量子路径控制生成宽频软X射线连续辐射谱

数值研究了双色激光脉冲与一维氩原子相互作用的谐波发射功率谱.双色激光脉冲由800 nm和1600 nm的两束激光组成,脉冲持续时间为9.7 fs.计算结果表明,相对相位为π时,谐波截止频率从单色场情形的58 eV大幅度地展宽到316 eV,获得频宽为93 eV的软X射线连续辐射谱.此外,还采用短程的普薛耳－特勒势和长程的软化库仑势进行比对,数值结果表明该连续辐射谱的存在具有普适性.通过半经典的“三步”模型和时频分析小波变换方法对该连续辐射谱进行分析,发现其主要由单一的“短”量子路径生成,直接叠加频率从22 关键词： 红外双色激光脉冲 连续辐射谱 阿秒脉冲     

基于平衡光学互相关方法的超短脉冲激光相干合成技术

相干合成技术是超快光学领域的重要研究方向之一.当单路脉冲激光的连续谱超过一个倍频程时,精确控制其光谱相位(色散管理)是获得亚周期超短脉冲激光的关键.由于常见的脉冲压缩系统存在光谱带宽限制,因此多通道相干合成技术受到了广泛的关注.本文将充气空心光纤展宽后的超倍频程连续光谱分波段独立压缩,并利用平衡光学互相关方法锁定子脉冲之间的相位延迟,获得了4.1 fs的合成脉冲.实验结果表明相干合成技术在高能量亚周期超快光场调控中存在优势.     

Isolated attosecond pulse generation from atom radiated by a three-color laser pulse

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic and attosecond pulse generation from helium atom in a three-color laser field, which is synthesized by 10 fs/800 nm Ti-sapphire laser and a two-color field consisting of 30 fs/532 nm and30 fs/1330 nm pulses. Compared with harmonic spectrum generated by a monochromatic field, the harmonics generated from the synthesized three-color field show a supercontinuum spectrum with a bandwidth of 235 eV, ranging from the 154 th to the 306 th order harmonic. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that the ionization of atoms as well as motion of ionized electron can be effectively controlled in the three-color field. Therefore, an isolated 46-as pulse can be generated by superposing supercontinuum from the 160 th to the 210 th order harmonics.     

利用三色组合脉冲激光获得孤立阿秒脉冲发射

孤立阿秒脉冲因可以跟踪和控制原子及分子内电子的运动过程而备受关注.本文从理论上开展了氦原子在3束飞秒脉冲激光组合场辐照下产生的高次谐波和阿秒脉冲辐射的研究.组合激光场由16 fs/1600 nm,15 fs/1100 nm和5.3 fs/800 nm的钛宝石脉冲构成.与前两束脉冲合成的双色场产生谐波谱相比,附加钛宝石脉冲的三色场产生的高次谐波发射谱呈现出高转换效率及宽带超连续特性,超连续谱范围覆盖从230—690次谐波,傅里叶变换后实现了128 as高强度孤立短脉冲的产生.该结果归因于合成的三色场呈现出高功率及少周期的中红外飞秒脉冲激光特性,可以有效控制原子电离以及复合发生在中红外飞秒脉冲的一个有效光学周期内.     

Spectral broadening of femtosecond pulses in an nonlinear optical fiber amplifier

A promising method for the generation of a supercontinuum with a high spectral power density based on the spectral broadening of ultrashort pulses in a fiber amplifier is considered. The advantage of the method, as compared to the conventional way of the supercontinuum generation in a microstructure fiber, is a lower pulse spectral broadening rate, which allows one to achieve higher SC spectral power densities. The initial stage of the supercontinuum generation in an ytterbium fiber amplifier (a fiber core diameter of 7 μm) with side pumping from an array of laser diodes with a total power of 8 W at a wavelength of 976 nm is experimentally studied. Yb:KYW laser pulses with a duration of 250 fs, a central wavelength of 1046 nm, and an average power of 150 mW have been supplied to the input of the amplifier. In this case spectrally broadened radiation with an average spectral power density of higher than 65 mW/nm and a spectrum width of 50 nm has been obtained.     

双色光场驱动产生单个阿秒脉冲过程中的宏观效应

通过数值模拟三维传播方程研究了双色场产生高次谐波过程中宏观效应的影响,重点分析了阿秒脉冲的时域形状.在6 fs/800 nm和21.3 fs/400 nm组成的双色场中,通过调节双色场间的相对延时,双色场各焦点相对于气体盒子入口的间距和双色场束腰半径和气体压强等参数,可以在平台区得到超宽带连续谱.对该连续谱中420—540 eV的谐波直接进行滤波后可以得到时间同步性很好的单个阿秒脉冲.这种性质对实验上通过双色场方案产生超短的阿秒脉冲非常有利. 关键词： 传播效应 阿秒脉冲 时间同步性     

Supercontinuum generation with femtosecond optical pulse compression in silicon photonic crystal fibers at 2500 nm

In this paper, femtosecond optical pulses compression and supercontinuum generation in a triangular silicon photonic crystal fiber at 2500 nm are investigated. A region of large minimum anomalous group velocity dispersion, negligible higher order dispersions and unique nonlinearity of silicon are used to demonstrate compression of 100 fs initial input optical pulses to 2.5 fs and ultra-broadband supercontinuum generation with very low input pulse energy over short distances of the fiber.     

双色场驱动不对称分子气体产生平台区超连续光谱

研究了双色场驱动下不对称分子气体产生的高次谐波. 通过计算机数值模拟,发现当波长为800 nm,脉宽为10 fs的基频场和波长为1200 nm的控制场组成的多光周期双色场作用于不对称分子时,不对称分子的高次谐波在平台区的末端呈现出超连续结构. 超连续谱谱宽达80 eV,可以支持傅里叶极限脉宽为50 as的脉冲输出. 传播后,超连续谱变得更平滑,而且,直接选取超连续谱上的一段,可以得到脉宽约为90 as的单个脉冲输出. 关键词： 超连续谱 阿秒脉冲     

Compression of long-cavity Ti:sapphire oscillator pulses with large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers

Motivated by the pulse compression challenge of novel long-cavity, high-pulse-energy Ti:sapphire laser oscillators, we report on ~280 nm supercontinuum generation and 4.5-times compression of close to transform limited, high-energy oscillator pulses using different large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers and standard chirped mirrors. As input, we used pulses of a long-cavity Ti:sapphire oscillator with 190 nJ pulse energy, 70 fs pulse length and 3.6 MHz repetition rate. Compressed pulses at the fiber/compressor output had a duration of 15–18 fs with up to 100 nJ pulse energy representing as much as 53 % throughput for the fiber/chirped mirror system. Using transform-limited input pulses, we could use short fiber pieces and thus a simple, low-dispersion chirped mirror compressor comprised of one pair of mirrors.     

光子晶体光纤超连续谱产生的实验研究

报道了利用掺钛蓝宝石飞秒激光器产生重复频率为80MHz,脉宽为10fs的超短激光脉冲在10cm长光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱的实验,获得展宽范围为450nm到1100nm的连续谱。实验中观察到孤子自频移和高阶孤子分裂现象,非孤子辐射与随后光谱向短波方向的拓展有密切关系。     

Supercontinuum generated in calcite with chirped femtosecond pulses

Effects of pulse chirping on the dynamic of supercontinuum (SC) spectra generated by femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm in calcite are studied. When an 80 fs laser pulse is stretched to more then 130 fs by introducing positive or negative chirp, a strong and sharp spectral peak in the blue wing of the SC spectra is generated. The wavelength of this spectral peak is tuned by introducing chirp and pulse energy.     

Chirped pulse amplification in single mode Tm:fiber using a chirped Bragg grating

We report femtosecond pulse generation and chirped pulse amplification in Tm:fiber. A mode-locked oscillator operating in the soliton regime produced 800 fs pulses with 5 nm spectral bandwidth, at 40 pJ pulse energy. This oscillator seeded a pre-amplifier that utilizes a Raman soliton self-frequency shift to produce wavelength tunable pulses with 3 nJ energy, reduced pulse duration of 150 fs, and increased bandwidth of 30 nm. For further amplification, the pulses were stretched up to 160 ps using a chirped Bragg grating (CBG). Stretched pulses were amplified to 85 nJ after compression in single-mode Tm:fiber and recompressed with the CBG as short as 400 fs. Compressed pulses were coupled into a highly nonlinear tellurite fiber to investigate the potential of this ultrashort pulse 2-μm fiber source as a pump for mid-IR supercontinuum generation.     

基于固体薄片超连续飞秒光源驱动的高次谐波产生实验

本文报道了采用基于熔石英薄片超连续的少周期飞秒光源驱动高次谐波产生的实验研究.实验中通过将重复频率1kHz的飞秒钛宝石激光放大器所输出的能量0.8mJ、脉宽30fs的脉冲聚焦到7片0.1mm厚的熔融石英片中,得到了覆盖带宽大于倍频程的展宽光谱.利用啁啾镜补偿色散后,经瞬态光栅频率分辨光学开关法测得脉宽为6.3fs,对应约2.3个光学周期.利用压缩后的激光脉冲聚焦作用于惰性气体,并通过调节尖劈插入量改变脉宽,分别测得了分立以及连续的高次谐波截止区信号,结果与6.3fs的脉冲宽度相符合.     

Efficient spectral conversion and temporal compression of femtosecond pulses in SF6

An uniquely high conversion efficiency of fundamental radiation from a Ti:sapphire laser to a supercontinuum is achieved through filamentary propagation in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) to generate a uniform over-octave spectrum. Two different parts of the supercontinuum, firstly around the fundamental wavelength of 800?nm and secondly within the newly generated frequency range around 550?nm, are shown to be compressible down to minimal pulse duration of about 10?fs demonstrating a potential of the method for single-cycle pulses generation.     

阿秒电离门调控宽带超连续谱的传播特性

通过数值模拟三维传播方程研究了双色场阿秒电离门技术调控产生高次谐波的传播特性. 发现波长800和400 nm的5 fs双色场电离门调控产生的谐波在传播0.5 mm后由于短轨道满足相位匹配条件,实现了短轨道的选择,在平台区得到了高效率、无调制的宽带超连续谱（谱宽达80 eV）. 模拟不同传播距离的结果表明该连续谱能够在介质中稳定存在. 对该连续谱中60—90 eV的谐波直接进行滤波可以得到高效率、脉冲宽度约为135 as的单脉冲. 这种性质对实验上实现利用阿秒电离门调控产生高效率宽谱单阿秒非常有利. 关键词： 传播效应 阿秒脉冲 超连续谱     

飞秒激光在光子晶体光纤中产生超连续光谱机制的实验研究

报道了利用零色散在780nm处的光子晶体光纤与纳焦耳量级的飞秒激光脉冲相互作用的实验结果.实验使用35fs，中心波长810—840nm，单脉冲能量可达14nJ的飞秒激光光源获得了超过一个倍频程的平坦超连续光谱（500—1100nm）.在不同功率、不同中心波长、不同啁啾和有无直流成分的多种飞秒脉冲激光的条件下，研究了超连续光谱的产生情况.并对一系列现象进行了对比，分析了超连续光谱产生的机制. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 飞秒脉冲激光 超连续光谱     

中红外偏振态门驱动产生高效的极宽超连续谱

研究了在中红外偏振态门驱动下高效产生极宽超连续谱的过程.利用波长为2000 nm的偏振态门激光场可以将电子的回复控制在半个光周期内,并且将谐波谱的截止区拓展到270 eV.在偏振态门中加入0.5 fs的紫外控制脉冲,可以对谐波的电离过程进行控制,把谐波的强度提高了4—5个数量级,并得到了谱宽为240 eV的极宽超连续谱.该极宽超连续谱在傅里叶变换极限下支持脉宽仅为16 as的单个脉冲的产生.通过过滤超连续谱中不同次数的谐波,可以得到一系列波长可调的110 as的高强度单脉冲. 关键词： 高次谐波 阿秒 偏振态门 超连续谱     

Tunable sub-100 femtosecond dye-laser pulses generated with a nanosecond pulsed pumping

Subpicosecond pulses at a fixed wavelength produced with a low-Q cavity dye laser pumped by a single, nanosecond laser (Q-switched Nd:YAG) are converted into tunable high-power sub-100 femtosecond pulses by generation, spectral selection, amplification and compression of a supercontinuum. The tunable, chirped, high-energy pulses obtained are compressed with a prism pair. Energies up to 50 J in sub-100 fs pulses were obtained in the 540 to 650 nm range using 40 mJ of the Nd: YAG-laser pumping pulses at 532 nm. The whole sub-100 fs system including the low-Q dye laser uses only one Nd:YAG laser as a pump source.     

正交偏振双色激光场作用下生成的孤立阿秒脉冲

我们理论研究了正交偏振双色激光场作用下的高次谐波发射和孤立阿秒脉冲的产生.当y方向加一束中红外激光脉冲(12.5 fs/2000 nm),x方向加一束强度较弱的激光脉冲(12 fs/800 nm)时,我们得到从250 eV到350 eV的超连续谐波平台,在平台范围内叠加50 eV的谐波,可以得到一个脉宽约为97as的孤立阿秒脉冲. 通过时频分析,我们解释了高次谐波发射的物理机制.     

Generation of an isolated sub-100 attosecond pulse in the water-window spectral region

We propose a scheme to generate isolated attosecond pulses in the water-window spectral region. Based on the numerical solutions of the single active electron model, we investigate high-order harmonic generation in helium atoms driven by a multi-cycle two-colour optical field synthesized by an intense 2000 nm, 20 fs pulse and its frequency-doubled pulse. When the latter is slightly detuned and properly phase shifted with respect to the fundamental laser pulse, an ultra-broad extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum with a spectral width of 130~eV can be generated in the 270--400~eV spectral regions. A supercontinuum from 280--340~eV in the water window can be selected to yield an isolated 67 attosecond pulse without employing any phase compensation. This water window coherent x-ray pulse with less than 100 attosecond duration is a potential tool for studying the ultrafast electronic dynamics of biological samples in water.