基于磁滞效应的YBCO块材磁刚度测试方法

处于外磁场中的高温超导块材具有自稳定性。这种特性使得高温超导块材在磁悬浮轴承、飞轮储能、磁悬浮列车等方面,具有潜在的应用价值。非理想高温超导体具有很强的磁通钉扎特性,表现出很强的磁滞性。处于悬浮状态的高稳超导体,其稳定特性与其悬浮刚度密不可分。文中首先描述了高温超导块材磁悬浮测试系统磁刚度测试原理。此刚度测试方法充分考虑了非理想高温超导块材磁滞效应对磁刚度的影响。基于这种测试方法,研究了YBCO块材在永磁轨道上方悬浮力刚度的特性。通过与传统刚度测试方法比较,这种方法更能反应高温超导磁悬浮车实际磁刚度特性。     

预载过程对YBCO块材磁体弛豫特性的影响

通过预先磁化的方法可将高温超导块材制备成块材磁体,以有效提升悬浮系统的整体工作性能.未经磁化的高温超导块材处于悬浮状态时,其内部超导电流会随时间增长出现衰退,即存在弛豫现象.预载过程是一种抑制高温超导块材内部电流弛豫的有效方法,可以保证悬浮系统工作特性的稳定.然而,当高温超导块材经历磁化后,其内部已存在磁化超导电流,该磁化超导电流与悬浮过程中产生的超导电流相互叠加,产生独特的电流分布特性及弛豫特性.本论文主要探讨预载过程对高温超导块材磁体弛豫特性的影响,通过实验测试和对比分析,揭示不同磁化状态下弛豫过程的特点,从而为高温超导块材磁体在悬浮系统中的实际工程化应用提供有效的参考依据.     

永磁轨道上方高温超导块材各向异性对悬浮力弛豫特性的影响

采用顶部熔融织构生长法制备的高温超导块材YBCO通常有5个生长区域．通过捕获磁通实验研究,人们发现高温超导块材内部生长区域及边界的捕获磁通能力不同,存在明显的各向异性．面向高温超导磁悬浮应用,本文比较研究了3块不同的高温超导块材YBCO组合在永磁轨道上方悬浮力弛豫特性．实验结果表明,无论场冷还是零场冷情况,块材籽晶生长...     

航天发射超导磁浮平台设计的初步实验研究

鉴于未来航天发射安全、可靠、低成本的要求,国外先后提出了不同磁悬浮系统助推发射运载器的概念及方案.我们基于初步拟定的高温超导磁悬浮发射系统方案,展开了相应的研究和探索.本文从磁浮系统悬浮力和稳定性综合考虑出发,建立配套高温超导实验测试系统,研究和比较了NdFeB永磁轨道构型和高温超导块材组合对磁浮系统性能的影响,并进行了定性的分析,其结果对小型缩比磁悬浮发射试验平台的构造具有极其重要的现实意义.     

垂向磁场变化量对高温超导块材悬浮力特性的影响

高温超导体因其无源自稳定的特性,受到许多学者的重视,具有广阔的应用前景.目前针对高温超导块材悬浮性能的研究主要集中于由永磁体产生的低磁场环境.本文基于超导磁体平台提供的强磁场环境,通过改变高温超导块材不同的场冷高度,实验研究了高温超导块材悬浮力与垂向磁场变化量的关系.研究结果表明随着垂向磁场变化量的增加,高温超导块材的悬浮力增长趋缓,并最终出现悬浮力饱和的现象.本文还对比了YBCO 和Gd-BCO 两种不同材料超导块材的悬浮性能,结果发现GdBCO 的悬浮力在强磁场环境中表现出更大的潜力.这为高温超导磁浮在强磁场中的应用奠定了基础,通过更加合理地调节磁场的分布,可以更好地发挥高温超导块材的悬浮性能潜力     

时变外磁场中高温超导块材导向力性能的数值模拟

基于Bean临界态模型,针对目前的高温超导磁悬浮车系统,提出了一种模拟计算方法,该方法可计算在时变外磁场中块材导向力的衰减变化情况。通过对时变外磁场中块材温度、俘获磁通以及导向力等参数变化情况的实验结果和计算结果的对比,证实了该模拟计算方法的有效性。该模拟计算方法可用于定性研究高温超导块材的导向力性能在时变外磁场作用下的变化情况,为高温超导磁悬浮车的研究和工程实践提供了较为重要的科学依据。     

交流磁场对车载高温超导块材导向力性能影响的数值模拟（英文）

高温超导块材在工程上有巨大的应用潜力,尤其是在高温超导磁悬浮列车系统应用方面.在磁悬浮列车系统中,沿NdFeB轨道横向的导向力是一个重要的参数.然而,由于NdFeB轨道表面磁场的不均匀性,车载高温超导块材始终处于交流磁场环境中.以前的实验研究表明,由于交流磁场的影响,车载高温超导块材的导向力会发生衰减.在工程实际应用中,如果导向力衰减加剧,则有可能影响整个磁悬浮列车系统的侧向稳定性.本文主要通过数值模拟的方法研究交流磁场对车载高温超导块材导向力性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着交流磁场幅值的增大,导向力的衰减也逐渐增加.当外加交流磁场的幅值较大时,导向力会在短时间内迅速的衰减.当外加交流磁场幅值较小时,导向力的衰减几乎与交流磁场的频率无关;当外加交流磁场幅值较大时,导向力的衰减会随着交流磁场频率的升高而增加.因此,在高温超导磁悬浮列车系统中,可以减少轨道表面磁场的不均匀性,即减少块材周围交流磁场的幅值,从而抑制导向力的衰减.     

航天发射超导磁浮平台设计的初步实验研究

鉴于未来航天发射安全、可靠、低成本的要求，国外先后提出了不同磁悬浮系统助推发射运载器的概念及方案．我们基于初步拟定的高温超导磁悬浮发射系统方案，展开了相应的研究和探索．本文从磁浮系统悬浮力和稳定性综合考虑出发，建立配套高温超导实验测试系统，研究和比较了NdFeB永磁轨道构型和高温超导块材组合对磁浮系统性能的影响，并进行了定性的分析，其结果对小型缩比磁悬浮发射试验平台的构造具有极其重要的现实意义．     

一种混合高温超导磁体及其电磁特性研究

近年来,高温超导磁体由于载流能力高、磁场强等优点在磁悬浮列车、医疗成像、飞轮储能器等系统具有广阔的应用前景.在这些应用中,工作面上磁场越强,系统的性能越优.高温超导块材能够俘获强磁场,但因为尺寸的限制,其磁场发散区域小,在大气隙条件下工作面区域磁场弱.相比而言,高温超导线圈的尺寸不受限制,但其磁场会随着口径的增大而降低.因此,本文将高温超导线圈和块材结合,提出了一种结构紧凑、口径大、磁场强的混合高温超导磁体.同时,利用有限元仿真软件建立混合高温超导磁体的二维轴对称自洽模型并进行了实验验证,仿真计算了混合高温超导磁体的磁场分布以及不同温度下的临界电流和最大磁场强度.结果表明,混合高温超导磁体可显著增加工作面的磁场,相比于独立的高温超导线圈和高温超导块材最大磁场分别最小提升了102%和12%.另外,混合高温超导磁体工作面上的有效磁通相比于高温超导块材也提高了.     

基于ANSYS的高温超导混合磁轴承悬浮力分析

基于商用电磁场有限元软件ANSYS以及Bean临界态模型,对由圆柱形高温超导块材、永磁体和超导线圈组成的新型高温超导混合磁轴承的电磁场分布及悬浮力进行了仿真分析,研究了超导线圈对高温超导混合磁轴承悬浮力的影响,同时还通过实验测试了悬浮力。结果表明:仿真与实验具有较好的一致性,使用软件仿真方便可行,其结果较为准确可靠,可为高温超导混合磁轴承的设计和优化提供理论依据。     

Levitation performance of the magnetized bulk high-Tc superconducting magnet with different trapped fields

To a high-T_c superconducting (HTS) maglev system which needs large levitation force density, the magnetized bulk high-T_c superconductor (HTSC) magnet is a good candidate because it can supply additional repulsive or attractive force above a permanent magnet guideway (PMG). Because the induced supercurrent within a magnetized bulk HTSC is the key parameter for the levitation performance, and it is sensitive to the magnetizing process and field, so the magnetized bulk HTSC magnets with different magnetizing processes had various levitation performances, not only the force magnitude, but also its force relaxation characteristics. Furthermore, the distribution and configuration of the induced supercurrent are also important factor to decide the levitation performance, especially the force relaxation characteristics. This article experimentally investigates the influences of different magnetizing processes and trapped fields on the levitation performance of a magnetized bulk HTSC magnet with smaller size than the magnetic inter-pole distance of PMG, and the obtained results are qualitatively analyzed by the Critical State Model. The test results and analyses of this article are useful for the suitable choice and optimal design of magnetized bulk HTSC magnets.     

Conceptual design of a novel insertion device using bulk superconducting magnet

An undulator or a wiggler with a strong magnetic field will play an important role in future synchrotron light sources, free electron lasers, and linear colliders. We proposed the bulk high critical temperature superconductor staggered array undulator (Bulk HTSC SAU) in order to generate a strong periodic field. The Bulk HTSC SAU consists of stacked bulk high-Tc superconductors (HTSs) and a solenoid magnet which is used to magnetize the bulk HTSs. A periodic magnetic field was produced and controlled using a prototype of the Bulk HTSC SAU using 11 pairs of REBaCuO bulk HTSs at 77 K. The expected performance at low temperatures around 20 K is calculated using a loop current model.     

Influence of maglev force relaxation on the forces of bulk HTSC subjected to different lateral displacements above the NdFeB guideway

This paper studied the influence of maglev force relaxation on the force (both levitation and guidance forces) of bulk high-temperature superconductor (HTSC) subjected to different lateral displacements above a NdFeB guideway. Firstly, the maglev forces relaxation property of bulk HTSC above the permanent-magnet guideway (PMG) was studied experimentally, then the levitation and guidance forces were measured by SCML-2 measurement system synchronously at different lateral displacements, some times later(after relaxation), the forces were measured again as the same way. Compared to the two measured results, it was found that the change of the levitation force was larger compared to the case without relaxation, while the change of the guidance force was smaller. In addition, the rate of change of levitation force and guidance force was different for different maximum lateral displacements. This work provided a scientific analysis for the practical application of the bulk HTS.     

Investigation of the compositional changes of a Y-Ba-Cu-O HTSC target under ion sputtering

An Auger electron spectroscopy study is reported of the elemental depth profile of Y-Ba-Cu-O HTSC targets subjected to ion-plasma sputtering in a magnetron deposition system and ion-beam sputtering in the Auger spectrometer chamber. It has been established that the process consists in all cases of predominant copper sputtering accompanied by the formation of a modified surface layer and of a copper-depleted region. This region is assumed to originate from intense copper diffusion from the bulk to the modified surface layer driven by a concentration gradient.     

Universal Texturing Layer for High-Current HTSC Tapes

The inclined substrate deposition method is used to grow MgO layers applicable to set textures incorporated in high-temperature superconductor (HTSCs) tapes with high critical current density. The method makes it possible to obtain polycrystalline sublayers with pronounced textures independently of the substrate crystal structure. Simultaneously, MgO has good adhesion to substrates made of a wide spectrum of materials. This makes the method a universal means for growing texturing buffer layers incorporated in high-current HTSC tapes.     

Effect of the Rate of the Rise in Current on Transient Processes in a Superconducting Fault Current Limiter

The effect of the rate of the rise in the current to 1700 A/ms on the characteristics of a transition of units of superconducting (HTSC) modules from a superconducting to normal state has been experimentally studied. The units differed by the critical current of the HTSC tape and design. The units of HTSC modules are used as a part of the resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) for ac and dc grids. The obtained dependences should be taken into account when designing a resistive SFCL.     

Magnetic Acceleration of the Levitating Sabot Made of Type-II Superconductors

Creation of a delivery system based on noncontact positioning and transport of the cryogenic fuel targets represents one of the major tasks in a general program of inertial fusion energy (IFE) research. The purpose is to maintain the fuel layer quality during acceleration and injection of IFE targets at the focus of a powerful laser facility or IFE reactor. The program of the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI) includes much development work on creation of different designs of the hybrid accelerators for IFE target transport with levitation. One of the main directions is an electromagnetic accelerator (EM-AC) + PMG system, where PMG is the permanent magnet guideway. The operational principle is based on quantum levitation of type-II high-temperature superconductors (HTSC) in the magnetic field. At the current stage, conceptual development of “EM-AC + PMG” hybrid accelerator is complete, and proof-of-principle experiments in mutually normal magnetic fields are made. This accelerator is a combination of the acceleration system (field coils generating the traveling magnetic waves) and the levitation system (PMG including a magnetic rail or magnetic track). The results obtained show that the HTSCs can be successfully used to maintain friction-free motion of HTSC sabots over the PMG, and also provide the required stability of the levitation height over the whole acceleration length due to the pinning effect. Additionally, using the driving body from MgB₂ superconducting coils as a sabot component (critical current 5,000 A at magnetic induction 0.25 T) allows one to reach injection velocities of 200 m/s under 400 g at 5 m acceleration length.     

Reciprocity theorem in high-temperature superconductors

This article is devoted to the problem of the validity of the reciprocity theorem in high-temperature superconductors (HTSC). The violation of the reciprocity theorem in zero external magnetic fields has been studied. Experimental data obtained for two different superconducting materials BiSrCaCuO and YBaCuO are presented. Results show that the basic form of the reciprocity theorem (without consideration of any additional anisotropy) is not valid near the critical temperature. We assume that the breakdown of the reciprocity theorem is connected with the existence of an extraordinary transverse electric field originating from additional anisotropy and that a more general form of the reciprocity relations should be valid. However, the origin of this anisotropy is not clear yet. We suggest that the vortex–antivortex dynamics model taking into account vortex guiding can be responsible for the observed effect. Also the explanation based on weak P and T symmetry breaking in HTSC, which is supported by the observation of the spontaneous magnetisation, cannot be excluded.