Oxidative Stress in Down and Williams-Beuren Syndromes: An Overview

Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in the redox state in a cell or a tissue. When the production of free radicals, which are physiologically essential for signaling, exceeds the antioxidant capability, pathological outcomes including oxidative damage to macromolecules, aberrant signaling, and inflammation can occur. Down syndrome (DS) and Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) are well-known and common genetic conditions with multi-systemic involvement. Their etiology is linked to oxidative stress with important causative genes, such as SOD-1 and NCF-1, respectively, of the diseases being primarily involved in the regulation of the redox state. Early aging, dementia, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation are some of the main characteristics of these conditions that can be associated with oxidative stress. In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in the possible role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathology of these conditions. However, at present, few studies have investigated these correlations. We provide an overview of the current literature concerning the role of oxidative stress and oxidative damage in genetic syndromes with a focus on Down syndrome and WBS. We hope to provide new insights to improve the management of complications related to these diseases.     

l-Aspartate: An Essential Metabolite for Plant Growth and Stress Acclimation

L-aspartate (Asp) serves as a central building block, in addition to being a constituent of proteins, for many metabolic processes in most organisms, such as biosynthesis of other amino acids, nucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis pathway intermediates, and hormones, which are vital for growth and defense. In animals and humans, lines of data have proved that Asp is indispensable for cell proliferation. However, in plants, despite the extensive study of the Asp family amino acid pathway, little attention has been paid to the function of Asp through the other numerous pathways. This review aims to elucidate the most important aspects of Asp in plants, from biosynthesis to catabolism and the role of Asp and its metabolic derivatives in response to changing environmental conditions. It considers the distribution of Asp in various cell compartments and the change of Asp level, and its significance in the whole plant under various stresses. Moreover, it provides evidence of the interconnection between Asp and phytohormones, which have prominent functions in plant growth, development, and defense. The updated information will help improve our understanding of the physiological role of Asp and Asp-borne metabolic fluxes, supporting the modular operation of these networks.     

盐处理下植物组织中甜菜碱和脯氨酸的HPLC-ESI-MS分析

通过高效液相色谱—电喷雾质谱(HPLC—ESI—MS)联用技术,优化了pH、流速、温度、鞘气和辅气等相关影响因素,建立了一个有选择性的、高灵敏度的分析方法,鉴定盐处理下植物组织提取物中的甜菜碱和脯氨酸,一次性快速地分析了甘氨酸甜菜碱、β—丙氨酸甜菜碱、葫芦巴碱、脯氨酸甜菜碱、4—羟脯氨酸甜菜碱和脯氨酸等6种化合物。其标准曲线(50～1000ng／mL)呈直线,线性相关系数大于0.999;相对标准偏差(RSD)为0．5％～15％,回收率在94．0％～97．0％之间。运用这一方法已经分析了大麦、小麦、大豆、甜菜和碱蓬等植物组织中的甜菜碱和脯氨酸,获得了较理想的实验数据,为揭示甜菜碱和脯氨酸与植物的耐盐性生理机制、耐盐品种的鉴定和选育提供了依据。     

Biomedical and Antioxidant Potentialities in Chilli: Perspectives and Way Forward

Worldwide, since ages and nowadays, traditional medicine is well known, owing to its biodiversity, which immensely contributed to the advancement and development of complementary and alternative medicines. There is a wide range of spices, herbs, and trees known for their medicinal uses. Chilli peppers, a vegetable cum spice crop, are bestowed with natural bioactive compounds, flavonoids, capsaicinoids, phytochemicals, phytonutrients, and pharmacologically active compounds with potential health benefits. Such compounds manifest their functionality over solo-treatment by operating in synergy and consortium. Co-action of these compounds and nutrients make them potentially effective against coagulation, obesity, diabetes, inflammation, dreadful diseases, such as cancer, and microbial diseases, alongside having good anti-oxidants with scavenging ability to free radicals and oxygen. In recent times, capsaicinoids especially capsaicin can ameliorate important viral diseases, such as SARS-CoV-2. In addition, capsaicin provides an ability to chilli peppers to ramify as topical agents in pain-relief and also benefitting man as a potential effective anesthetic agent. Such phytochemicals involved not only make them useful and a much economical substitute to wonder/artificial drugs but can be exploited as obscene drugs for the production of novel stuffs. The responsibility of the TRPV1 receptor in association with capsaicin in mitigating chronic diseases has also been justified in this study. Nonetheless, medicinal studies pertaining to consumption of chilli peppers are limited and demand confirmation of the findings from animal studies. In this artifact, an effort has been made to address in an accessible format the nutritional and biomedical perspectives of chilli pepper, which could precisely upgrade and enrich our pharmaceutical industries towards human well-being.     

Molecular Cloning of a Glycyrrhiza uralensis F. Aquaporin GuPIP1 Up-regulated in Response to Drought, Salt and ABA Stress

IntroductionWater is an ubiquitous and indispensable moleculefor plant growth and development[1]. According to thecomposite water flux model[2], water is transported intoplant tissues by three pathways: apoplastic, symplas-tic, and transcellular. The latt…     

Speciation and Bioavailability:Present Status and Future Trend

Speciation analysis is nowadays performed routinely in environmental chemistry to control the quality of the environment and to study the behavior of inorganic speciation and organometallic compounds.     

Modern Theoretical Approaches to Modeling the Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer: An Overview

The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) phenomenon is nowadays widely acknowledged to play a crucial role in many photobiological and photochemical processes. It is an extremely fast transformation, often taking place at sub-100 fs timescales. While its experimental characterization can be highly challenging, a rich manifold of theoretical approaches at different levels is nowadays available to support and guide experimental investigations. In this perspective, we summarize the state-of-the-art quantum-chemical methods, as well as molecular- and quantum-dynamics tools successfully applied in ESIPT process studies, focusing on a critical comparison of their specific properties.     

NIRS分析技术在饲料品质检测中的应用

简介近红外光谱（Near Infrared Spectroscopy,NIRS)分析技术的优点，原理和应用，并重点对其在饲料品质检测中的应用进行综述（引用文献共51篇）。     

An Overview of the Literature on the Synthetic Routes to Azolyloxadiazoles

Published data on the methods of preparation of different azoles linked directly to oxadiazoles are described systematically. This review is divided into classes based on the number of heteroatoms in the azoles connected to oxadiazole ring, and the subtitles are divided according to the type of oxadiazoles isomer.     

Modification of Acrylic Fibers: An Overview

Abstract

Among the vinyl monomers, acrylonitrile is the only monomer used for the production of synthetic fibers. Other vinyl monomers lack cohesive forces between the molecular chains of their polymers and, hence, can not compete with acrylonitrile [1]. Acrylic fiber has replaced wool in many major applications, particularly in hand knitting and hosiery garments. The majority of knitting yarns are usually bulky yarns which go into the manufacture of pullovers, sweaters, socks, etc. Acrylic fiber has been able to replace wool considerably in these applications. Blankets and carpets are other applications where acrylic fiber competes with wool [2] because of its high elasticity, color brilliancy, volumenosity, easy shampooing, resistance to pilling, good light and colorfastness values, etc.     

Total Syntheses of Heliannuols: An Overview

Nature has always been recognized as a rich source for the identification of new drug candidates. Heliannuols have drawn wide attention because of their interesting structural scaffolds and biological potential. Biological evaluation has shown that heliannuols have the allelopathic activity and may be used as lead compounds in herbicides. The synthesis of this family of molecules has always been challenging because of their unique scaffold and multiple chiral centers. Up to now, there have been 32 synthetic routes toward these kinds of natural compounds and a mini-review; however, the synthesis of heliannuols F, I, and J have not been reported yet. Many different strategies such Julia coupling, Dickman condensation, ring-closing metasis, ring contraction or expansion, rearrangement, and intramolecular epoxide opening have been employed in these syntheses. More efficient and highly enantiocontrolled and ecofriendly strategies should be developed for sustainable chemistry.     

Preparation of Monoalkyl Terephthalates: An Overview

Terephthalic acid can be readily converted to the corresponding monoalkyl terephthalate in high yield, via a two‐step procedure. This method is advantageously compared to the more representative methods described in the literature. The purification of the expected monoester, a crucial problem for this synthetic pathway, is discussed, and an original procedure has been developed.     

DNA纳米技术研究进展

DNA不只是遗传物质,还能通过折叠形成特定的二维、三维结构,作为一种天然纳米材料可参与各种功能结构和纳米器件的构造。DNA纳米技术从被提出到现在的三十多年间,得到了飞速发展,被应用于众多领域,对纳米科学产生了重大影响。本文将主要从三种典型的DNA纳米结构和DNA纳米技术的应用两个方面进行综述,并对DNA纳米技术的前景进行展望。     

The Peculiar Response of DNA Hydrogel Fibers to a Salt and pH Stimulus

DNA hydrogels which are composed of an entangled network without a crosslinker are synthesized and examined in regards to their sensitivity to salt and pH changes. The DNA hydrogel fibers only exhibited a marked response – that is a fast and large change in length – under biological conditions ([Na⁺] = 0.15 M at pH = 7) and are therefore suitable materials for bio‐inspired devices.

     

正渗透驱动液的发展状况与趋势

正渗透具有低能耗、低污染、高回收等特点,其应用范围非常广泛。具有高渗透压的驱动液是正渗透技术的核心问题。正渗透驱动液的类型有直接利用型和循环利用型,后者包括NH3/CO2汲取液、磁性驱动液、有机化合物驱动液和无机化合物驱动液。随着正渗透驱动技术的发展,驱动液已从简单的盐类、糖类转变为功能性物质。正渗透技术发展空间巨大,将成为解决困扰人类可持续发展的水资源和能源问题的关键技术之一。     

聚丙烯腈分离膜改性研究进展及其应用

综述了聚丙烯腈分离膜改性研究新进展,包括表面接枝、复合、共聚合、聚合物化学反应、分子印迹法等,着重介绍了改性聚丙烯腈分离膜在渗透蒸发、生物大分子的固定化、徽滤、超滤、气体分离、人工脏器以及模拟生物膜等方面的应用。     

催化滴定分析法的现状及进展

催化滴定是利用催化反应指示滴定终点的一种滴定分析方法，它兼具催化动力学分析法的高灵敏度和经典滴定分析法高准确度的特点，既适用于常量分析又适用于微量分析。此文就催化滴定在研究和应用方面的进展作出概述。     

Pesticides Identification and Sustainable Viticulture Practices to Reduce Their Use: An Overview

The use of pesticides is a necessary practice in the modern era. Therefore, it is impossible to ignore the pesticide market, which has developed into one of the most lucrative in the world. Nowadays, humans are subjected to many potential risks, and significant amounts of toxic compounds enter their bodies through food, drink, and the air itself. Identification and quantification of these hazardous compounds is crucial for the sustainable development of an increasing world population which poses high climatic and political constraints on agricultural production systems. The maximum residue limits for pesticides have been regulated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission and European Union to protect human health. In this review, we have summarized and explained the analytical methods for pesticide extraction and determination. Also, sustainable viticulture practices like organic vineyards, tillage, biopesticides, nanobiopesticides, and precision viticulture are briefly discussed. These new techniques allow wine growers to be more profitable and efficient, while contributing to the reduction of pests and increasing the quality of wines.     

Advancements in Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions to Access Carbocycles and Heterocycles: An Overview

This review summarizes recent developments (from 2006 to 2022) in numerous important and efficient carbo- and heterocycle generations using gold-catalyzed cascade protocols. Herein, methodologies involve selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and ease of product formation being controlled by the ligand as well as the counter anion, catalyst, substrate, and reaction conditions. Gold-catalyzed cascade reactions covered different strategies through the compilation of various approaches such as cyclization, hydroarylation, intermolecular and intramolecular cascade reactions, etc. This entitled reaction is also useful for the synthesis of spiro, fused, bridged carbo- and heterocycles.