声控发光驻波实验仪 简介

正一、组成和构造如图所示,实验仪由支架、驻波管、声控发光阵列、扬声器、标尺、电源、低频信号发生器、万用电表、声压探头组成。二、实验原理本实验仪器是通过声控发光单元组成的阵列演示声音驻波现象,并通过驻波的长度和频率来测定声速(v=f·λ)。每一个声控发光单元,都由麦克风、放大电路和发光二极管组成。当管端扬声器工作时,调节信号源的频率,可使管內产生稳定的驻波,管内声强随驻波的规律强弱变化。通过內置麦克风采集声音信号来控制对应位置的发光单元,从而使发光二极管发光亮度随驻波规律变化。     

带热丝的孔脱管演示实验的改进

本支介绍了用带热丝的孔脱管演示气柱中纵驻波的两种实验装置.第一种是美国现在使用的装置;第二种是作者改进的装置.改进后的装置有以下优点: 1.把振源由空气号筒改为电动扬声器,这样一来,就可以在固定管长的条件下,通过调节振源频率的办法,使气柱和振源发生共振,从而能够在管中形成各种不同波长的驻波(而不是一种波长的驻波);而所使用的实验设备更轻便、容易得到. 2.增加了演示反射端为开口的新内容. 3.改善了消音装置──把整个共振系统装在一个消音箱内,使看演示的人不觉得声音太刺耳.一、美国。物理学演示手册》中介绍的实验装置 如图一…     

便携式纵驻波演示仪的制作

介绍一种利用电磁感应原理得到可调的谐振信号,驱动扬声器产生稳定的谐振动,使振动在特制的弹簧中形成驻波,研制出了便于教师携带的、适合学生们自制、可在普通课堂上演示的纵驻波实验仪器.     

声速测量及声波干涉演示仪器的研制

本介绍了声波干涉、反射的两种物理演示仪器的研制,一种是通过调节波导管中液面的高度形成驻波,实现对声速的测量;另一种是由一个信号发生器驱动两个扬声器,这两个相干的声源在自由空间中形成强弱变化的声波干涉。本分别介绍了这两种装置的原理、制作及使用效果。     

锥形渐变截面驻波管及其极高纯净驻波场的实验研究

锥形渐变截面驻波管是用锥形管代替突变截面驻波管突变截面部分的驻波管.为对比研究锥形渐变截面驻波管与突变截面驻波管的声学及其极高纯净驻波场性质,首先借助传递矩阵,对锥形渐变截面驻波管的声学性质进行了实验研究.研究表明,与突变截面驻波管一样,锥形渐变截面驻波管也属于失谐驻波管.利用其失谐性,在一阶共振频率激励下,锥形渐变截面驻波管获得了181 dB的极高纯净驻波场.在对锥形渐变截面驻波管和等长的突变截面驻波管的驻波饱和性质进行对比实验研究后发现,在一阶共振频率下,锥形渐变截面驻波管不仅能很好地抑制管内驻波场高次谐波的增长,而且能有效地降低管内驻波场的能量损耗,在相同扬声器激励电压下获得声压级更高的大振幅纯净驻波场.实验研究还发现,在三阶共振频率激励下,锥形渐变截面驻波管的大振幅驻波场三次谐波频率接近声压级传递函数谷值对应的声源端七阶阻抗共振频率,三次谐波随基波快速增长并表现出趋于二次谐波的饱和性质.     

光的偏振演示仪的制作

针对现行教材的内容制作了光的偏振演示仪.该演示仪既可以真实的演示光的偏振现象,又可以通过在形成驻波的弦上放置狭缝,模拟演示光的偏振现象,且驻波的振动频率连续可调.     

圆环驻波实验的深入解析

利用扬声器演示圆环驻波,为使其在有限的空间内形成较多的驻波节点,选取吉他弦作为驻波的载体。对驻波的实验现象深入细致观察,考虑驻波在反射时的能量损失以及半波损失,并结合微积分的知识对驻波的产生条件进行了推导分析,理论结果能够很好地解释所产生的物理实验现象。     

昆特管实验原理分析

根据声学原理对昆特管演示实验进行分析,给出了对实验现象细节的一种物理解释,即在昆特管中除主驻波模式之外还激励起了最低一级高次驻波模式振动,昆特管内的声波场实际上是主驻波模式和最低一级高次驻波模式叠加形成的声波场.     

水面波驻波演示仪

自制水面波驻波演示仪.在透明的长方体水槽一端安装搅水振子,通过控制电源电压调节振子的振动频率,可以演示频率为2~5Hz的水面波驻波.实验中水面波的频率与振子的振动频率相同,在水槽中形成稳定的驻波后,测量波节间的距离,计算后得到波长以及水面波的传播速度.     

声驻波演示仪

以ICL8038和TDA7294为核心,设计声驻波演示仪的音频信号源与功率放大的驱动电路,用扬声器对驻波管内的雾滴产生区域性声压.在不同声压下,管内雾滴呈现不同程度的凝并现象,在重力作用下发生不同程度的沉降,从而直观地演示出驻波的波形特征.配以不同材质的活塞式反射界面,可演示声波在界面反射时的半波损失.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.