O(3P)+HBr(DBr)反应的含时量子散射计算

基于LEPS势能面, 用三维含时量子波包法对O(³P)+HBr(DBr)反应进行了准确的动力学计算. 计算的结果表明, 振动激发对这个反应是有效的, 而转动激发在某一能量范围内具有方位效应. 计算得到了该反应的速率常数和反应截面, 速率常数kO+HBr的计算值同实验值符合得很好. 通过对相应结果的对比, 可以发现这个反应具有比较明显的同位素效应.     

H2O(HOD) + Cl→HCl(DCl) + OH(OD)反应动态学的理论研究

用从头算方法, 获得了H2O + Cl→HCl + OH(R1), HOD +Cl→DCl + OH(R2), HOD + Cl→HCl + OD(R3)反应的内禀反应坐标(IRC)。根据传统过渡态、变分过渡态理论及相应的隧道效应校正, 计算了反应的速率常数。对已有实验速率常数值的R1反应, 我们计算的结果和实验一致。根据Truhlar的振动选态公式, 分别讨论了激发HOD中OH, OD振动模式对反应速率的影响,得到激发HOD中的OH振动模式将有利于产物OD + HCl生成, 和实验的结论相一致。     

Br+CH3S(O)CH3反应机理的直接动力学研究

采用直接动力学的方法，对多通道反应体系Br＋CH3S（O）CH3进行了理论研究．在BH＆H-LYP／6-311G（2d，2p）水平下获得了优化几何构型、频率及最小能量路径（MEP），能量信息的进一步确认在MC-QCISD（单点）水平下完成．利用正则变分过渡态理论，结合小曲率隧道效应校正（CVT／SCT）方法计算了该反应的两个可行的反应通道在200K～2000K温度范围内的速率常数．在整个反应区间内，生成HBr的反应通道与生成CHa的反应通道存在着竞争，前者是主反应通道，后者是次反应通道．变分效应和小曲率隧道效应对反应速率常数的计算影响都很小．理论计算得到的两个反应通道的反应速率常数与实验值符合得很好．     

反应(Cl+HBr→HCl+Br和Cl+HBr→BrCl+H)机理和速率的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,在6-311G**基组下,计算研究了反应Cl+HBr→HCl+Br和Cl+HBr→BrCl+H的机理,求得的各过渡态均通过振动分析加以确认.运用求得的反应活化能,以及不同温度下过渡态和反应络合物的配分函数,借助绝对反应速率理论求得50～1500K的反应速率常数.     

氢抽提反应CHBr2+HBr→CH2Br2+Br的直接动力学研究

采用直接动力学方法,对CHBr2+HBr→CH2Br2+Br反应通道进行了理论研究,在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)水平下获得了优化几何构型、频率以及最小能量路径,更精确的单点能在B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2pd)水平下完成.利用正则变分过渡态理论,结合小曲率隧道效应校正方法计算了反应通道在220 K～2 000 K温度范围内的速率常数.在整个反应区间,隧道效应对反应的影响比较大;变分效应在低温时有一定的影响,在高温区间的影响很小可以忽略.计算得到的速率常数和已有实验值很好地吻合.     

O(3P)与卤代甲基反应的理论研究--Ⅰ.O(3P)+CH2Cl的反应机理

用量子化学从头算法对氧原子与CH2 Cl自由基的反应进行了研究 ,采用G2MP2方法计算了势能面上各驻点的构型参数、振动频率和能量 .给出了O( 3 P)与CH2 Cl反应的明确机理 .反应首先形成富能中间体OCH2 Cl,而后经各种复杂的解离或异构化途径生成产物 .计算的各个通道的反应热与实验结果相符 ,预测H CHClO和Cl CH2 O是反应的主要通道 .根据从头算的结果 ,用过渡态理论计算了反应的总速率常数 .反应速率常数与压力无关 ,在低温下有弱的负温度效应 .计算值与实验值符合很好 .     

HNCS与CH2(X2Π)反应微观动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP/6-311+G**方法和高级电子相关的UQCISD(T)/6-311+G**方法研究了异硫氰酸(HNCS)与乙炔基自由基(C2H(X2Π))反应的微观机理. 采用双水平直接动力学方法IVTST-M, 获取反应的势能面信息, 应用正则变分过渡态理论并考虑小曲率隧道效应, 计算了在250～2500 K温度范围内反应的速率常数. 研究结果表明, HNCS与C2H(X2Π)反应为多通道、多步骤的复杂反应, 共存在三个可能的反应通道, 主反应通道为通过分子间H原子迁移, 生成主要产物NCS+C2H2. 反应速率常数随温度升高而增大, 表现为正温度效应. 速率常数计算中变分效果很小. 在低温区隧道效应对反应速率的贡献较大, 反应为放热反应.     

HNCS与C_2H(X~2Π)反应微观动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP/6-311 G鄢鄢方法和高级电子相关的UQCISD(T)/6-311 G鄢鄢方法研究了异硫氰酸(HNCS)与乙炔基自由基(C2H(X2Π))反应的微观机理.采用双水平直接动力学方法IVTST-M,获取反应的势能面信息,应用正则变分过渡态理论并考虑小曲率隧道效应,计算了在250～2500K温度范围内反应的速率常数.研究结果表明,HNCS与C2H(X2Π)反应为多通道、多步骤的复杂反应,共存在三个可能的反应通道,主反应通道为通过分子间H原子迁移,生成主要产物NCS C2H2.反应速率常数随温度升高而增大,表现为正温度效应.速率常数计算中变分效果很小.在低温区隧道效应对反应速率的贡献较大,反应为放热反应.     

CF_2ClC(O)OCH_2CH_3+OH的反应机理及动力学性质的理论研究

利用双水平直接动力学方法,在MCG3-MPWB//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ水平上研究了CF_2ClC(0)OCH_2CH_3+OH的微观反应机理.得到了反应物CF_2ClC(O)OCH_2CH_3的5种稳定构象(RCl~RC5),并对每一构象考察了发生在-CH_3-和-CH_2-基团上的所有可能氢提取反应通道.利用改进的变分过渡态理论(ICVT)结合小曲率隧道效应校正(SCT)计算了各反应通道的速率常数,分析了各构象反应位点选择性.结果表明,对于构象RCl和RC2,低温时氢提取反应主要发生在-CH_2-基团上;而对于构象RC3RC4和RC5,发生在-CH_3基团上的氢提取反应通道在整个温度区间内占绝对优势.根据Boltzmann配分函数计算总包反应速率常数,在298 K温度下计算的体系总包反应速率常数与实验值相符,进而给出200~1000 K温度范围内拟合了速率常数的三参数Arrhenius表达式:k_(overall)=5.45×10~(25)T~(4.54)exp(-685/T).     

CH~2(^3B~1)+H~2→CH~3+H的反应途径及动态理论研究

用从头算的UHF/6-31G方法,反应途径哈密顿理论以及变分过渡态理论, 计算了反应CH~2(^3B~1)+H~2→CH~3+H的反应途径.沿反应途径的动态学性质和正则变分过渡态理论的速率常数,用变分过渡态方法处理效果明显;较低温度下考虑隧道效应更重要,而用小曲率近似的校正是有效的;H~2 分子的振动激发对反应速率常数有较大增进.     

Quasiclassical trajectory study of the reaction O(3P) + HI → OH + I

Three-dimensional quasiclassical trajectory calculations were carried out for the reaction of oxygen atoms O(³P) with hydrogen iodide molecules (HI and DI) for the temperature range 200–550 K, using a LEPS potential-energy surface. The calculated results include reaction cross sections, rate constants, kinetic isotope effects, the influence of vibrational and rotational excitation of the reactants on the dynamics, and the product energy partitioning and angular distribution. The calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental results. The dynamics of the O + HI reaction is discussed in view of the associated mass combination H + LH′ (H and H′ are heavy atoms and L is a light atom), and in relation to earlier trajectory results for the reactions O + HCl and O + HBr.     

Vibrational excitation and relaxation of HBr(V = 2) state

Vibrational fluorescence from the V = 2 to the V = 1 state is observed following excitation by a pulsed HBr chemical laser. The time dependence of the fluorescence is used to determine the rate of near-resonant vibration-to-vibration energy transfer, HBr(V = 1) + HBr(V = 1) ? HBr(V = 2) + HBr(V = 0) + δE = 90 cm⁻¹. The cross section for this reacti     

Reaction of vibrationally excited HBr and I

The rate of the reaction HBr(ν) + I → HI + Br increases by at least a factor of 10⁹ when HBr(ν=0) is excited to HBr(ν 2). The increase is observed when the reacting level is directly excited by sequential laser excitation or when it is populated by collisional excitation. Bromine isotopic enrichment in BrI, the product of a subsequent reaction, was observed after isotopically selective excitation.     

Theoretical study on the rate constants for the C2H5 + HBr --> C2H6 + Br reaction

The reaction C(2)H(5) + HBr --> C(2)H(6) + Br has been theoretically studied over the temperature range from 200 to 1400 K. The electronic structure information is calculated at the BHLYP/6-311+G(d,p) and QCISD/6-31+G(d) levels. With the aid of intrinsic reaction coordinate theory, the minimum energy paths (MEPs) are obtained at the both levels, and the energies along the MEP are further refined by performing the single-point calculations at the PMP4(SDTQ)/6-311+G(3df,2p)//BHLYP and QCISD(T)/6-311++G(2df,2pd)//QCISD levels. The calculated ICVT/SCT rate constants are in good agreement with available experimental values, and the calculate results further indicate that the C(2)H(5) + HBr reaction has negative temperature dependence at T < 850 K, but clearly shows positive temperature dependence at T > 850 K. The current work predicts that the kinetic isotope effect for the title reaction is inverse in the temperature range from 200 to 482 K, i.e., k(HBr)/k(DBr) < 1.     

六氟化铀与卤化氢气体的反应动力学研究

研究了UF6+HX(HX=HCl, HBr和HI)反应动力学, 结果显示,UF6+HX反应速率随着HCl-HBr-HI次序增加, 在室温下它们的反应速率常数分别为2.32×10^-^6, 6.43×10^-^4, 5.89×10^-^3s^-^1.Pa^-^1。UF6+HCl和UF6+HBr反应的表观活化能分别为11.29和4.18kj/mol。以上反应速率依次增加, 表出活化能依次减小的趋向与HX的键能以HCl-HBr-HI次序减小相符合。     

Quantum Wave Packet Studies on F ＋ HBr Reaction

IntroductionA series of reactions of fluorine atoms with hydro-gen halidesF HCl HF Cl (1)(ΔH—00=-137·10 kJ/mol)F HBr HF Br (2)(ΔH—00=-202·73 kJ/mol)F HI HF I (3)(ΔH—00= -270·45 kJ/mol)belongs to the prototypical heavy-light-heavy reactionsa     

Kinetics of manganese(III) acetate in acetic acid: generation of Mn(III) with Co(III), Ce(IV), and dibromide radicals; reactions of Mn(III) with Mn(II), Co(II), hydrogen bromide,and alkali bromides

The reaction of cobalt(III) acetate with excess manganese(II) acetate in acetic acid occurs in two stages, since the two forms Co(IIIc) and Co(IIIs) are not rapidly equilibrated and thus react independently. The rate constants at 24.5 degrees C are kc = 37.1 +/- 0.6 L mol-1 s-1 and ks = 6.8 +/- 0.2 L mol-1 s-1 at 24.5 degrees C in glacial acetic acid. The Mn(III) produced forms a dinuclear complex with the excess of Mn(II). This was studied independently and is characterized by the rate constant (3.43 +/- 0.01) x 10(2) L mol-1 s-1 at 24.5 degrees C. A similar interaction between Mn(III) and Co(II) is substantially slower, with k = (3.73 +/- 0.05) x 10(-1) L mol-1 s-1 at 24.5 degrees C. Mn(II) is also oxidized by Ce(IV), according to the rate law -d[Ce(IV)]/dt = k[Mn(II)]2[Ce(IV)], where k = (6.0 +/- 0.2) x 10(4) L2 mol-2 s-1. The reaction between Mn(II) and HBr2., believed to be involved in the mechanism by which Mn(III) oxidizes HBr, was studied by laser photolysis; the rate constant is (1.48 +/- 0.04) x 10(8) L mol-1 s-1 at approximately 23 degrees C in HOAc. Oxidation of Co(II) by HBr2. has the rate constant (3.0 +/- 0.1) x 10(7) L mol-1 s-1. The oxidation of HBr by Mn(III) is second order with respect to [HBr]; k = (4.10 +/- 0.08) x 10(5) L2 mol-2 s-1 at 4.5 degrees C in 10% aqueous HOAc. Similar reactions with alkali metal bromides were studied; their rate constants are 17-23 times smaller. This noncomplementary reaction is believed to follow that rate law so that HBr2. and not Br. (higher in Gibbs energy by 0.3 V) can serve as the intermediate. The analysis of the reaction steps then requires that the oxidation of HBr2. to Br2 by Mn(III) be diffusion controlled, which is consistent with the driving force and seemingly minor reorganization.     

Quantum scattering calculation of the O(1D)+HBr reaction

Three-dimensional time-dependent quantum wave packet calculation for the O((1)D)+HBr reaction has been carried out using an accurate ab initio global potential energy surface [K. A. Peterson, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 4598 (2000)]. The calculations show that the initial state-selected reaction probabilities are dominated by resonance structures, and the lifetime of the resonance is generally in the subpicosecond time scale. The energy dependence of the reaction cross section is computed, which manifests still resonance structures, and is a decreasing function of the translational energy. The thermal rate constants are also computed, which are nearly independent on the temperature. The calculation results are discussed and compared to similar reaction with deep well.