儿童神经过敏与血清中6种无机元素含量相关性研究

测定了1261名儿童(其中包括73名神经过敏儿童)血清中Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn和Pb的含量。研究发现,神经过敏患儿血清Zn含量(0.95±0.20μg/mL)显著低于对照组儿童(0.97±0.23μg/mL),P<0.05;Mn含量(0.03±0.01μg/mL)非常显著低于对照组儿童(0.04±0.02μg/mL),P<0.01。     

儿童易疲劳与血清中微量元素含量的相关性研究

测定了1562名儿童(其中包括153名易疲劳儿童)血清中Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn和Pb的含量。研究发现,易疲劳儿血清Ca含量(84.4±12.5μg/mL)显著低于对照组儿童(88.5 4±13.4μg/mL),P<0.05;Fe含量(1.094±0.22μg/mL)显著高于对照组儿童(1.07 4±0.22μg/mL),P<0.05;Mn含量(0.040 4±0.035μg/mL)非常显著高于对照组儿童(0.035 4±0.013μg/mL),P<0.001。     

苏州市儿童血清中微量元素含量分析

为了解苏州市儿童血清中微量元素的含量,用OlympusAu 40 0 (日本)全自动生化分析仪检测了苏州大学附属儿童医院儿保门诊3 5 0例体检儿童血清中的微量元素含量。结果表明,本地区儿童血清中Ca、P、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn含量依次为:(2 .3 4±0 . 1 4)mmol/L、(1 .5 8±0 . 2 3 )mmol/L、(0 .89±0 . 1 1 )mmol/L、(2 4. 62±5 .0 5 ) μmol/L、(1 5 . 0 2±5. 63 ) μmol/L、(2 0 . 86±5 . 74) μmol/L。男、女儿童间Ca、P、Mg、Cu、Fe、Zn含量差异无显著性(P值均>0 . 1 0 ) ;在不同年龄组间,Mg、Zn含量差异无显著性(P值均>0 . 1 0 ) ,Ca、P、Cu、Fe含量差异显著(P值均<0 .0 1 ) ;Fe含量随年龄的增长而逐步增加,Ca含量随年龄的增长而逐步降低。     

1051例儿童头发中微量元素的研究和相关性分析

为探讨儿童头发中 6种元素之间的相关性关系 ,应用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP -AES)测定了 6种元素的含量 ,并用SAS或SPSS软件 ,经计算机处理。结果表明 ,1 0 5 1例儿童头发中Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn和Pb含量分别为 (91 96± 2 0 0 5 )× 1 0 -6,(3 1 3 6± 5 5 2 )× 1 0 -6,(1 1 78± 2 69)× 1 0 -6,(677 3 8± 1 0 8 94)× 1 0 -6,(2 73± 1 0 4)× 1 0 -6和 (1 1 0 1± 3 62 )× 1 0 -6。儿童头发中 ,Zn与Pb含量呈非常显著负相关 ,P <0 0 1 ;Cu与Mn和Pb呈非常显著正相关 ,P <0 0 1 ;Ca与Pb呈非常显著正相关 (P =0 0 0 1 ) ;Mn与Pb呈非常显著正相关 ,P <0 0 1。     

糖尿病人头发中的铬、锰、铁与铜含量水平

采用催化极谱方法分析了 98例 (糖尿病人 47例 ,对照组健康人 5 1例 )头发样品中的微量元素铬 (Cr)、锰 (Mn)、铁 (Fe)、铜 (Cu)、锌 (Zn)、硒 (Se)和宏量元素钙 (Ca)、镁 (Mg)含量水平。结果显示 ,糖尿病人头发样品中的Cr( 0 99± 0 75 )× 1 0 - 6 、Mn( 1 3 0± 0 90 )× 1 0 - 6 和Cu( 8 5 0± 1 40 )× 1 0 - 6 分别显著低于对照组头发样品中的Cr( 1 5 5± 0 97)× 1 0 - 6 、Mn( 2 3 0± 1 60 )×1 0 - 6 和Cu( 1 0 40± 2 90 )× 1 0 - 6 ,Cr、Mn、Cu的显著性水平分别为P =0 0 0 1 ,P <0 0 0 1和P <0 0 0 1。而糖尿病人头发样品中的Fe( 1 9 0 0± 9 0 0 )× 1 0 - 6 ,则显著高于对照组头发样品中的Fe( 1 6 0 0± 8 0 0 )× 1 0 - 6 ,其显著性水平P为 0 0 2 3。但糖尿病人与健康人头发样品中的Zn、Se、Ca和Mg含量水平之间的差别并不显著。这些结果与其他一些研究所得的结论基本一致。     

中药驱铅对儿童血微量元素影响的研究

为探讨中药驱铅对儿童血Pb及微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mn水平的影响 ,检测了 68例儿童铅中毒患儿服用中药驱铅前后的血Pb及微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mn水平。结果显示 ,服药后患儿的血Pb明显低于服药前 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1 ) ;血Zn水平明显高于服药前 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;铅中毒程度越轻 ,驱铅效果越明显 (P <0 0 1 ) ;血微量元素Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn水平无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。提示中药对儿童早期铅中毒的驱铅效果好 ,不存在微量元素失衡     

父母职业对幼儿头发中微量元素水平的影响

测定了深圳市父母不同职业的 894名 1～ 7岁幼儿头发中的Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca、Mn、Pb的含量。结果表明 ,父母为干部与父母为工人的幼儿头发中的Fe有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5) ,其含量分别为 (2 9 2± 4 9)× 10 -6和 (30 0± 5 6 )× 10 -6;父母为干部与父母为工人的幼儿头发中的Mn有非常显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1) ,其含量分别为 (1 7± 0 7)× 10 -6和 (1 9± 1 0 )× 10 -6;父母为干部与父母为工人的幼儿头发中的Pb有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5) ,其含量分别为 (12 3±7 6 )× 10 -6和 (13 2± 7 5)× 10 -6。本文还列出了幼儿头发中元素的含量比较图。     

1007例2～4个月婴儿头发微量元素测定和相关性分析

为探讨 2～ 4个月婴儿头发微量元素的含量和相关性 ,用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法测定了广州市 1 0 0 7例 2～ 4个月健康婴儿的头发中Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn、Pb 6种元素的含量 ,并用SPSS统计软件包进行了数据处理和相关性分析。结果表明 ,2～ 4个月男女婴儿微量元素以低Zn最为明显 ,分别是 3 3 8%和 3 5 4% ,无性别的差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;其次是低Cu、Ca、Mn,存在性别的差异 (P <0 0 5 ) ;高Pb分别是 3 5 7%和 2 4 6% ,有性别的差异 ,男婴高Pb比女婴严重(P <0 0 5 )。Fe与Zn、Cu与Ca、Mn与Zn有正相关性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;Pb与其它微量元素含量不存在相关性 (P >0 0 5 )。提示 :广州市 2～ 4个月婴儿存在不同程度的微量元素缺乏 ,母婴均应注意均衡饮食 ,避免铅暴露     

微波消解ICP-AES法同时测定蒙药新-Ⅱ中多种微量元素及Ca/Mg,Cu/Zn比值的分析

采用微波消解ICP—AES法同时测定蒙药新-Ⅱ中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Ni、Mn、Cu、Pb等15种微量元素,并对蒙药新-Ⅱ中Ca／Mg,Cu／Zn比值进行了初步的分析。结果表明,蒙药新-Ⅱ中含有多种微量元素,其中人体有益的微量元素Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Ni、Zn、Mn的量相对高,即Ca〉Mg〉Fe〉Mn〉Zn〉Ni〉Cu,而人体有害微量元素Cd、Pb、Ag的量相对较低,Ca／Mg和Cu／Zn比值分别为4．1760、0．6077。加标回收率在97．5％～105．5％之间,相对标准偏差RSD≤2．7％,检出限≤0．008μg／mL。     

1000例幼儿头发中微量元素含量分析

测定了 1 0 0 0例儿童头发中 6种元素含量。结果表明 ,本组儿童头发中的Zn为 ( 82 1 4±1 9 1 0 )× 1 0 - 6 ,Ca为 ( 5 1 1 5 5± 93 5 5 )× 1 0 - 6 ,Mn为 ( 1 80± 0 86)× 1 0 - 6 ,均低于国内报道的正常儿童发中元素含量低限值 (Zn 87 75× 1 0 - 6 ,Ca 61 3 2 5× 1 0 - 6 ,Mn 2 1 4× 1 0 - 6 )。本组儿童发Pb平均值为 ( 1 2 81± 7 43 )× 1 0 - 6 ,显著高于国内报道的正常儿童发Pb高限值 ( 1 0 43× 1 0 - 6 )。     

Phosphorimetric determination of procaine,phenobarbital, cocaine,and chlorpromazine in blood serum,and cocaine and atropine in urine

A new sensitive and rapid method is proposed for the determination of procaine, cocaine, phenobarbital and chlorpromazine in blood serum, and cocaine and atropine in urine. The drug is extracted from the biological fluid using chloroform or ether, the solvent is evaporated and the resulting residue is dissolved in EPA; the EPA solution is measured phosphorimetrically. Recoveries of 100 ± 6% and relative standard deviations of 2–5% are obtained for most drugs.     

Determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb in Milk, Cheese and Chocolate

 Combined analytical procedures consisting of wet digestion step followed by instrumental determination – differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPCSV) or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) – as well as a direct analysis method – slurry sampling ETAAS – for the determination of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb in milk, cheese and chocolate are described and compared. Wet digestion using a mixture of HNO₃-HClO₄-H₂O₂ is proposed for complete matrix decomposition prior to trace analyte determinati on by DPCSV or ETAAS. A mixture of HNO₃-H₂O₂ is used for slurry preparation. Optimal instrumental parameters for trace analyte measurements are presented. The reliability of the procedures has been verified by analyzing standard reference materials. Results obtained are in good agreement with the certified values and the relative standard deviations (for these results) are in the range 5–10% for wet digestion DPCSV or ETAAS and 3–9% for slurry sampling ETAAS in the range of 2 μgċg⁻¹ (Cd) to 12 μgċg⁻¹ (Fe). Received August 24, 1999. Revision January 20, 2000.     

Photodegradation assessment of amisulpride,doxepin, haloperidol,risperidone, venlafaxine,and zopiclone in bulk drug and in the presence of excipients

Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly - Photostability of amisulpride, doxepin, haloperidol, risperidone, venlafaxine, and zopiclone in APIs and powdered tablets during exposure to UVA...     

Catalysis in the Synthesis of S,N-Heterocycles and O,N-, S,N-, and O,S,N-Macroheterocycles

The review systemizes and generalizes published data on the catalytic syntheses of six-, seven-, and eight-membered S,N-heterocycles and O,N-, S,N-, and O,S,N-macroheterocycles.     

Use,analysis, and regulation of pesticides in natural extracts,essential oils,concretes, and absolutes

Natural extracts used by the fragrance and cosmetics industries, namely essential oils, concretes, resinoids, and absolutes, are produced from natural raw materials. These are often cultivated by use of monoculture techniques that involve the use of different classes of xenobiotica, including pesticides. Because of these pesticides’ potential effect on public health and the environment, laws regarding permitted residual levels of pesticides used in cultivation of raw materials for fragrance and cosmetic products are expected to become stricter. The purpose of this review is to present and classify pesticides commonly used in the cultivation of these natural raw materials. We will summarize the most recent regulations, and discuss publications on detection of pesticides via chemical analysis of raw natural extracts. Advances in analytical chemistry for identification and quantification of pesticides will be presented, including both sample preparation and modern separation and detection techniques, and examples of the identification and quantification of individual pesticides present in natural extracts, for example essential oils, will be provided.

Free energy, energy, and entropy of swelling in Cs-, Na-, and Sr-montmorillonite clays

A Monte Carlo method for grand canonical and grand isoshear ensemble simulations has been used to characterize the free energy, energy, and entropy of clay mineral swelling. The Monte Carlo approach was found to be more efficient at simulating water content fluctuations in the highly constrained clay environment than a previously developed molecular dynamics method. Swelling thermodynamics calculated for Cs-, Na-, and Sr-montmorillonite clays indicate a strong dependence of swelling on the interlayer ion identity, in agreement with various experimental measurements. The Sr clay swells most readily, and both the Na and Sr clays prefer expanded states (two-layer hydrate or greater) when in contact with bulk water. In contrast, swelling is inhibited in the Cs clay. Differences in swelling behavior are traced directly to the tendency of the different ions to hydrate. The swelling free energies are decomposed into their energetic and entropic components, revealing an overall energetic driving force for the swelling phenomena. Entropic effects provide a smaller, mediating role in the swelling processes. The results provide a unique molecular perspective on experimentally well-characterized swelling phenomena.     

Simultaneous activation determinatio of aluminium,magnesium, and silicon in rocks,glasses, and pottery

A method for simultaneous neutron activation determination of Al, Mg and Si using two irradiations in a nuclear reactor—the first one with epithermal and the second one with pile neutrons is proposed. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of standard reference materials—rocks, glass, as well as of archaeological finds from medieval glass and sgraffito ceramics.     

Interaction of benzene,L-histidine and L-proline with urea,N,N-dimethylpropyleneurea,and N,N-dimethylformamide in water

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - The paper focuses on the interaction of two heterocyclic amino acids and hydrophobic benzene with urea, dimethylformamide, and dimethylpropyleneurea in water...     

Simultaneous HPLC determination of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in food, drinks, and herbal products

A rapid and selective high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is developed for the separation and determination of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline. The chromatography is performed on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 column (4.6 x 150 mm i.d., 5-microm particle size) at 25 degrees C, with a mobile phase of water-THF (0.1% THF in water, pH 8)-acetonitrile (90:10, v/v). The flow rate is 0.8 mL/min, and detection is by UV at 273 nm. This method permits the simultaneous determination of caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline in food, drinks, and herbal products with detection limits of 0.07-0.2 mg/L and recoveries of 100.20-100.42%. Correlation coefficients, for the calibration curves in the linear range of 0.2-100 mg/L, are greater than 0.9999 for all compounds. The within- and between-day precision is determined for both retention times and peak area. The data suggests that the proposed HPLC method can be used for routine quality control of food, drinks, and herbal products.     

Conformations of polysaccharides in solution,gels, and crystals

Solution-gel-crystal phase transitions in a polysaccharide-water-salt system were examined. Polysaccharide helices were shown to exhibit identical conformation in solutions, gels, and crystals containing up to 50 % of water.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khitnicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1543–1546, June, 1996.