Hall-A上小角度GDH实验中气体契仑柯夫探测器的刻度修正

在JLab的A大厅上的小角度GDH实验中, 因为实验过程中硬件条件的变化, 对位于高分辨谱仪上的CO₂阈契仑柯夫探测器进行了多次刻度修正, 并得到7套修正系数. 单光电峰在阈契仑柯夫探测器的10个PMT中的信号响应均被调整到两百. 通过对在该探测器中的信号响应的判断, 本底π粒子可以被有效的去除.     

判别分析法用于ALEPH实验的π-μ鉴别

利用多元统计的判别分析方法,对ALEPH实验的强子量能器模型以及实际探测器的强子量能器和μ子探测器进行了π-μ粒子鉴别的研究.     

低能停止粒子探测器

低能带电重粒子在接近射程末端处,电离比值上升.因此,带电粒子在薄层探测器中产生的电离,当接近粒子射程末端时比粒子穿过时为大.利用这个现象,就可以做成探测接近射程末端的停止粒子探测器.工作[1,2]曾经用固体闪烁体研究过负π介子星裂探测器以及记录中能π介子和μ子的停止粒子探测器.后来,已将固体闪烁体用于高穿透粒子本底中测量停止粒子,成功地测量过π~+停止后的稀有衰变方式.但未见到用气体介质对低能粒子作停止粒子探测器的报导.这里,我们对记录低能α粒子的停止粒子探测器进行了初步实验.结果表明,可以用薄窗正比计数管做成简单的低能停止粒子探测器.     

一种新型时间测量探测器──多气隙电阻板室

介绍了具有6层气隙的电阻板室的结构和工作原理.用动量7GeV/c的粒子束测量了该探测器的性能,得到时间分辨为60—70ps,探测效率大于97%.在动量为3GeV/c的正电荷粒子束流测试中,用该探测器获得了p和π的时间谱,实现了很好的粒子分辨.     

2M阈式气体契仑科夫探测器

本文描述了为鉴别5—10GeV/c的π—K、K—P而研制的阈式气体契仑科夫探测器.速度分辨率达3.5×10^-5,对粒子的探测效率为99.99％,对阈能以下的粒子的排斥比为1.6×10^-5。     

粒子分辨CCT方法中的δ电子效应

提出了切伦科夫相关时间测量(CCT)中初始粒子在辐射体里产生的δ电子的干扰问题,以及降低干扰的方法. 通过模拟计算给出了北京τ-C工厂探测器初步设计中CCT的π/K分辨本领.     

基于Geant4的α粒子能谱模拟研究及软件设计实现

为进一步发展基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法的α粒子能谱探测参数优化技术,利用PyQt5设计一款调用蒙特卡罗模拟程序包Geant4进行α粒子能谱模拟研究的软件。一方面,建立了测量α粒子的钝化离子注入平面硅探测器（Passivated Implanted Planar Silicon）物理模型,根据实际α粒子测量条件对模拟的物理过程、模型材料及粒子源几何形状、成分等参数进行校正,结合PyQt5界面开发平台将粒子源参数、探测器参数修改等功能可视化。在多个探源距和不同真空压强条件下进行模拟实验,得到该模型的探测效率,并将获取的能量沉积成谱后,通过EMG-Landau响应函数模型展宽。另一方面,为验证该探测器模型的准确性,将模拟结果与实测结果的探测效率进行对比,实验结果表明,两者探测效率误差均在5%之内,且EMG-Landau响应函数模型展宽效果良好。本文研究结果验证了该Geant4模拟软件在α粒子能谱研究方面的可靠性,该软件可直观修改α粒子能谱测量条件,简化了模拟步骤,提高了模拟效率,为基于蒙特卡罗模拟方法的α粒子能谱探测参数优化技术提供了有力工具。     

π-介子星裂探测器

负π介子和许多其他粒子不同,它们在介质中停止处有效地产生星裂,从而释放出大量的能量。我们利用了这种现象来选择性地探测负π介子。星裂探测器是个计数管望远镜。它由二个符合闪烁计数管组成。其中第一管是普通的闪烁计数管,它记录透过粒子的效率是100％。第二管的工作电压放得较低,使之只记录负π介子在晶体中引起星裂而生的大的光脉冲;它记录透过粒子的效率极低。第二管用能谱分析性能好的光电倍加管,由高稳定的电源来供应。用星裂探测器可以迅速测量负π介子的射程和能量。例如对强度为10³/秒的负π介子束,测量能量只需15分钟。这种探测器记录粒子时有选择性。它只记录星裂,而不记录其他停止的带电粒子(例如负μ介子),实验证明参看图7。我们所用的星裂探测器,对负π介子的灵敏度,比对负μ介子的灵敏度至少要大20倍。     

π~-介子星裂探测器

负π介子和许多其他粒子不同,它们在介质中停止处有效地产生星裂,从而释放出大量的能量。我们利用了这种现象来选择性地探测负π介子。 星裂探测器是个计数管望远镜。它由二个符合闪烁计数管组成。其中第一管是普通的闪烁计数管,它记录透过粒子的效率是100％。第二管的工作电压放得较低,使之只记录负π介子在晶体中引起星裂而生的大的光脉冲;它记录透过粒子的效率极低。第二管用能谱分析性能好的光电倍加管,由高稳定的电源来供应。 用星裂探测器可以迅速测量负π介子的射程和能量。例如对强度为10~3/秒的负π介子束,测量能量只需15分钟。 这种探测器记录粒子时有选择性。它只记录星裂,而不记录其他停止的带电粒子(例如负μ介子),实验证明参看图7。我们所用的星裂探测器,对负π介子的灵敏度,比对负μ介子的灵敏度至少要大20倍。     

p,在北京谱仪(Ⅱ)中的行为研究

从MonteCalor模拟和北京谱仪 (BESⅡ )所取的实验数据入手 ,分析了p和 p产生次级带电径迹和中性径迹的几率以及好径迹选择条件对这些次级径迹的去除情况、p在探测器中的能量损失和 p的湮没、p和 p在桶部簇射计数器中沉积能量的分布以及 3种不同的粒子鉴别方法的优劣 .给出了BES目前可以正确重建出的p和 p的动量的最小值和利用TOF和dE dx的联合信息鉴别p和 p的优越性 .     

Ab-initio Hartree-Fock self-consistent-field calculations—An indigenous development of computer programs

A set of indigenously developed computer programs for ab-initio Hartree-Fock calculations on both closed- and open-shell molecules have been described. These programs have been written for calculations using GTO basis sets. Integral formulae have been taken from Taketaet al [8]. Structures and functions of the programs have been discussed. These programs have been extensively tested. Molecular integrals over GTO basis sets have been chosen for tests and as numerical examples in this paper. Results of calculations using very accurate minimal bases have been given for methane. Time taken for these computations in a CDC Cyber 180/840 machine has been indicated. Trends in the calculations have also been illustrated by employing 4-gaussian expansions for the STO’s and by varying the basis size for LiH and BH⁺. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Electron impact single and double ionization of halogens

The binary encounter approximation has been used for calculations of electron impact single ionization cross-sections for F, Cl, Br and I and double ionization cross-sections for Br and I. Contributions of ionization from inner shells have also been included in the calculations. Hartree-Fock momentum distribution has been used for the bound electron as far as possible. The results have been found to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental observations.     

Modifying a graphene layer by a thymine or a uracil nucleobase: DFT studies

The hybridizations of a graphene layer by a thymine and a uracil nucleobase have been investigated by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The isolated and hybrid structures have been firstly stabilized to reach the minimum energy and the electronic properties have been subsequently evaluated for the optimized structures. The structural and atomic scale parameters indicated that the tip of graphene is important in determining the properties of new hybrids. Moreover, different effects of thymine and uracil nucleobases have been identified in the hybrid structures. Quadrupole coupling constants have been evaluated to characterize the atomic scale properties, in which the most notable effects of hybridizations have been observed for the atoms close to the linking regions whereas negligible effects have been seen for other atoms.     

基于特征级融合的多波段舰船目标识别方法

针对复杂情况下海上舰船目标单波段特征识别能力不足的问题,研究可见光、中波红外和长波红外三波段特征图像融合技术,重点解决图像融合方法中存在的算法耗时和融合策略选择的问题,提出了一种新的基于区域协方差矩阵的多波段特征级融合方法,针对可见光图像和红外图像分别设计11维和5维特征向量,协方差矩阵可以将多个特征进行融合,既保证了不同目标之间的区别性,同时又减小计算量。该方法首先利用显著性检测,快速定位图像中的目标区域,然后,针对不同波段图像设计的特征向量定义协方差阵的距离计算公式并进行匹配,通过对图像的一次遍历操作获得积分图像,在协方差计算时达到快速计算的目的,最后利用k-阶最近邻算法对多种舰船目标进行分类识别。利用实拍的3 400余张三波段舰船目标图像作为测试数据。实验主要分为两部分,首先对比单波段和三波段融合识别的识别率,验证所提出的融合方法具有更广的应用范围;然后,在计算效率上对比多种传统的像素级方法,验证采用的特征级融合在计算时间上的优势。实验结果表明,该方法可达到95.1%的识别率,单帧计算耗时约为0.5 s,在实时性和检测率方面都有明显提高。     

The Hyperfine Structures of ScCl and ScF

The Fourier transform microwave spectra of gaseous ScF and ScCl have been measured in their (1)Sigma(+) ground electronic states. Transitions have been observed for ScF (J = 1-0) and for both Sc(35)Cl and Sc(37)Cl (J = 1-0 and J = 2-1) in the ground vibrational state, and for Sc(35)Cl (J = 1-0 and J = 2-1) in the first excited vibrational state. The nuclear quadrupole coupling constants of Sc and of both isotopes of Cl, the spin-rotation constants for all the nuclei and the nuclear spin-nuclear spin constants for both molecules, have been determined. From these hyperfine constants, the electronic structures of ScF and ScCl have been investigated and comparisons have been made to similar molecules. ScCl has been found to be highly ionic. For Sc(35)Cl, the equilibrium bond length has been reevaluated and the vibration frequency and dissociation energy have been estimated. A simple approach to account for the Sc quadrupole coupling constants has been shown to be flawed. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

New modifications in 15 UD pelletron at nuclear science centre

The 15 UD pelletron at NSC has been operational and performed well during the last 11 years. There have been major modifications performed for upgradation of pelletron system over this period. Major upgradations which have been implemented are new resistor network system for voltage gradient, doublet to singlet unit conversion for accelerator units, turbopump based gas stripper system etc. In addition accelerator mass spectroscopy program has also been started. A new multi-cathode source, Wien filter etc. have been procured and will be added soon in the system. An overview of the most significant upgradations undertaken and other activities for the system are being reported in the present paper.     

Nonlinear response to ultrasound of encapsulated microbubbles

The acoustic backscatter of encapsulated gas-filled microbubbles immersed in a weak compressible liquid and irradiated by ultrasound fields of moderate to high pressure amplitudes is investigated theoretically. The problem is formulated by considering, for the viscoelastic shell of finite thickness, an isotropic hyperelastic neo-Hookean model for the elastic contribution in addition to a Newtonian viscous component. First and second harmonic scattering cross-sections have been evaluated and the quantitative influence of the driving pressure amplitude on the harmonic resonance frequencies for different initial equilibrium bubble sizes and for different encapsulating physical properties has been determined. Conditions for optimal second harmonic imaging have been also investigated and some regions in the parameters space where the second harmonic intensity is dominant over the fundamental have been identified. Results have been obtained for albumin, lipid and polymer encapsulating shells, respectively.     

Green function solution of the Boltzmann transport equation for semiconducting thin film with rough boundaries

In this study the Green function solution of the Boltzmann transport equation on semiconducting thin film with irregular walls has been applied for the first time. The effects of electron scattering caused by these irregularities on the electrical conductivity have been investigated. First of all by using coordinate transformations, the irregularities on the walls have been transferred into the volume and in this way the both surfaces have been brought into flat forms. By taking two models, Gaussian and exponential, for random potential energy term contained in the transformed Hamiltonian as the perturbation, the resistivity results have been calculated and compared with the ones obtained from the methods widely known in the literature. The Boltzmann transport equation has been solved in relaxation time approximation for the irregular walled system in the case of no magnetic field.     

Equilibrium configurations and phase transitions in dipole lattices

Two-dimensional square and hexagonal lattices of magnetic dipoles with the number of rows 1–4 have been studied. Based on the numerical analysis, equilibrium stable domain configurations, including the minimum number of lattice dipoles, have been revealed; the conditions for the creation and destruction of domains have been determined; and their associated changes in the magnetic moment of the lattice and in the energy of the dipole interaction have been found. The conditions for the occurrence of phase transitions that change the configuration of the lattices have been investigated and the conditions for unidirectional propagation of the front of the phase transition have been established. A comparative analysis of different square and hexagonal lattices has been performed in terms of the specific features of the formed domains and the observed orientation phase transitions.     

Fractional Fourier plane image encryption technique using radial hilbert-, and Jigsaw transform

A new method for image encryption using integral order radial Hilbert transform (RHT) filter in the fractional Fourier transform (FRT) domain has been proposed. The technique is implemented using the popular double random phase encoding method in the fractional Fourier domain. The random phase masks (RPMs), integral orders of the RHT, fractional orders of FRT, and indices of the Jigsaw transform (JT) have been used as keys for encryption and decryption. Simulation results have been presented and the schematic representation for optical implementation has been proposed. The mean-square-error and signal-to-noise ratio between the decrypted image and the input image have been calculated for the correct as well as incorrect orders of the RHT. Effect of occlusion and noise on the performance of the proposed scheme has also been studied. The robustness of the technique has been verified against attack using partial windows of the correct random phase masks. Similar investigations have also been carried out for the chosen-, and the known-plain-text attacks.