碳酸丙烯酯分子凝胶电解质的电化学行为

碳酸丙烯酯 (PC)在凝胶因子 4 ,4′ 二 (硬脂酰胺基 )二苯醚 (BSDE)的作用下形成分子凝胶。交流阻抗法研究发现 ,含二 (三氟甲基磺酰 )亚胺锂 (LiTFSI)的PC分子凝胶在室温下的电导率达 5 .5 6× 1 0 -3 S·cm-1 。在较低温度下 (≥ - 35℃ ) ,温度对分子凝胶电导率的影响比其溶液电解质的影响大。在 - 35℃时 ,含LiTFSI的PC分子凝胶的电导率为 5 .91× 1 0 -5S·cm-1 。以不锈钢电极为工作电极 ,锂电极为参比电极 ,用循环伏安法 ,测定PC分子凝胶电解质体系的电化学稳定窗口为 0 .0～ 4 .7V。     

化学交联聚乙烯醇改性纤维素碱性阴离子交换复合膜的制备与性能

高稳定性碱性阴离子交换膜的制备已成为碱性固体电解质膜研究领域的一大热点.本文通过聚乙烯醇化学交联改性制备出了季铵化羟乙基乙氧基纤维素碱性阴离子交换膜（PVA/QHECE）.采用傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱、热重（TG）分析、交流（AC）阻抗等方法考察了复合膜的分子结构、热稳定性、耐碱稳定性及离子电导率等性能.详尽考察了交联时间、交联剂含量、聚合物组成对成膜力学强度、含水率以及OH^-电导率的影响.实验结果表明:随着交联时间的增加,膜的溶胀率降低,力学强度随之增强,而离子电导率随膜含水率的降低没有发生明显变化,室温下OH^-的电导率在3.26×10^-4-4.44×10^-4S·cm^-1范围内变化.热重分析结果显示:掺入42.9%的QHECE时,膜的热分解温度达260℃.此外,将PVA/QHECE膜在6 mol·L^-4 KOH浓碱溶液中80℃浸渍处理168 h,膜的电导率从4.90×10^-4S·cm^-1提高到9.68×10^-4S·cm^-1,而膜的外观和力学强度以及含水率未发生明显变化,这一结果表明该膜具有很好的耐碱化学稳定性,有望作为一种新型的碱性燃料电池用离子交换膜.     

基于自催化策略原位构建高性能锂电池用凝胶电解质

凝胶聚合物电解质作为一种高锂离子传导效率的聚合物电解质而备受关注。然而，制备凝胶聚合物电解质的过程仍存在催化剂难以脱除、流程繁琐等问题。在本工作中，采用离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(BMIMBF₄)中潜在的Lewis酸诱导乙烯基醚类单体发生阳离子聚合的策略，探究出一种在电池内部原位构建高性能凝胶聚合物电解质的方法。BMIMBF₄的引入提升了凝胶聚合物电解质的电导率和电化学稳定性，基于该凝胶聚合物电解质的锂对称电池能在0.1 mA·cm^-2电流密度下循环500 h。由该凝胶聚合物电解质原位组装的全电池以1 C的倍率进行恒流充放电，循环100圈后容量保持率为90%;即使在10 C的高倍率下时，电池的放电比容量仍能保持在67.5 mAh·g^-1。该自催化策略为凝胶聚合物电解质的快速构建提供了新的思路。     

锂在嵌入物LixTio2中的扩散行为

本文利用电化学方法测定了薄膜电极Li_xTiO₂中锂离子的化学扩散系数,室温下其数量级为10^-11～10^-12cm²·S^-1(x=0.10～0.20)。通过₄-T关系,测得其扩散激活能E≈0.59eV,频率因子₀≈O.54cm²·s^-1.故其一般式可表为:₄=O.54exp(-6785/T)cm²·s^-1(t=15～50℃).利用D₄值和库仑滴定曲线测得了Li⁺在Li_xTiO₂薄膜电极中的迁移率和电导率分别为10^-10cm²·V^-1·s^-1和10^-7～10^-8Ω^-1·cm^-1数量级。比较了Li_xTiO₂体系与其他锂嵌入物的₄值,发现其与隧道化合物Li_xWO₃的₄值相近,而比层状化合物Li_xTiS₂的₄值小3～4个数量级。D₄值较大的嵌入物在作为锂电池的正极时,可以经受较大的充放电流。     

以脲和硫脲为主体的高分子固体电解质的研究

研制了一种以脲和硫脲为主体的固体电解质,其室温电导率可达到6.84×10^-3S·cm^-1,分析了影响该电解质电导率的因素.初步确定该物质为一种不定型固熔体,导电机理是硫脲转化为硫氰酸铵,硫氰酸铵电离导电.     

锂金属电池用三维半互穿网络聚合物电解质的制备

锂金属电池作为下一代高比能量电池技术受到人们越来越广泛的关注。然而由锂枝晶生长引发的安全问题是锂金属电池商业化面临的最大挑战之一。具有高锂离子迁移数和离子电导率的聚合物电解质是抑制锂枝晶生长的重要策略之一。本文将季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯和自由基引发剂AIBN添加至商业化电解液中,采用具有单离子传导功能的多孔聚合物电解质为锂金属电池的电解质隔膜,通过在电池内部发生热诱导原位聚合制备三维半互穿网络单离子传导聚合物电解质,达到提高电解质隔膜离子电导率和机械拉伸性能,以及有效抑制锂枝晶生长的目的。通过该策略的实施,成功获得了室温离子电导率0.53 mS·cm^-1和锂离子迁移数0.65的良好结果。应用于锂金属电池,证明该电解质能够有效抑制锂枝晶的生长和倍率性能的提高,为锂金属电池的开发提供了良好的解决路径。     

三维结构Li6.28La3Zr2Al0.24O12增强聚氧化乙烯基固态电解质的性能研究

通过牺牲模板法制备了一种三维框架Li_6.28La₃Zr₂Al_0.24O₁₂(3D-LLZAO)无机电解质,并将其用于构建聚氧化乙烯(PEO)基复合固态电解质膜.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等物理表征及电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、线性扫描伏安(LSV)和充放电循环等电化学测试方法研究了PEO基固态电解质的性能.结果表明加入10%(w) 3D-LLZAO的PEO基复合固态电解质CPE-10具有较小的体电阻、较宽的电化学稳定窗口.复合电解质CPE-10室温下离子电导率为1.58×10-4 S·cm^-1,锂离子迁移数为0.26.利用复合固态电解质组装的锂锂对称电池可在室温下0.05 mA·cm^-2的电流密度条件下稳定循环1600 h.以磷酸铁锂(LFP)为正极组装的LFP/CPE-10/Li电池在0.5 C倍率下初始放电比容量为155.6m Ah·g^-1,循环100次后容量保持率为86%.     

聚电解质电性能的研究

用PJ-356型动电容静电计直流法,测定了一系列不同固体聚电解质的电导率,其电导率一般在10^-8到10^-12(欧姆·厘米)^-1范围.阐明了分子量不同、温度不同、聚甲基丙烯酸锂、钠、钾离子半径不同及聚电解质侧链长短不同对电导率的影响.     

离子液体嵌段共聚物的合成及其离子传导性

采用可逆加成 断裂链转移自由基聚合法(RAFT)合成了三嵌段共聚物聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯-b-聚对氯甲基苯乙烯-b-聚苯乙烯（PBMA₆₉-b-PVBC⁹²-b-PS₃₄₅, PDI=1.5）;PBMA₆₉-b-PVBC⁹²-b-PS₃₄₅经N-甲基咪唑季铵化后与锂离子盐发生离子交换，两步分别制得两种离子液体嵌段共聚物PBMA-b-PVBMImCl-b-PS和PBMA-b-PVBMImTFSI-b-PS，其结构经¹H NMR, FT-IR和GPC确证。采用交流阻抗研究了两种离子液体嵌段共聚物的导电性能。结果表明：PBMA-b-PVBMImCl-b-PS和PBMA-b-PVBMImTFSI-b-PS的离子电导率分别为6.0×10^-4S·cm^-1和1.6×10^-3S·cm^-1。     

四芳基卟啉锰配离子的TCNQ电荷转移盐的合成和物理性质

合成了13个四芳基卟啉锰配离子的TCNQ电荷转移盐[TAPMn][TCNQ]_n(TAPH₂=α,β,γ,δ-四芳基卟啉;A=C₆H₅,4-CH₃C₆H₄,4-CH₃OC₆H₄,4-ClC₆H₄,3-ClC₆H₄,3-FC₆H₄,4-(CH₃)₂NC₆H₄,2,4-Cl₂C₆H₃;TCNQ=7,7,8,8-四氰基对苯醌二甲烷;n=1,2).通过元素分析、IR、XPS、ESR、磁化率和电导率对其进行了表征.结果表明:这些电荷转移盐分子中存在TCNQ⁰和TCNQ^-,且TCNQ⁰和TCNQ^-之间存在相互作用,部分电荷从[TCNQ]_n^-向[TAPMn]⁺转移,导致化合物中的锰表现为混合价态.复合盐的室温电导率在10^-7～10^-10S·cm^-1,属于有机半导体,简单盐的室温电导率小于10^-11S·cm^-1.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.