异丁烯氢甲酰化用负载型PPh3-Rh-Co/SiO2配合物高效催化剂

制备了SiO2担载的Rh-Co双金属配合物催化剂,用FT-IR、TPR和TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征,并用异丁烯氢甲酰化反应考察了催化剂的性能.结果表明,Co和Rh之间存在协同效应,这种协同效应可以促进二者在载体表面的分散;可以促进催化活性物种前驱物数量的增加,从而提高催化剂的催化性能;氢甲酰化反应产物中没有副产物特戊醛的生成;经过研究和优化,高效催化剂在2.5 MPa反应压力下5 b内异戊醛的平均产率可达1257.5 mol/mol-Rh·h.     

Pt/NbPWO双功能催化剂的制备及氢解碱木质素制备芳香单体

木质素是一种天然芳香族聚合物,约占木质纤维素的30%,是唯一通过裂解C―O醚键和C―C键生产芳香族化学品或液体燃料的可再生芳香族资源。迄今为止,对木质素氢解制备有价值化合物的研究主要集中在相对不稳定的C―O键的裂解上,这限制了木质素氢解的效率。采用水热法和湿浸渍法制备了多功能Pt/NbPWO催化剂。通过破坏碱木质素中的C―O键和C―C键,可以得到产率为18.02%的芳香族单体。该反应不仅可以断裂木质素聚合物中醚键,同时也可以断裂部分关键的C―C键。其氢解机理可能是丰富的Brønsted酸和Lewis酸位点参与了C―C的活化。此外,重点分析载体和Pt物种在Pt/NbPWO催化剂中的协同作用。     

Pt/NbPWO双功能催化剂的制备及氢解碱木质素制备芳香单体

Lignin is a natural aromatic polymer that accounts for nearly 30% of lignocellulose and is considered the only renewable aromatic (re)source for producing aromatic chemicals or liquid fuels via the cleavage of C―O ether bonds and C―C bonds. Thus far, the majority of investigations involving the production of valuable compounds via lignin hydrogenolysis have focused on the cleavage of relatively labile C―O bonds only, which restricts the efficiency of hydrogenolysis. Therefore, in this work, a bifunctional Pt/NbPWO catalyst was synthesized using hydrothermal and wet impregnation methods. It was found that aromatic monomers with a yield of 18.02% could be obtained by breaking the C―O and C―C bonds in alkali lignin. This reaction was applicable to breaking the key C―C bonds when the C―O ether bonds were broken in lignin polymers. The hydrogenolysis mechanism most likely involves the abundant Brønsted acid and Lewis acid sites on the catalyst that facilitate C―C bond activation. Additionally, the synergy between the support and Pt species in the Pt/NbPWO catalyst was primarily emphasized.     

MoO3/SiO2催化剂的异丁烷选择氧化反应性能

分别采用浸渍法和溶胶－凝胶法制备了MoO3/SiO2催化剂，用XRD，TPR，IR，TPD和活性评价等手段对催化剂的影响，晶格氧活泼性，化学吸附性能和异丁烷选择氧化反应性能进行了研究。结果表明，催化剂表面由Lewis碱位Mo=M,Mo-O-Mo中的晶格氧和Lewis酸位Mo^6 构成，在MoO3/SiO2催化剂上，异丁烷主要通过甲基的H双位吸附在表面的Lewis碱位Mo=O上；在常压条件下，异丁烷选择氧化产物主要为异丁烷，甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸，其中深度氧化产物CO2主要由吸附的异丁烯继续反应生成；采用溶胶－凝胶法制备的MoO3/SiO2催化剂，可得到较高的异丁烷转化率和含氧有机物选择性。     

Unique selectivity for the dimerization of propene on RhSn/SiO2 catalysts: implications on the mechanism of C---C bond formation and cleavage on bimetallic catalysts

A series of bimetallic catalysts RhSn_x/SiO₂ (x = 0.4, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.4) were synthesized by the reaction of the monometallic catalyst Rh/SiO₂ with Sn(n-butyl)₄ under hydrogen. Various chemical and spectroscopic methods indicated that the metals present were fully reduced, and that tin atoms rest on the surface, very slightly increasing particle size and producing isolated rhodium sites. The catalytic reactions of propylene/hydrogen mixtures in the presence of these bimetallic catalysts are compared with those of the monometallic Rh/SiO₂ catalysts. The mechanistically interesting reactions observed are those of carbon-carbon bond formation and cleavage. For the monometallic catalyst, olefin homologation and hydrogenolysis were observed, reactions which invoked the transfer of C₁ fragments from one olefin to another. For the bimetallic catalysts, a marked increase in the selectivity for C₆ products was observed. The presence of hydrogen is necessary to this reaction but selectivity for C₆ is enhanced when hydrogen is in deficit with respect to propylene. Selectivity for C₆ increases with the surface rhodium to tin, Rh^s/Sn, ratio to a maximum at 0.9. Low temperature favors the formation of C₆ and C₂ products.     

Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂晶格氧的扩散行为

制备了不同组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂, 在ITD(Ion Trap Detector)装置上进行了催化剂表面CO恒温脉冲反应(CO-CTPR). 研究结果表明, 单组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂体相晶格氧向表面扩散的速度顺序为Mn/SiO2>Na/SiO2>W/SiO2; 与CO反应的表面晶格氧数量的顺序为Mn/SiO2>Na/SiO2≈W/SiO2. 多组分Na、 W、 Mn/SiO2催化剂体相晶格氧向表面扩散的速度顺序为Na-W/SiO2>Na-Mn/SiO2>W-Mn/SiO2>Na-W-Mn /SiO2, 且Na与W、 Mn的结合对体相晶格氧向表面的扩散有促进作用; 与CO反应的表面晶格氧数量的顺序为Na-W-Mn/SiO2>Na-Mn/SiO2 >W-Mn/SiO2>Na-W/SiO2.     

负载型ZnO/SiO2及ZnO-SiO2溶胶凝胶催化剂的表面结构研究

催化剂的表面结构不仅影响催化剂的催化活性, 而且还影响反应产物的选择性[1]. 制备催化剂的方法不同, 其表面结构及表面性质也不同[2~4]. 浸渍法简单实用, 有利于得到高分散、晶粒细小的高比表面催化剂, 而溶胶-凝胶法则由于其制备温度较低, 易于形成无定形的或介态的氧化物相[5]而可达到分子级的混合, 其活性组分能有效地嵌入网状结构中, 不易受外界的影响而聚集或长大, 因此对催化剂的稳定性更为有利[6,7].     

Selective Oxidation of CO in Excess H2 over Ru/Al2O3 Catalysts Modified with Metal Oxide

The Ru/Al_2O_3 catalysts modified with metal oxide(K_2O and La_2O_3)were prepared via incipient wetness impregnation method from RuCl_3·nH_2O mixed with nitrate loading on Al_2O3 support. The activity of catalysts was evaluated under simulative conditions for the preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX)from the hydrogen-rich gas streams produced by reforming gas,and the performances of catalysts were investigated by XRD and TPR.The results showed that the activity temperature of the modified catalysts Ru-K_2O/Al_2O3 and Ru-La_2O_3/Al_2O_3 were lowered approximately 30℃compared with pure Ru/Al_2O_3,and the activity temperature range was widened.The conversion of CO on Ru-K_2O/Al_2O_3 and Ru-La_2O_3/Al_2O_3 was above 99% at 140-160℃,suitable to remove CO in a hydrogen-rich gas and the selectivity of Ru-La_2O_3/Al_2O_3 was higher than that of Ru-K_2O/Al_2O_3 in the active temperature range. Slight methanation reaction was detected at 220℃and above.     

Reduction of Azides to Amines with New Metal／Lewis Acid Systems in H2O or Aqueous EtOH

The azides were reduced to the corresponding amines by two new meml/LEwis acid systems in water or in aqueous EtOH in yields ranging from 80%-95%. The reaction rates were faster in water than in aqueous EtOH in most cases. All 16 azides with different functional groups were well reduced to the corresponding amines in excellent yields and reaction rates.     

高选择性苯乙酮加氢Ni-Sn-B/SiO2非晶态催化剂的制备及表征

采用化学还原法制备了一系列三元非晶态Ni-Sn-B／SiO2催化剂,并考察了Sn含量对催化剂的苯乙酮选择加氢制备苯乙醇反应的活性及选择性的影响,同时对Sn改性前后的催化剂进行了系统的表征．XRD结果表明,Sn物种在催化剂表面高度分散,没有改变催化剂的非晶态结构．SEM结果也表明Sn的修饰并不改变非晶态合金的特征形貌．在苯乙酮加氢反应中,当Sn／SiO2=10wt％时,羰基加氢产物苯乙醇的得率可高达97．5％,且苯环加氢产物仅为0．5％,显示了良好的羰基加氢选择性．结合XPS结果,我们将该催化剂优异的催化性能归因于非晶态合金独特的电子结构、活性组分的高度分散及催化剂中Sn氧化物对羰基的选择性活化．     

Direct alkylation of aromatics using alcohols in the presence of NaHSO4/SiO2

Simple and efficient procedure for alkylation of aromatics from alcohols in the presence of NaHSO₄/SiO₂ was developed. Various triaryl methanes were obtained in good yields in short reaction time. For instance the reaction of mesitylene with benzhydrol in the presence of NaHSO₄/SiO₂ gave the corresponding triaryl methane in a quantitative yield. NaHSO₄/SiO₂ was regenerated by simple treatment and could be recycled eight times without activity loss.     

ZrCl4(THF)2/Methylaluminoxane as the Catalyst for the Syndiotactic Polymerization of Styrene

The presence of an organic Lewis base, such as THF, enhances the syndiospecificity of the catalytic system ZrCl₄/methylaluminoxane toward the polymerization of styrene. The polymer has low molecular weight and a microstructure similar to other polystyrenes obtained with zirconium‐based catalysts.     

CO加氢制备碳二含氧化合物Rh-Nd-V/SiO2催化剂配比的优化

采用CO加氢反应、CO吸附和程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)以及程序升温表面反应(TPSR)等方法,考察了助剂Nd和V担载量对Rh-Nd-V/SiO2催化剂上CO加氢合成C2含氧化合物反应性能的影响.研究表明,当助剂Nd和V担载量分别为0.5%和1.0%时,Rh-Nd-V/SiO2催化剂上C2含氧化合物的选择性和时空产率分别达到59.8%和394.5 g/(kg·h).CO吸附和TPD实验表明,随着Nd和V担载量的增加,强吸附的CO数量逐渐增加,而弱吸附的CO数量先缓慢增加后又逐渐降低.TPSR实验表明,助剂Nd的添加抑制了CO的解离和加氢能力,而助剂V的添加提高了CO的解离和加氢能力.结合催化反应评价和表征结果,适量助剂Nd和V的添加提高了未解离的CO比例,使得催化剂上可参与插入反应的CO比例增多,催化剂的活性、C2含氧化合物的选择性和时空收率都有所提高.     

Pd/C催化剂用于CO2电化学还原生成CO:Pd载量的影响

CO₂电化学还原反应可以将CO₂转化为燃料并同时实现再生能源的有效存储. 目前纳米结构的多相催化剂已经广泛应用于此反应,其中碳负载钯纳米粒子（Pd/C）表现出优异的CO₂电化学还原性能. 本工作研究了钯载量对于Pd/C催化剂结构以及其催化CO₂还原生成CO反应活性和选择性的影响. 不同载量的Pd/C催化剂通过液相还原方法制备,钯纳米粒子均匀地分散在碳载体上,载量并没有明显改变对纳米粒子的粒径. 在优选的电解质（0.1 mol·L^-1 KHCO₃）中,CO法拉第效率与载量呈现火山型曲线关系,-0.89 V时载量为20wt%的Pd/C催化剂达到最高的CO法拉第效率(91.2%). 生成CO的几何电流密度随着钯载量的增加而增加,但CO转换频率具有相反的趋势,载量为2.5wt%的Pd/C催化剂具有最高的转换频率. 这种载量对CO₂电化学还原反应活性和选择性的影响主要由活性位的数量、反应动力学、中间物种的稳定性以及反应物、中间物种和产物的传质过程等共同决定.     

丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛MoVTeO/SiO2催化剂结构与性能研究

考察了MoVTeO/SiO₂系列催化剂对丙烷选择氧化制丙烯醛反应的催化性能,结合XRD,Raman和TPD等表征结果研究了催化剂结构、表面性质与催化性能之间的关系.结果表明,以Mo为主要活性组分的催化剂(MoV_0.2Te_0.1/SiO₂)具有较好的催化性能.在V,Te组分存在下,Mo物种的分散度和MoO₃的可还原性能提高.以表面钼酸盐和多钼酸盐类形态存在的高分散Mo物种有助于提高催化活性,而催化剂较弱的表面酸性对丙烯醛的生成有利.     

负载型Pd/TiO2和Pd-Ag/TiO2催化剂的乙炔选择性加氢催化性能

利用程序升温还原(TPR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、CO吸附-红外光谱(CO-IR)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)和微型催化反应评价等手段, 研究了负载Pd/γ-Al2O3, Pd/TiO2和Pd-Ag/TiO2催化剂的结构和乙炔选择性加氢催化性能. 结果表明, Pd/TiO2催化剂具有较Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂更优良的乙炔选择性加氢催化性能, 这与Pd-TiO2之间的强相互作用密切相关. Pd-TiO2之间的强相互作用不仅使负载型钯金属催化剂具有较高的乙炔加氢催化选择性, 而且具有较高的乙炔加氢催化活性. Pd/TiO2催化剂中添加Ag 组分后, Pd金属可促进Ag+的还原并可能形成Pd-Ag合金, 催化剂的乙烯选择性虽有所增加, 但乙炔转化率和乙烯收率下降.     

钾对CuSO4/TiO2脱硝催化剂的失活效应(英文)

为了减少碳排放,在世界各地兴建了越来越多的生物质电厂。钾元素是生物质电厂烟气中的一种典型元素并且可以引起脱硝催化剂的失活。具有优异抗SO₂性能的CuSO₄/TiO₂催化剂被认为是一种有前景的非钒基脱硝催化剂。但是,钾对CuSO₄/TiO₂催化剂的影响仍不清楚。本文研究了钾对CuSO₄/TiO₂催化剂的影响并且与商业V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ (VWTi)催化剂作了比较,采用多种表征方法对催化剂样品进行了表征。钾可以引起CuSO₄/TiO₂和VWTi催化剂的失活,但是CuSO₄/TiO₂催化剂对钾的抵抗能力明显高于商业VWTi催化剂。钾会与CuSO₄/TiO₂催化剂中的CuSO₄发生反应生成CuO和...     

溶剂化金属原子浸渍法制备高分散负载型催化剂——ⅩⅣ.Pd催化剂的表面组成及CO_2甲烷化催化性能

用元素分析、热脱附和H_2还原脱附等方法分析了Pd/γ-Al_2O_3、Pd/MgO、Pd/TiO_2溶剂化金属原子浸渍(SMAI)催化剂的表面组成和孔结构。结果表明Pd颗粒表面覆盖着一些有机碎片,这些碎片主要由C_1和少量C_2,C_3及C_3以上物种组成。SMAI催化剂的比表面积均高于相应纯载体的比表面积。而平均孔径均小于后者,CO_2甲烷化反应中,SMAI催化剂的活性均高于相应的普通浸渍法(CI)催化剂,而活化能却低于后者。在SMAI催化剂上CO_2甲烷化反应机理与Solymosi机理相同。     

Benzazoles. 2. Relative Activity of Catalysts and 4-Substituted Benzoyl Chlorides in the Acylation of Benzothiazolin-2-ones

A series has been established for the relative activity of catalysts and 4-substituted benzoyl chlorides on acylation of benzothiazolin-2-ones with 4-substituted benzoyl chlorides in the presence of FeCl₃, FeCl₃·6H₂O, FeCl₃12H₂O, ZnCl₂, ZnCl₂2H₂O, AlCl₃, and iron acetylacetonate, as a function of the degree of acidity of the catalyst and the electrophilicity of the acylating agent.