Determination of Fe and Zn in agricultural plants with special cultivation by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Fe and Zn were determined in various parts of maize (Zea mays) in dependence on quantity of organic substrate EKOFERT as organic fertilizer in soil, using radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis. The increase of quantity of organic substrate EKOFERT in soil causes a decrease of heavy metal concentrations in certain parts of the plant.     

Determination of Mn,Fe, Cu,Zn, and Pb in particulate matter,raw and final materials of a brick factory by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with a Si/Li semiconductor detector and²³⁸Pn exciting source was used in the study of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb content of solid emissions, raw and final materials of a brick factory. From the point of view of metal content, the working environment of the brick factory is safe for workers.     

Determination of Cu,Ni, Zn and Pb contents in soil near the D-61 Bratislava-Trnava highway by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with Si/Li semiconductor detector and²³⁸Pu exciting source was used for the determination of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil samples from various localities near the D-61 Bratislava-Trnava highway (SFR).     

Determination of Cu,Ni, Zn and Pb contents in Taraxacum officinale near the highway D-61 Bratislava-Trnava (SR) by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence method with Si/Li semiconductor detector and²³⁸Pu exciting source was used for the determination of Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb in plant samples (Taraxacum officinale) from various localities near the highway D-61 Bratislava-Trnava (SR).     

便携式X射线荧光光谱法同时测定氧化锌富集物中锌铁氯镉砷

氧化锌富集物的进口能弥补我国锌矿资源的不足,但要求ZnO>50%、Fe<10%、Cl<8%、Cd<0.25%、As<0.6%。目前常采用YS/T 1171.1～10-2017《再生锌原料化学分析方法》检测氧化锌富集物中锌铁氯镉砷含量,该系列检测方法均需要繁琐的湿法样品前处理,测量过程较为冗长,不能满足氧化锌富集物大量进口时快速通关的需求。故实验建立了采用便携式X射线荧光光谱法(PXRF)同时测定氧化锌富集物中锌铁氯镉砷的方法。采用YS/T 1171.3-2017和YS/T 1171.5-2017方法对氧化锌富集物样品进行定值,然后选取21个含量具有梯度的氧化锌富集物样品作为校准样品,建立起各元素X射线荧光强度值与含量的校准曲线。各曲线相关系数在0.8164～0.9999,方法检出限为0.013%～1.95%,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)均小于0.05%。采用本方法和化学方法分别检测氧化锌富集物样品,各元素的本方法检测值与化学分析方法检测值的相对误差均小于20%。本方法能应用到口岸现场进口氧化锌富集物快速筛查,检测一个样品仅需1分钟测量时间,极大地加快了进口氧化锌富集物通关速度。     

The determination of Fe,Zn and Pb in Zn-Pb ores by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence method for the determination of iron /3.5–26% of Fe/, zinc /0.5–9% of Zn/ and lead /0.05–5% of Pb/in zinc-lead ores containing arsenic has been worked out. In order to eliminate the interelement effect intensity correction equation had been proposed. The relative standard deviation of the determination varies from 3.6 to 9.2% depending on the element.     

Determination of selected elements by radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis after the separation on different kinds of sorption materials

This paper aimed to the evaluation of different kinds of sorbent material preparation and to the evaluation of their characteristics at different pH conditions by X-ray fluorescence analysis. This method is suitable for identification and determination of elements in samples of different character, state and origin because it is a polycomponent, non-destructive, fast and simple analytical method. Moreover, it allows time-advantageous and reliable measurements. This paper studies problems concerning the determination of some selected elements (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb) in pharmaceutical samples of sodium chloride in the solid state as well as in its solution by sorption on chelating extraction membrane 3M Empore™ and on the strongly acidic ion-exchanger Dowex 50Wx8. Conditions for the most effective sorption of determined elements are also interpreted.     

Application of radionuclide sources for excitation in energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis

Summary X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is in broad application in many fields of science where elemental determinations are necessary. Solid and liquid samples are analyzed by this method. Solids are introduced in thin or thick samples as melted glass, pellets, powders or as original specimen. The excitation of X-ray spectra can be performed by specific and polychromic radiation of X-ray tubes, by protons, deuterons, -particles, heavy ions and synchrotron radiation from accelerators and by -particles, X- and -rays and by bremsstrahlung generated by ^–-particles from radionuclide sources. The radionuclides are devided into groups with respect to their decay mode and the energy of the emitted radiation. The broad application of radionuclides in XRF excitation is shown in examples as semi-quantitative analysis of glasses, as quantitative analysis of coarse ceramics and as quantitative determination of heavy elements (mainly actinides) in solutions. The advantages and disadvantages of radionuclide excitation in XRF analysis are discussed.

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Anwendung von Radionuklidquellen zur Anregung in der Energie-dispersiven Röntgenfluorescenz-Analyse

Zusammenfassung Die Röntgenfluorescenzanalyse (RFA) ist auf all denen Gebieten der Wissenschaften verbreitet, in denen die Bestimmung der Elemente notwendig ist. Mit Hilfe dieser Methode können feste und flüssige Proben analysiert werden. Dünne oder dicke, feste Proben werden als geschmolzene Gläser, Tabletten, Pulver oder in Originalform eingesetzt. Die Anregung der Röntgenspektren erfolgt durch die spezifische und kontinuierliche Strahlung von Röntgenröhren, durch Protonen, Deuteronen, -Teilchen, schwere Ionen und Synchrotronstrahlung aus Beschleunigern und durch -Teilchen, Röntgen- und -Strahlung sowie durch von ^–-Teilchen erzeugte Bremsstrahlung von Radionuklidquellen. Die Radionuklide werden auf Grund ihrer Zerfallsart und auf Grund der Energie der emittierten Strahlung geordnet. Die breite Anwendung von Radionukliden für die Anregung bei der RFA wird an Hand von Beispielen wie der semiquantitativen Analyse von Gläsern, der quantitativen Analyse grober Keramik und der quantitativen Bestimmung schwerer Elemente (hauptsächlich der Aktinide) in Lösungen gezeigt. Die Vor- und Nachteile der RFA mit Radionuklidanregung werden diskutiert.

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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. K. H. Lieser on the occasion of his 65th birthday

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The author wishes to thank the Director of the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt, Prof. Dr. K. H. Lieser, for having the possibility to work in the field described in this paper.     

Determination of Sr,Zn, Cu and Fe in Licorice by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

Few persons determine the trace elements in the licorice by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), because there is no standard samples of the licorice. This paper describes the method to determine Sr,Zn,Cu and Fe in licorice using XRF. The samples are ashed and then determined with the powder process. The measured results are corrected by artificial standard samples.     

Determination of trace elements in Syrian medicinal plants and their infusions by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) techniques suited well for a multi-element determination of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr in some Syrian medicinal plant species. The accuracy and the precision of both techniques were verified by analyzing the Standard Reference Materials (SRM) peach-1547 and apple leaves-1515. A good agreement between the measured concentrations of the previously mentioned elements and the certified values were obtained with errors less than 10.7% for TXRF and 15.8% for XRF. The determination of Br was acceptable only by XRF with an error less than 24%. Furthermore, the XRF method showed a very good applicability for the determination of K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, and Br in infusions of different Syrian medicinal plant species, namely anise (Anisum vulgare), licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra), and white wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba).     

Contribution to the radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis of human blood and plasma

A photon-induced X-ray fluorescence method, which allows the simultaneous determination of iron, copper, zinc, bromine and rubidium in human blood and blood plasma samples is described. The method is reliable and has a good sensitivity for a wide range of elements.     

Determination of pollutants in dwellings by neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence

Metallic pollutants were measured in dwellings in Mexico City by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and X-ray fluorescence techniques. Monitoring was performed in the west side of the city and in the winter season. In general the average concentration of contaminants collected, when compared with the average concentrations reported in a previous paper, have increased with time and in the particular case of lead and mercury some samples are above the indicative WHO maximum levels.     

Determination of tungsten in ores by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis

The possible determination of tungsten in low grade ores from Northern India, Rajasthan State has been explored by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis /EDXRF/ technique using radioisotope based excitation of W L X-rays and high resolution Si/Li/ detector system. Finely powdered ore has been diluted with optimal quantity of cellulose and converted into pellets to make it suitable for X-ray analysis after homogenization. The experiments have shown the minimum detectable limit of 33 ppm in diluted matrix. The results are compared with the spectrophotometric stannous chloride-thiocyanate method. EDXRF appears to be encouraging for routine and precise analysis of tungsten in low grade ores.     

Determination of Fe and Zn in biological samples by radiochemical neutron activation analysis

Radiochemical NAA methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of Fe and Zn in biological samples. The method involves reactor irradiation, dissolution in 3M HCl and solvent extraction followed by counting on a scintillation gamma-ray spectrometer. Iron was separated with aqueous cupferron and extracted into chloroform while Zn was extracted with 2-thenoyl trifluoroacetone (TTA) into methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Reaction conditions such as pH and the effect of solvents and various ions were studied using tracer activities. The methods have been employed for trace level determination of Fe and Zn in NBS, SRMs, Bowen's Kale, IAEA CRMs and other plant leaves.     

Determination of chromium/VI/ in welding fumes by radionuclide X-ray fluorescent analysis

From all heavy metals being the most significant particulates of air pollutants at working of high-alloy steels from the toxicological viewpoint, chromium is paid main attention at present in many laboratories. Continuing the work in the field of radionuclide X-ray fluorescent analysis of welding aerosols we have suggested and carried out a method for quick Cr/VI/ determination by means of²⁴¹Am radionuclide excitation of characteristic X-ray fluorescent radiation and Si/Li/ spectrometer.     

Contribution to the sample preparation in the radionuclide X-ray fluorescence analysis of hair

Methods of sample treatment in XRF analysis of hair are studied in view of the effect on analytical results. A new method is proposed based on the incomplete ashing of hair followed by pellet preparation. Its suitability is estimated on the XRF analysis of real hair samples collected from 4 healthy adults.     

Determination of Rb and Sr concentrations in rocks by radioisotope X-ray fluorescence analysis

A method is described for Rb and Sr concentration determinations in rocks by radioisotope X-ray fluorescence analysis. The yield/concentration ratios were established by increasing the concentrations of the examined elements in the sample and recording each spectrum. The analytical error in the 100-1,000 ppm concentration range was 2–4%, and for 50 ppm about 10%, and the detection limit was 5–10 ppm.     

Determination of calcium in uranium by X-ray fluorescence

Summary An X-ray fluorescence method for the analysis of calcium in uranium in the range of 20 to 500 ppm is described. U₃O₈ samples are mixed with boric acid binder and double-layer pellets are prepared. The pellets are analysed using Philips PW 1220 semi-automatic X-ray spectrometer. Calculated lower limits of detection are better than 5 ppm for calcium in uranium.

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Bestimmung von Calcium in Uran durch Röntgenfluorescenz

Zusammenfassung Ein Verfahren für den Bereich von 20–500 ppm wird beschrieben. Die U₃O₈-Proben werden mit BorsÄure als Bindemittel vermischt zu Doppelschicht-Tabletten gepre\t, die mit Hilfe eines halbautomatischen Philips PW 1220 Röntgenspektrometers analysiert werden. Die untere Nachweisgrenze liegt bei 5 ppm Ca.