Functional Liquid‐Crystalline Assemblies: Self‐Organized Soft Materials

In the 21st century, soft materials will become more important as functional materials because of their dynamic nature. Although soft materials are not as highly durable as hard materials, such as metals, ceramics, and engineering plastics, they can respond well to stimuli and the environment. The introduction of order into soft materials induces new dynamic functions. Liquid crystals are ordered soft materials consisting of self‐organized molecules and can potentially be used as new functional materials for electron, ion, or molecular transporting, sensory, catalytic, optical, and bio‐active materials. For this functionalization, unconventional materials design is required. Herein, we describe new approaches to the functionalization of liquid crystals and show how the design of liquid crystals formed by supramolecular assembly and nano‐segregation leads to the formation of a variety of new self‐organized functional materials.     

Enhancing the flame-retardant performance of wood-based materials using carbon-based materials

We sought to improve the flame-retardant performance of wood-based materials through the development of a coating material using carbon-based materials. The coating materials were applied to the surfaces of wood-based materials used for interior materials and furniture. We measured fire characteristics of the coated wood-based materials using a cone calorimeter. The coating materials were prepared by the mixing of carbon materials, such as natural graphite, expandable graphite, and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, in water-based coating materials. TG analysis revealed that water-based coating materials/carbon material-blended composites had good thermal durability in the working temperature ranges. The flame-retardant performance was confirmed through cone calorimeter experiments, and the result of the experiment satisfied the standard for flame-retardant performance in ISO 5600-1.     

引导性组织再生材料的研究进展

牙周病是人类最常见的口腔疾病之一,是成年人失牙的最主要原因。近年来,随着引导性组织再生(guided tissue regeneration,GTR)技术的建立和发展,GTR材料为治疗牙周病提供了一种有效的手段,同时也成为生物医用材料领域的研究热点。文章针对近些年来GTR材料的发展情况,综述了目前GTR材料的主要种类,阐述了GTR材料的作用原理,并根据植入性组织工程材料的要求,针对目前GTR材料存在的缺点提出了相应的改进方法,展望了GTR材料的发展趋势。     

钙钛矿材料光催化还原CO2综述

利用半导体材料光催化还原CO2合成可燃物是目前解决能源危机和缓解温室效应的理想途径.本文对几种钙钛矿型材料,包括纯无机卤化物钙钛矿材料、金属有机钙钛矿材料、氧化物型钙钛矿材料和复合型钙钛矿材料在光催化还原CO2领域的应用进行了简单的归纳与总结.     

Removal of Organic Pollutants from Water Using Superwetting Materials

The frequent occurrence of water pollution accidents and the leakage of organic pollutants have caused severe environmental and ecological crisis. It is thus highly imperative to find efficient materials to solve the problem. Inspired by the lotus leaf, superwetting materials are receiving increasing attention in the field of removal of organic pollutants from water. Various superwetting materials have been successfully generated and integrated into devices for removal of organic pollutants from water. On the basis of our previous work in the field, we summarized in this account the progress of removal of (1) floating and underwater insoluble, (2) emulsified insoluble, and (3) both insoluble and soluble organic pollutants from water using superwetting materials including superhydrophobic & superoleophilic materials, superhydrophilic & underwater superoleophobic materials, and materials with controllable wettability. The superwetting materials are in the forms of 2D porous materials, 3D porous materials and particles, etc. Finally, the current state and future challenges in this field are discussed. We hope this account could shed light on the design of novel superwetting materials for efficient removal of organic pollutants from water.     

Thermally Responsive Materials for Bioimaging

The last decade has witnessed multiple thermally responsive materials emerge as a significant class of stimuli‐responsive materials. These materials are elaborately designed and exert interesting properties. Herein, an overview of thermally responsive materials with respect to design strategies, fabrication procedures, and their applications is presented. Recently reported thermally responsive materials are highlighted. Then, applications of thermally responsive materials in bioimaging are summarized.