两阶段抽样中位值-极差联合控制图

在统计质量控制中,通常利用中位值图和极差图来控制生产过程的均值和方差.建立了两阶段中位值和极差联合控制图,在第一阶段抽取一个样本进行检测,如果过程处于控制,就停止抽样,否则进行第二阶段抽样检测.文中将其与其他类型的中位值-极差联合控制图做了比较.结果表明,两阶段抽样控制图能更有效地检测生产过程的波动变化.     

可变参数的联合中位值和极差控制图

最近设计了可变样本容量和抽样区间的联合中位值$(\wt{x})$和极差$(R)$控制图$^{[1]}$, 本文利用Costa的可变参数控制图的方法$^{[2]}$, 设计包括可变控制限的可变参数的联合$\wt{x}$和$R$图(CVP $\wt{x}$--$R$图). 计算了在可变参数下发信号前的平均时间, 并同联合常规$\wt{x}$--$R$图(CFSSI图)和可变样本容量和抽样区间的联合$\wt{x}$--$R$图(CVSSI图)作比较, 所设计的控制图能较快地发现过程平均值和方差的小变化, 提高CVSSI图的效率     

带参数估计的极差控制图设计

现实中,过程参数常常未知,需由第Ⅰ阶段的受控样本数据估计得到.不同的第Ⅰ阶段样本数据集对应着目标参数的不同估计值,进而会导致不同的控制限与不同的控制图表现.对于某位实际工作人员而言,最可能的情况是他手里仅有一组第Ⅰ阶段数据集,因此研究在给定一组第Ⅰ阶段数据集下控制图的表现,即条件表现,更具实际意义.基于Monter Carlo模拟,研究了基于样本平均极差,样本平均标准差和样本合并标准差等3种参数估计形式下常见的等尾极差图和无偏极差图的条件平均链长分布,结果表明参数估计对控制图影响严重.为了弥补第Ⅰ阶段数据量的不足,基于bootstrap方法,提出了修正控制图以获得理想的条件受控表现.比较结果显示,基于样本合并标准差的估计方法更好,修正的无偏极差图表现优于相应的修正等尾极差图.     

样本数较少时的极值控制图

「１」中研究了样本数较少时中位值和极差控制图。本文研究样本数较少时极值控制图的制定方法，给出与极值有关的统计量的分布，建立极值图的控制限，极值图不需计算，有关集中和分散的信息在一个图上给出，且可画上规格限，在实践中应用方便，本文制定的极值控制可应用于小批量生产的生产过程。     

可变抽样区间的质量控制图

本文根据 Reynolds 等的可变抽样区间的(?)-图的模型设计具有可变区间的(?)和R-图.所设计的控制图是当中位值(?)或极差 R 接近于(但不超过)控制限时使用较短的抽样区间;当(?)和 R 接近于目标值(或中心值)时使用较长的区间.若(?)或 R 超出控制限,则与固定区间的控制图一样发出信号.我们要计算在可变抽样区间下发信号前的平均时间和平均样本数,并同固定区间的(?)和 R-图作比较.     

可变样本容量和抽样区间的联合和R控制图

作者在前文[1] 中研究了可变样本容量 (VSS)和抽样区间 (VSI)的中位值 (～x)和极差 (R)控制图 ,指明其功效均大于常规 (FSS)控制图。本文将前文的研究方法推广到联合 ～x 和R图 ,记作CVSSI～x -R图 ,它能更快地发现过程平均值和方差的变化 ,从而减少不合格品数     

可变样本容量和抽样区间的联合～x和R控制图

作者在前文（1）中研究了可变样本容量（VSS）和抽样区间（VSS）和抽样区间（VSI）的中位值（X^～)和极差（R）控制图，指明其功效均大于常规（FSS）控制图。本文将前文的研究方法推广到联合X^～和R图，记作CVSSIX^～-R图，它能更快地发现过程平均值和方差的变化，从而减少不合格品数。     

非对称极差控制图研究

本文针对现有的国家标准极差控制图的一些问题,在极差的统计性质的基础上,提出了非对称极差控制图的想法,并构造了三种不同的非对称极差控制图,分别给出了报警率达到0.27%时的上、下控制限系数,使得它们的控制限计算非常简便易行.本文给出了这三种非对称极差控制图的含义和各自的侧重点,并将它们与国家标准的极差控制图在对应检验的势函数以及平均运行长度两个方面进行了比较.使用这三种非对称极差控制图可以使真实报警率达到0.27%,远小于现有的国家标准极差控制图的真实报警率.无偏控制图由于具有了"无偏"这一优良性质,成为三张非对称控制图中最具吸引力的.     

非参数质量控制图——中位值图

质量控制图在制造工业中有广泛的应用 .传统的控制图是在正态总体的基础上制定的 . Janacek和Meikle(1 997)利用参考样本的观念制定的中位值控制图可应用于任何总体分布 .他们制定的中位值图保持传统控制图的形式 ,且有适度的功效 ,应用方便 .本文首先介绍这种控制图的制定方法 ,然后研究它的统计效率 ,并同传统的平均值图作比较     

可变样本容量和抽样区间的联合中位值和极差控制图

最近的理论研究表明具有可变样本容量(VSS)和可变抽样区间(VSI)的控制图比常规控制(FSSI)图能更快地揭露生产过程中的问题．本文将以前单个控制图的研究方法推广到联合中位值(x^-)和极差(R)控制图，记作CVSSIx^-—R图．假定过程处于控制状态的时间T服从负指数分布。利用Costa的马氏链方法设计CVSSIx^-—R图。并同联合常规(CFSSI)图作比较．所设计的CVSSI图较之CFSSI图能更快地发现过程平均值和方差的较小和中等的变化，从而减小不合格品数．     

基于粒子滤波的改进型单值控制图

针对高度复杂小批量生产环境下的统计过程控制问题,提出基于粒子滤波的改进型单值控制图。通过状态空间模型描述过程运行特征,并运用粒子滤波技术估计过程的运行状态,以状态粒子群的均值为对象,运用平均移动极差控制图对正态分布过程的漂移进行监控。研究结果表明,该方法是小批量生产过程质量控制的有效工具。     

联合监测过程位置参数和尺度参数的非参数Shewhart控制图

用于检测生产服务过程的传统控制图多数都假定过程的分布是已知的。这些控制困经常是在正态分布的假设下构建的,然而在服务质量实时监控中数据往往是非正态的。在这种情况下,基于正态分布假设的控制图的结果是不可靠的。为了解决这个问题,通常考虑非参数方法,因为在过程分布未知情况下,非参数控制图比参数图更加稳健有效。本文提出一个新的基于Van der Waerden和Klotz检验的Lepage型非参数Shewhart控制图(称为LPN图)用于同时检测未知连续过程分布的位置参数和尺度参数。文中给出了LPN图在不同参数下的控制限。依据运行长度分布的均值,方差和分位数,分析了LPN图在过程受控和失控时的性能,并与其他一些现有的非参数控制图进行比较。基于蒙特卡洛的模拟结果表明,LPN图对非正态分布具有很好的稳健性,并且在不同的过程分布下对检测位置参数和尺度参数,尤其对检测尺度参数的漂移都具有很好的性能。最后通过监控出租车服务质量说明LPN图在实际中的应用。     

�׶�II���ϼ�����λ�úͳ߶ȵķDz���EWMA����ͼ

??A single distribution-free (nonparametric) Phase II exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart based on the Cucconi statistic, referred to as the EWMA-Cucconi (EC) chart, is considered here for simultaneously monitoring shifts in the unknown location and scale parameters of a univariate continuous process. A comparison with some other existing nonparametric EWMA charts is presented in terms of the average, the standard deviation and some percentiles of the run length distribution. Numerical results based on Monte Carlo analysis show that the EC chart provides quite a satisfactory performance. The effect of the Phase I (reference) sample size on the IC performance of the EC chart is studied in detail. The application of the EC chart is illustrated by two real data examples.     

A Distribution-Free Phase II EWMA Control Chart for Joint Monitoring of Location and Scale

A single distribution-free (nonparametric) Phase II exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart based on the Cucconi statistic, referred to as the EWMA-Cucconi (EC) chart, is considered here for simultaneously monitoring shifts in the unknown location and scale parameters of a univariate continuous process. A comparison with some other existing nonparametric EWMA charts is presented in terms of the average, the standard deviation and some percentiles of the run length distribution. Numerical results based on Monte Carlo analysis show that the EC chart provides quite a satisfactory performance. The effect of the Phase I (reference) sample size on the IC performance of the EC chart is studied in detail. The application of the EC chart is illustrated by two real data examples.     

环上幂等Hermite矩阵的一个特征性质

本文证明了一类上幂等矩阵为Hermite矩阵的充要条件是Range A=RangeA.特别地给出了《美国数学月刊》1996年第4期上征解问题10519号的解答.     

Optimal np control chart with curtailment

This article presents an algorithm for the optimization design of the np control chart with curtailment. The objective is to maximize the effectiveness of the np chart, while holding the false alarm rate at a specified level and maintaining its simplicity for understanding and operation to a large degree. The optimization algorithm can be applied to a 100% inspection as well as a general random sampling inspection. The effectiveness of the chart is measured by the out-of-control average time to signal (ATS) under the steady-state mode. This mode allows a shift in fraction nonconforming, p, to occur at any time during the inspection of a sample and, therefore, provides more realistic results than the zero-state mode. According to several performance studies and an illustrative example that are conducted in this research, the optimal np chart with curtailment may reduce the out-of-control ATS by nearly half, on average, compared to the conventional np charts.     

高质量过程控制技术的比较研究与分析

随着质量改进活动的不断开展,现代制造过程中的不合格项在逐渐降低。在这种情况下,常规的休哈特型计数控制图往往是失效的。为了监控高质量的过程运行,一种方法是采用累计合格品计数(CCC)图;另一种方法是采用几何Q图,本文首先分析了这两种控制图的基本原理;进而以平均链长(ARL)和探测过程发生漂移的概率为准则,系统分析和比较了这两种控制图的性能,仿真结果表明,在大多数情况下,这两种控制图具有相似的性能;最后,通过实例说明了这两种控制图的应用,并给出了若干建议。     

A specialized branch & bound & cut for Single-Allocation Ordered Median Hub Location problems

The Single-Allocation Ordered Median Hub Location problem is a recent hub model introduced by Puerto et al. (2011) [32] that provides a unifying analysis of the class of hub location models. Indeed, considering ordered objective functions in hub location models is a powerful tool in modeling classic and alternative location paradigms, that can be applied with success to a large variety of problems providing new distribution patterns induced by the different users’ roles within the supply chain network. In this paper, we present a new formulation for the Single-Allocation Ordered Median Hub Location problem and a branch-and-bound-and-cut (B&B&Cut) based algorithm to solve optimally this model. A simple illustrative example is discussed to demonstrate the technique, and then a battery of test problems with data taken from the AP library are solved. The paper concludes that the proposed B&B&Cut approach performs well for small to medium sized problems.     

A generally weighted moving average control chart for monitoring the coefficient of variation

This paper proposes a generally weighted moving average control chart with adjusted time-varying control limits for monitoring the coefficient of variation of a normally distributed process variable. This control chart is constructed by combining the generally weighted moving average procedure with a resetting model.The implementation of the proposed chart is presented. Some numerical comparison of the proposed chart with several relevant competing control charts is performed. In general, as demonstrated by extensive simulation results, our chart is clearly more sensitive than other competing procedures for each combination of the in-control target value of the coefficient of variation, the sample size and the shift size. Detection examples are given for two industrial manufacturing processes to introduce the proposed control chart.     

Generalized Homotopy Approach to Multiobjective Optimization

This paper proposes a new generalized homotopy algorithm for the solution of multiobjective optimization problems with equality constraints. We consider the set of Pareto candidates as a differentiable manifold and construct a local chart which is fitted to the local geometry of this Pareto manifold. New Pareto candidates are generated by evaluating the local chart numerically. The method is capable of solving multiobjective optimization problems with an arbitrary number k of objectives, makes it possible to generate all types of Pareto optimal solutions, and is able to produce a homogeneous discretization of the Pareto set. The paper gives a necessary and sufficient condition for the set of Pareto candidates to form a (k-1)-dimensional differentiable manifold, provides the numerical details of the proposed algorithm, and applies the method to two multiobjective sample problems.