基于LS-PSO的北斗伪距单点定位算法

北斗伪距单点定位具有易于实现、不存在整周模糊度、速度快等特点,具有很大的研究和应用价值;传统最小二乘法由于引入了线性误差、对初始值依赖性强而导致定位精度低;为了提高北斗伪距单点定位的精度,通过分析最小二乘法和粒子群算法的优缺点,提出了一种LS-PSO组合算法;首先利用最小二乘法定位计算接收机的大约位置,作为粒子群算法解的基准值并建立解的搜索空间,然后利用粒子群算法得到全局最优值,解算出精度更高的结果;经过实验验证,LS-PSO组合算法可以稳定的解算出m级精度的定位结果,并且三维方向偏差都在大约5 m以内;最后通过与遗传算法的收敛情况和最小二乘法的定位精度进行对比,证明LS-PSO组合算法可以快速的收敛到最优解并且有效的提高了北斗伪距单点定位精度。     

无线传感中的WPSO-DVHOP算法在节点定位中的研究

节点的定位一直都是无线传感网中的重要研究对象,针对使用传统算法定位节点容易出现估算不准确,定位精度低,算法自身局部收敛速度快等缺点,提出一种基于权值粒子群优化(WPSO)算法,首先分析了采用锚节点估算未知节点的距离与真实距离误差,采用最小二乘法的距离修正值策略,其次针对粒子群算法的收敛速度不足,提出了采用权值来调节粒子的速度,改进后的算法对节点定位误差进行修正。在仿真平台Matlab上的实验说明WPSO算法相对于基本的定位算法,粒子群定位算法相比提高了传感器节点定位精度,从算法的收敛性,节点定位的精度以及能量消耗等方面说明该算法具有一定的有效性,如何能够更好进行权值的设置使之能够更加有效提高算法的效率是下一步研究的重点。     

基于角度信息的递推最小二乘无源定位算法

针对机载单站无源定位的定位精度和实时性等问题,提出了一种基于角度信息的递推最小二乘(RLS)无源定位算法;首先建立了机载单站三维无源定位模型,求出最小二乘(LS)解;然后依据机载单站无源定位的实时性要求将最小二乘估计转化为递推最小二乘估计的形式;最后通过不同的仿真实验研究了影响定位精度和收敛速度的因素;仿真结果表明:RLS算法与LS算法在定位精度和收敛速度方面性能相似,但RLS算法运算复杂度低,所需存储空间小,能够实时的对目标进行定位,满足机载单站无源定位的需求。     

无人机侦察多目标实时定位技术研究

目标定位是无人机侦察系统中至关重要一步。为增强无人机侦察目标定位的实时性、提高定位精度及侦察效率,提出一种多目标实时定位的方法,建立主次目标定位几何关系及坐标转换模型,结合已知数据信息求取各目标大地坐标,并用蒙特卡洛法分析目标定位误差。最后,基于即将组网成功"北斗二代"卫星导航系统对无人机空中定位,同时采用递归最小二乘算法滤波处理,提高了目标定位精度。研究及实验结果表明,北斗导航定位能够有效提高无人机空中定位精度,且有望达到厘米级精度,同时采用RLS滤波处理能使目标定位精度提高10 m左右。该方法能够有效增强无人机定位实时性,提高定位精度及侦察效率。     

基于群波时差信息的地下震动目标定位方法

针对现代战争技术中地下炸点三维定位难,精度低的问题,本文提出了一种改进粒子群算法,并利用其解决群波时差地下震动目标定位的问题。该算法克服了粒子群算法本身种群数量和和质量的选择、后期容易陷入局部最优的问题。通过结合直达P波优势频率的相位差特点,利用群波时差测量信息进行定位计算,以提高定位结果的精确度。目标定位的测试结果表明,新算法在20m*20m的区域内,该方法能有效地提高目标定位精度,加入的随机噪声干扰方差的条件下,定位误差不超过10cm,且收敛速度增快,性能稳定。     

捷联惯导/北斗高精度组合导航方法研究

提出采用紧组合方式进行捷联惯导/北斗组合导航设计,首先对捷联惯导与北斗系统进行误差分析与建模,将捷联惯导系统误差、北斗等效时钟误差相应的距离(伪距误差)以及等效时钟频率误差相应的距离率(伪距率误差)作为组合导航系统状态;利用捷联惯导位置输出与北斗接收机星历输出构造获得等效伪距,将其与北斗接收机测量的伪距对应相减作为量测,推导建立对应的量测方程,采用卡尔曼滤波设计捷联惯导/北斗组合导航滤波算法。仿真结果表明,该组合导航方法的速度精度达到±0.05m/s,位置精度达到±3.2m,水平姿态精度达到±0.4′,航向精度达到±1.6′。     

基于相似日的支持向量机短期负荷预测

摘要：为提高电网短期负荷预测的精度,对以往学者基于相似日和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)短期负荷预测方法进行改进,形成一种改进的基于相似日和细菌趋化改进粒子群算法优化最小二乘支持向量机(least squares support vector machine based on improved particle swarm optimization for bacterial chemotaxis, PSOBC-LSSVM)的预测模型。克服了标准粒子群算法容易早熟收敛和陷入局部最优的问题,并充分考虑短期负荷的连续性与周期性对选取相似日造成的影响,将二者结合到一起综合考虑,利用改进的粒子群得到二者的最佳匹配值,并将其融合到时间距离这一因子当中。算例表明该方法预测精度较更高,可行且有效。     

基于蝙蝠优化算法的无线传感器网络节点定位研究

节点定位是无线传感器网络应用中的关键技术,Dv-Hop算法的定位精度不尽人意,因此将三方面改进的蝙蝠算法应用于Dv-Hop平均跳距的计算过程中,在Dv-Hop的第三阶段引入改进后的蝙蝠算法代替最小二乘法来计算未知节点的坐标,大大降低平均跳距导致的定位误差,提高定位精度;仿真结果表明,改进的BA算法优化的DV-hop定位算法在不同锚节点密度、不同通信半径、不同节点数量以及定位精确度等方面表现出良好的性能。     

基于粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机在混合气体定量分析中的应用

针对混合气体建模过程中最小二乘支持向量机参数难以确定及红外光谱数据计算量过大的问题,提出一种粒子群优化的最小二乘支持向量机方法,用于建立基于主成分分析特征提取的红外光谱多组分气体定量分析模型。首先对主吸收峰区域的550个红外光谱数据利用主成分分析技术进行了特征提取,将降维得到的7个特征值作为模型的输入变量从而有效地降低了计算量。混合气体主要由浓度范围分别是0.1%～1%的甲烷、乙烷及0.1%～1.5%的丙烷三种组分气体组成。采用最小二乘支持向量机技术分别建立了各组分气体的定量分析模型,利用粒子群优化算法对最小二乘支持向量机算法中的参数进行了优化选取,取代了传统的遍历优化方法,然后利用取得的最优参数重建定量分析模型。实验结果表明,采用此方法离线建模所用时间比采用遍历优化方法节省40倍以上,预测结果误差水平相当,满足实测要求。粒子群优化算法在全局优化及收敛速度方面具有较大优势。粒子群优化算法与最小二乘支持向量机技术相结合用于混合气体定量分析是切实可行的,具有一定的实际意义和应用价值。     

基于惯性信息辅助的北斗动动定位方法的研究

针对北斗动动定位中接收机信号易受遮挡导致无法实时准确定位的问题,对复杂信号条件下的动动定位测试进行了研究,提出了一种利用惯性信息辅助解算动态模糊度的方法,即一种将运动载体的惯导信息与北斗测量信息相结合,实现两运动载体之间精确动态相对定位的算法。通立基于载波相位双差的观测模型,采取融合滤波算法,讨论在在不同卫星数目下的模糊度求解方法。在此基础上,利用实地车载试验完成了对上述组合定位方法的试验验证以及精度测试,事后着重对各历元数据进行解算,对定位精度、可用性进行了研究。结果表明,基于惯性信息辅助的北斗动动定位可用性指标变好,定位精度有一定的提高。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.