IgA免疫复合物微粒的共振散射光谱研究及其分析应用

在pH 6.2的Na₂HPO₄-柠檬酸缓冲溶液中及聚乙二醇4 000存在下,免疫球蛋白A(IgA)与羊抗人免疫球蛋白A通过库力引力、范德华力、氢键结合力、疏水等作用力发生特异性结合形成抗原-抗体免疫复合物微粒。激光散射法测得该微粒的平均粒径约为1 100 nm;而且该微粒在340,390,420,450,470,520 nm有6个共振散射峰。考察了pH值、不同分子量聚乙二醇、羊抗人IgA血清用量、温度及反应时间对共振散射光谱测定IgA的影响。在最佳实验条件下,IgA浓度在0.133～4.67 μg·mL-1范围内与340和470 nm处的共振散射强度均呈线性关系,其回归方程分别为ΔI_{340 nm}=18.61 c_IgA+3.19,ΔI_{470 nm}=18.57 c_IgA+6.51,相关系数分别为0.998 5和0.998 7,检出限分别为0.068和0.072 μg·mL-1。该法用于人血清IgA的测定,相对标准偏差在2.2％～4.2％,并与免疫比浊法测定结果作线性回归分析,其斜率、截距和相关系数分别为1.064,-0.213和0.929 9,结果令人满意。     

补体4的免疫共振散射光谱分析

在pH 7.3 Na₂HPO₄-KH₂PO₄缓冲溶液中及聚乙二醇-6000存在下,补体4(C4)与羊抗人补体4(goat anti-human C4)通过库力引力、范德华力、氢键结合力、疏水等作用力发生免疫反应,可聚集形成疏水的免疫复合物微粒,该微粒在350,390,440 nm有3个共振散射峰。激光散射法测得免疫复合物微粒的平均粒径为3 440.0 nm。分别研究了pH、羊抗人补体4和PEG浓度、温育时间和温度、共存物质的影响。在最佳条件下,补体4(C4)浓度在0.18～2.60 μg·mL-1范围内与350,390 nm处的散射强度均呈线性关系,其回归方程、相关系数、检出限分别为ΔI_{350 nm}=28.23c+9.17,ΔI_{390 nm}=31.36c+11.08, 0.993 9,0.992 3, 0.084 μg·mL-1,0.11 μg·mL-1。该法用于分析人血清中补体4(C4),结果与免疫透射比浊法结果一致,相对标准偏差在1.88%～4.36％,具有简便快速、灵敏度高、选择性好等特点,在临床检验上具有一定的应用价值。     

氧化石墨烯修饰腐蚀型长周期光纤光栅的禽流感病毒免疫传感器

提出了一种使用基于氧化石墨烯修饰包层腐蚀型长周期光纤光栅应用于检测禽流感病毒的免疫传感器.氧化石墨烯通过氢键结合在包层腐蚀型长周期光纤光栅表面上,并通过共价键将禽流感病毒单克隆抗体与氧化石墨烯表面的羧基相结合.利用氧化石墨烯上吸附的禽流感病毒单克隆抗体与禽流感病毒抗原的特异性结合引起的长周期光纤光栅谐振波长变化进行检测.结果表明,该氧化石墨烯修饰包层腐蚀型长周期光纤光栅免疫传感器对禽流感病毒的检测极限为40 ng/mL,传感器的解离常数为~1.6×10^-7 mol/L,检测范围为40 ng/mL^200μg/mL.通过对禽流感病毒空白尿囊液、禽流感病毒尿囊液和新城疫病毒尿囊液进行检测,表明免疫传感器具有良好的特异性和临床性.该免疫传感器具有应用于禽流感病毒的快速和早期诊断的可能.     

Preparation and Fluoroimmunoassay Application of New Red-Region Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles

This is the first report on the preparation and utilization of a novel red-region fluorescent dye (tetracarboxy aluminum phthalocyanine) doped silica nanoparticles. In these nanoparticles, the tetracarboxy aluminum phthalocyanine molecules were covalently bound to silica matrix to protect the dye leaking from nanoparticles in bio-applications. The surface of the nanoparticles was modified by amino groups and easily bioconjugated with goat anti-human IgG antibody. By employing these nanoparticles as fluorescent probe, a sensitive fluoroimmunoassay method has been developed for the determination of trace level of human IgG. The calibration graph for human IgG was linear over the range of 0–500 ng mL⁻¹ with a detection limit of 1.6 ng mL⁻¹. Compared with the corresponding system using free AlC₄Pc as a probe for determining human IgG, the sensitivity of the proposed system was notably increased. The method was applied to the analysis of human IgG in human sera with satisfactory results.     

Gold nanoparticle-based signal augmentation of quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor measuring C-reactive protein

A biotinylated anti-rat C-reactive protein (CRP) antibody was ingeniously prepared by the reaction of the unmodified antibody with a water-soluble sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido)hexanoate. The molar biotin incorporation of the resulting modified antibody was found as 5.82. A flow-type indirect-competitive quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor system was constructed with the sensor chip immobilized with 2 mg/mL CRP as the coating antigen. When 200 μL of the modified antibody having the concentration of 0.250 mg/mL was added with a streptavidin-coated gold nanoparticle (GNP) to the immunosensor system, the frequency shift obtained was 139.8 ± 0.3 Hz. Compared to the frequency shift of 91.1 ± 1.3 Hz found with the addition of the unmodified antibody only, the signal augmentation after GNP binding amounted to 53.4%, which resulted in sensitivity improvement of the current immunosensor.     

An Immunonanogold Resonance Scattering-Quenching Probe for Rapid and Sensitive Assay of Microalbumin

A novel and sensitive immunonanogold resonance scattering (RS) spectral probe was obtained for rapid detection of microalbumin (Malb), using 10 nm gold nanaoparticle to label goat anti-human Malb. It was based on that the gold-labeled anti-Malb took place nonspecific aggregation and exhibited a strong RS peak at 577 nm in pH 5.2 C₆H₈O₇–Na₂HPO₄ buffer solution containing polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the immunocomplex formed after specific reaction of gold-labeled anti-Malb with Malb, which led to a decrease in the intensity of RS peak at 577 nm considerably. The decreased RS intensity at 577 nm (ΔI _577nm) was linear to the concentration of Malb in the range of 4–128 ng/mL, with a detection limit of 3.2 ng/mL. The proposed method was applied to detect Malb in healthy human urine samples with satisfactory results.     

Design and development of a fiber-optic immunosensor utilizing near-infrared fluorophores

The design and application of a fluorescent fiber-optic immunosensor (FFOI) are reported. The FFOI is utilized for the detection of antibody/antigen binding within the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region. The technique is developed through the combined use of fiber-optic, semiconductor laser-excitation, fluorescence detection, NIR dye, and immunochemical techniques. The antibody is immobilized on the FFOI and utilized as a recognition component for trace amounts of specific antigen. The FFOI is constructed to utilize an antibody sandwich technique. The assay involves the immobilization of the capture antibody on the sensing tip of the FFOI followed by the exposure of the immobilized sensing tip to the antigen. The antigen-coated FFOI is then introduced to a second antibody previously labeled with the NIR dye. Typical measurements are performed in about 15 min. A semiconductor laser provides the excitation (780 nm) of the immune complex. The resulting emission is detected by a silicon photodiode detector (820 nm). The intensity of the resulting fluorescence is directly proportional to the concentration of the antigen. The sensitivity of the analysis reaches 10 ng/ml and the response time is 10–15 min.     

Immunosensor application based on Raman spectroscopy of porous silicon

Porous silicon (PS) suitable for optical detection of immunoreaction is fabricated. The structure of immunosensor is prepared by the following steps: oxidization, silanization, glutaraldehyde cross-linker, and covalent binding of antibody. When antigen is added into the immunosensor, the Raman intensity is estimated to be linearly reduced according to the concentration of the surface protective antigen protein A (spaA) of below 4.0 μg ml-1. The ultimate detection limit is 1.412 × 102 pg ml-1. Controlled experiments are also presented with non-immune antigen of the spaA, and results show that the immunosensor has high specificity. Compared with the conventional enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), this method is quick, inexpensive, and label-free.     

异硫氰酸荧光素标记抗体的固体基质室温磷光性质研究

研究了异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）标记的羊抗人抗体（GAHAb-FITC)和兔抗羊抗体9RAGAb-FITC)，及其以三种免疫方式与人免疫球蛋白（IgG)反应所得免疫复合物在多种固体薄膜基质上发射室温磷光（RTP）的适宜条件及其光谱，强度和寿命等性质。研究发现，标记抗体及其免疫复合物保留了FITC优良的固体基质室温磷光性质，λ m0643em^(max)=525/650nm，其RTP强度与其浓度线性相关，并有很高的灵敏度，更为重要的是，免疫反应及其RTP检测能结合于同一基质，方便地相继完成，在聚酰胺膜（PM）上，以Pb(Ac)2为重原子微扰剂，稀释比为1：10（ψ）的GAHAb-FITC,RAGAb-FITC及其与人IgG形成的免疫复合物均能发射较强制 RTP信号并有较长的RTP寿命，本结果为建立相应的固体基质室温磷光免疫分析（SS-RTP-IA）新方法奠定了相应的实验基础。     

抗凝血酶Ⅲ的免疫共振散射光谱分析

在pH 7.2的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中和聚乙二醇6000（PEG-6000）存在下,羊抗人抗凝血酶Ⅲ与抗凝血酶Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）发生免疫反应形成疏水性的免疫复合物微粒,导致体系的共振散射强度增强,在波长为368,491和538 nm处出现3个共振散射峰,其中491 nm处的峰最强。分别考察了pH、AT-Ⅲ和PEG-6000浓度、温育时间和温度、共存物质的影响。在选定条件下,AT-Ⅲ浓度在62.5～875 ng·mL-1范围内与491 nm处体系的散射强度呈良好的线性关系,其回归方程为ΔI_RS=62.5c+1.36,相关系数为0.996,检出限为29.4 ng·mL-1。该方法简便、灵敏和选择性好,用于人血中AT-Ⅲ含量的测定,结果满意,回收率在90.2%～108.9%之间。     

Electrochemical immune bioassay for the antigen–antibody interaction based on [Fe(CN)<Subscript>6</Subscript>]<Superscript>4-/3-</Superscript> and [AuCl<Subscript>4</Subscript>]<Superscript>-</Superscript> ions-derivated biomimetic interface

A simple and sensitive electrochemical immune bioassay for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), as a model, was developed based on [Fe(CN)₆]^4-/3- and [AuCl₄]^- ions-derivated biomimetic interface in this study. A layer of [Fe(CN)₆]^4-/3- film (i.e., Prussian blue, PB) was initially electrodeposited onto a glassy carbon electrode, and then [AuCl₄]^- ions were reduced under the potentiostat to form gold nanoparticles on the PB film. Finally, hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) was adsorbed onto the nanogold surface. The performance and factors influencing the immunosensor were assessed and optimized. The proposed immunosensor exhibits a specific response to HBsAg in the range of 2.13–314.3 ng∙ml^-1 with a detection limit of 0.42 ng∙ml^-1. In addition, the developed immunosensor shows high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability. Importantly, the ions-derivated biomimetic interface could be further extended for the immobilization of other proteins and biocompound.     

A Capillary Based Chemiluminscent Multi-Target Immunoassay

Renewed interest in capillary format immunoassays has lead to increasingly costly and complex approaches to preparation and readout. This study describes a simple multi-target method based on a capillary platform using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelled IgG to visualize an antibody antigen complex. When goat-anti-human IgG was employed as the probe and human IgG as target, the system allowed detection of target to less than 1 ng/mL using a standard detection approach. The capillaries were read visually or with a commercial grade CCD camera. Multi-target detection was demonstrated using a model system of rat-anti-mouse, goat-anti-human and mouse-anti-rat IgG. These probes were encoded to different locations in the capillary, providing a simple inexpensive approach to achieve multi-target assays.     

载脂蛋白免疫复合物微粒的共振散射光谱研究及分析应用

在pH 6.8的Na₂HPO₄-NaH₂PO₄缓冲溶液中和聚乙二醇存在下,载脂蛋白A1(APOA1)、载脂蛋白B(APOB)与相应的抗体发生特异性结合,分别形成粒径约为180,140 nm的抗体抗原免疫复合物微粒,导致体系在340,470 nm处的共振散射峰增强。分别研究了pH、抗血清、聚乙二醇浓度、温育时间和共存物质的影响。在最佳条件下,APOA1浓度在8.4～430.0 ng·mL-1, APOB浓度在14.8～590.0 ng·mL-1范围内与其共振散射强度成良好线性关系,方法的检出限分别为6.2和7.0 ng·mL-1,用于定量分析血清中的APOA1与APOB, 获得满意结果。     

荧光偏振免疫分析测定磺胺甲基嘧啶研究

磺胺甲基嘧啶(sulfamerazine,SMR)的芳伯胺基与荧光素异硫氰酸钠异构体Ⅰ(fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC)的异硫氰基在常温下可以发生偶联反应,经薄层色谱分离之后,可以得到SMR的FITC荧光标记物(Tracer)SMR-FITC。应用荧光偏振免疫分析(fluorescence polarization immunoassay, FPIA),以SMR单克隆抗体为竞争免疫试剂,优化了检测条件,建立了SMR的FPIA检测方法。在选定的条件下,SMR的半数抑制量(IC₅₀)为23.4 ng·mL-1,最低检测限量为2.3 ng·mL-1,检测范围为5.4到218.8 ng·mL-1,可以达到食品中SMR的最高残留限量要求。同时对16种磺胺类药物的交叉反应做了初步研究,结果显示对SMR、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(sulfamethazine, SMZ)、磺胺嘧啶(sulfadiazine, SDZ)交叉反应率分别为100%,25%和8.6%,对其他磺胺类药物的交叉反应率均低于5%。     

免疫纳米金催化氯金酸-盐酸羟胺光度法检测免疫球蛋白G

在pH 2.27的柠檬酸钠-盐酸缓冲溶液中,纳米金对氯金酸-盐酸羟胺生成较大粒径金颗粒这一慢反应具有较强的催化作用。较大粒径金颗粒在600～1 000 nm处有一个较宽的吸收峰。将纳米金标记羊抗人IgG获得免疫纳米金,免疫纳米金也具有相同催化效果。在一定条件下,金标记羊抗人IgG与IgG发生特异性结合生成纳米金免疫复合物。以16 000 rpm速度离心分离获得未反应的纳米金标抗上层溶液。以它作为催化剂催化氯金酸-盐酸羟胺微粒反应,700 nm处的吸光度A_{700 nm}线性降低。其降低值ΔA_{700 nm}与IgG在0.1～10 ng·mL-1范围内呈良好线性关系, 检出限为0.06 ng·mL-1。本法具有灵敏、快速和较高的特异性,用于定量分析人血清IgG,结果满意。     

荧光光谱成像在生物芯片蛋白量化分析中的应用研究

采用荧光光谱成像并结合椭圆偏振技术研究了３-氨基３-乙氧基硅烷(APTES)修饰及其与戊二醛(APTES-Glu)共同修饰的两种不同表面上固定的羊抗人抗体活性和数量及其荧光免疫结合。研究结果表明：应用荧光光谱成像在APTES-Glu表面上检测到的FITC标记人血清蛋白分子的数量为APTES表面结合的2.8倍,而应用椭圆偏振技术在前者表面上检测到的FITC标记人血清蛋白分子的数量为后者表面上的2.2倍。这个结果说明：在荧光免疫检测中,荧光光谱成像完全可用于分析不同表面固定蛋白的免疫活性和半定量的检测。     

The Application of CdTe/CdS in the Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay

A novel and portable strategy based on fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) using quantum dots (QDs) was described in this study for simple, rapid, and sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Under optimal conditions, the sensor has a wide dynamic range (from 0.5?ng/mL to 200?ng/mL) and a good correlation. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.21?ng/mL (S/N?=?3). The sensor has been applied for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in 10 human serum samples with the range of recovery from 92.1?% to 103.6?%. Furthermore, bioconjugation of the core–shell QDs with streptavidin (SA) has been successfully applied in immunofluorescent imaging of the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEPG2) cell line. The experimental results demonstrated the successful application of QDs-based fluorescence polarization immunoassay for detection of target proteins of biomedical importance. This strategy shows great promise for clinical diagnoses and basic discovery with high sensitivity, good specificity, simple procedures and short analysis time.     

免疫纳米金催化光度法测定痕量补体C3

在pH值为5.6的磷酸氢二钠-柠檬酸(Na₂HPO₄-C₆H₈O₇)缓冲溶液及PEG存在下,金标记羊抗人补体C3与补体C3发生特异性结合生成胶体金免疫复合物。以12 000 r·min-1速度离心分离获得未反应的免疫金上层溶液。以它作晶种,在pH 2.97柠檬酸钠-盐酸(Na₃C₆H₅O₇-HCl)缓冲溶液-53.33 μg·mL-1 HAuCl₄-74.13 μg·mL-1 NH₂OH·HCl溶液中及37 ℃恒温水浴条件下反应显色3 min内。结果表明,随着C3浓度增大,离心上层溶液中免疫金浓度降低,760 nm处的吸光度线性降低,测定C3的线性范围为0.025～0.60 ng·mL-1, 回归方程为ΔA_{760 nm}＝0.276c+0.025 4,相关系数(r)为0.990 3,检测限(3σ)为0.007 2 ng·mL-1。本法具有灵敏、快速和高的特异性,用于定量分析人血清补体C3,结果满意。     

Optimization of Fluoroimmunoassay against C-Reactive Protein Exploiting Immobilized-antigen Glass Slide

An optimization experiment for an indirect-competitive (IC) fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) against C-reactive protein (CRP) was conducted exploiting an immobilized-antigen glass slide and an anti-CRP antibody tagged with fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs). The optimized conditions for the IC FIA were as follows: time and concentration of treatment with glutaraldehyde, 30 min and 1.5 %, respectively; time of reaction with coating antigen and concentration of coating antigen for immobilization, 1 h and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively; concentration of FSNP-anti-CRP antibody conjugate coupled by the biotin-avidin interaction, the bioconjugate, for immune reaction, 0.250 mg/mL; concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for blocking and time of blocking with BSA, 3 % and 30 min, respectively. By using the glass slide, a highly sensitive detection against CRP was possible with the limit of detection below 0.1 ng/mL.     

Silanization and antibody immobilization on SU-8

SU-8, an epoxy based negative photoresist, has emerged as a structural material for microfabricated sensors due to its attractive mechanical properties like low Young's modulus and chemical properties like inertness to various chemicals used in microfabrication. It can be used to fabricate MEMS structures of high aspect ratio. However, the use of SU-8 in BioMEMS application has been limited by the fact that immobilization of biomolecules on SU-8 surfaces has not been reported. In this study, the epoxy groups on the SU-8 surface were hydrolyzed in the presence of sulphochromic solution. Following this, the surface was treated with [3-(2-aminoethyl) aminopropyl]-trimethoxysilane (AEAPS). The silanized SU-8 surface was used to incubate human immunoglobulin (HIgG). The immobilization of HIgG was proved by allowing FITC tagged goat anti-human IgG to react with HIgG. This process of antibody immobilization was used to immobilize HIgG on microfabricated SU-8 cantilevers.