热氧化制备的钯氧化物电极的组成与pH敏感性能

用钯氧化物电极作pH敏感元件已引起人们的兴趣^[1～3],但对其性能及其与制备条件的关系仍缺乏了解。本文着重讨论热氧化制备的钯氧化物电极的组成和pH敏感性能同氧化温度的关系。     

Palladium Deposition on Pt Surface by Reduction of Pd2+ Ions with Organic Substances

It has been demonstrated that Pd²⁺ ions can be reduced onto Pt surface in the presence of organic materials but only at a very low Cl^– ion activity. Unlike rhenium deposition, Pd deposition may proceed after the formation of an adsorbed Pd monolayer and bulk deposits are formed on the Pt surface.     

硅量子点支撑钯纳米粒子的可控制备

采用微乳法制备烯丙胺修饰的硅量子点(Si QDs),通过紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱和红外光谱对其光学性能进行了表征,通过透射电镜(TEM)对其形貌进行了表征,测得其荧光量子产率为10.06%,荧光寿命τ1=3.1982ns,τ2=12.4527ns。依据Si QDs的光学性质,制备了Si QDs支撑Pd纳米粒子材料(Si QDs/Pd)。通过量子点的浓度实现了Pd纳米粒子形貌和尺寸的有效控制。结果表明制备的Pd纳米材料具有较好的分散性,在有机催化和能源转化领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

四甲基-四乙基钯卟啉的表面光伏特性研究

合成了1,3,5,7-四甲基-2,4,6,8-四乙基卟啉(TMTEP)及其钯络合物(PdTMTEP),并利用表面光电压谱(SPS)和场诱导表面光电压谱(FISPS)技术对它们的表面光伏特性进行了研究.TMTEP有较强的荧光发射,而PdTMTEP以磷光辐射为主,其光伏响应强度比TMTEP的强得多;在外电场诱导下,PdTMTEP的Soret带与Q带的光伏响应强度随外加正电场光伏响应强度的增加而增强,随外加负电场光伏响应强度的增加而减弱,并且在680,750nm处出现两个新的光伏响应带,这两个光伏响应带与极化子跃迁有关.     

壳聚糖钯催化Heck反应合成肉桂酸丁酯的研究

以天然高分子壳聚糖为载体,制得了用于Heck反应的壳聚糖钯配合物多相催化剂,用XPS对其结构进行了表征,并利用正交实验方法考察了原料配比、缚酸剂三乙胺的用量、反应温度、反应时间和催化剂的用量对碘代苯与丙烯酸丁酯Heck反应的影响.结果表明:反应因素的影响大小为:反应温度>原料配比>三乙胺用量>催化剂的用量>反应时间;在最佳的反应条件下:碘代苯与丙烯酸丁酯的摩尔比为1∶1、三乙胺9mmol、催化剂0.1g(钯含量1.88×10-2mmol)时,氮气保护下140℃反应8h,肉桂酸丁酯的产率可高达99.8%.并且该催化剂对其它丙烯酸酯的Heck反应也具有良好的催化活性.     

Surface Composition and Surface Energetics of Various Eucalypt Pulps

In this paper we report on our study of the surface chemical composition, surface energy and acid-base characteristics of plantation eucalypt pulps obtained using the kraft, neutral sulphite semichemical (NSSC) and cold soda processes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to quantify the surface coverages of extractives and lignin. Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to analyse the dispersive component and the acid-base characteristics of the pulp samples. The pulp yield and the total lignin and extractives in the pulp increased in the sequences of kraft, NSSC and cold soda. The relative surface concentrations of extractives and lignin on the pulps (expressed in terms of the ratios of the pulp surface coverage to the total content of these materials in the pulp) did not increase in the same sequence. The relative surface concentrations of lignin and extractives on the kraft pulps were found to be distinctively higher than those of the NSSC and cold soda pulps. The dispersive components of the surface energy of all pulps were similar before extraction, but increased by different degrees after extraction, with that of the cold soda pulp showing the lowest degree of increase. The acid-base characteristics of the pulps were evaluated using the method of acceptor and donor constants described by Schultz and Lavielle and the method of work of adhesion described by Lundqvist and Ödberg. A comparison of these methods has been made. The acidity of all pulps was found to increase after extraction. The degree of increase in pulp acidity is negatively correlated with the surface lignin concentration on the pulps. The low relative acidity of the cold soda pulp is probably associated with its high surface lignin coverage. An experimental model was established to test this hypothesis.     

乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱钯配合物的制备、表征及其催化性能研究

摘要：本文利用2-吡啶甲醛和乙二胺制得乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱配体,再与钯盐作用制得乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱钯配合物。运用红外光谱、核磁共振、质谱、元素分析、ICP等分析手段对乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱配体及其钯配合物进行了表征,提出了乙二胺-2-吡啶甲醛席夫碱钯配合物的结构,并对其在Heck反应中的催化性能进行了研究。     

Mixed-Metal Clusters of Palladium

The importance of palladium complexes in catalytic processes is well-demonstrated by its applications in hydrogenation processes in industry. Mixed metal clusters of palladium are of interest as the palladium ion can attain either a 16- or 18-electron configuration which is an important feature for catalytic processes. Recent developments in the preparation, characterization, chemical and physical properties of these clusters are discussed in this review.     

匀胶铬版表面界面微观构成的X射线光电子能谱表征

用Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）研究了几种不同工艺制备的匀胶铬版表面、铬膜内部以及各层之间界面处的微观化学组成和化学状态，讨论了不同工艺对铬版材料微观构成及宏观特性的影响。     

Contactless Electrodeposition of Palladium Catalysts

Site-selective electrodeposition of catalytically active metals on electrically conducting support particles was achieved by polarization with an electric field in a nonconductive matrix in the presence of metal salt solutions. The transmission electron micrograph shows a graphite particle to which Pd and Au were applied sequentially to opposite ends by reversing the direction of the electric field.     

椰壳活性炭共价固载钯离子有机络合物催化剂的制备与应用

采用椰壳活性炭为载体,通过20%HNO3氧化处理,Boehm滴定表明活性炭表面羟基含量达0.376 mmol/g.之后分别接枝(MeO)3Si(CH2)3NH2和(MeO)3Si(CH2)3Cl,并成功合成了两种不同类型的含氮双齿配体用来配合钯离子,以FT-IR、XPS、1H NMR、ICP及N2吸附-脱附等手段表征了催化剂制备过程中的各种中间体.在高压反应釜中以苯酚氧化羰基化反应考察了所制催化剂的催化性能.结果表明,在100℃,7.0 MPa及p(CO)/p(O2)=10/1下,二氯甲烷为溶剂,以环庚二胺配体配合的钯离子为催化剂,苯酚转化率及产物碳酸二苯酯(DPC)选择性分别为11.91%、86.82%,对于双氰基配体配合的催化剂,苯酚转化率及产物DPC选择性分别为6.22%及81.02%.     

聚合物担载胶态钯催化剂的制备及其催化加氢性能研究

合成了一系列不溶性交联聚合物担载的胶态钯催化剂;用红外光谱、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜等对催化剂进行了表征。用这些催化剂在80～100℃、氢压196.133×10~4Pa、苯-无水乙醇中进行了环十二碳三烯等不饱和化合物的催化加氢反应。考察了催化剂的活性、选择性、重复使用性能及反应条件对催化剂性能的影响。     

含有机硅多嵌段及其接枝共聚物的表面组成

利用ＸＰＳ对聚二甲基硅氧烷与聚砜或／和聚对羟基苯乙烯组成的二元和三元多嵌段和接枝共聚物及其共混物进行了研究。结果表明溶液成果的聚合物样品的表面都存在有机硅富集，共混物的表面富集程度等于接枝共聚物，更高于多嵌段共聚物，讨论了有机硅含量和键接结构对有机硅表面富集的影响。     

Palladium catalyzed N-alkylation of amines with alcohols

An iron oxide immobilized palladium catalyst was prepared for the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols under base and organic ligand free conditions. Applying the optimized reaction conditions, the coupling reactions of amines and alcohols with various structures could be realized with up to 99% isolated yields. The catalysts were studied by XRD, BET, and XPS and the mechanism was studied by DFT calculations.     

配位型钯离子荧光探针的研究进展

钯在珠宝行业、工业催化、制药行业中应用广泛,也是汽车尾气排放装置触媒转换器中最重要的催化剂之一,但残留的钯离子对人体健康和环境有着极大的危害。近几年,人们对于钯离子残留的检测越来越重视,而配位型金属离子荧光探针是最方便且能快速检测离子的一种方法。本文根据配位方式的不同,综述了配位型钯离子荧光探针的研究进展,包括氮族元素配位(如N和P)的荧光探针、氧族元素配位(如O、S和Se)的荧光探针、同时与氮族和氧族元素配位的荧光探针、不饱和键配位的荧光探针以及聚合物荧光探针等。对不同配位方式、探针结构及对钯的检测效果进行了分析,希望能够为设计更灵敏、高效的配位型钯离子荧光探针提供启发。     

钯纳米粒子修饰的三甲氧苄啶分子印迹膜传感器的制备及其识别性能研究

采用N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为功能单体、钯纳米粒子为掺杂剂、马来松香丙烯酸乙二醇酯为交联剂,在玻碳电极上热聚合具有三甲氧苄啶(TMP)识别性能的钯纳米材料修饰的分子印迹传感膜.采用扫描电镜及红外光谱对合成的钯纳米材料、印迹传感膜的形貌及其结构进行了表征;采用循环伏安法(CV)、交流阻抗法(EIS)对钯纳米粒子掺杂的印迹电极与无掺杂电极的电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,纳米粒子掺杂的印迹电极与无掺杂电极的表面形貌及电化学性能明显不同.差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)表征结果表明,TMP的浓度在5.0×10-7~4.0 ×10-3 mol/L范围内与脉冲峰电流呈良好的线性关系(R=0.9995),检出限为3.2×10-8 mol/L (S/N=3).此钯纳米粒子掺杂的印迹传感器具有较高的灵敏度.即时电流测定结果表明,新诺明(SMZ)、磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)、葡萄糖 (Glu)、尿素 (Urea)对三甲氧苄啶(TMP)的测定不产生干扰.将此印迹传感器用于实际样品中TMP的检测,加标回收率为96.8%~102.0%.     

钯/聚苯胺纳米多层膜的制备及对抗坏血酸和多巴胺的催化氧化

采用脉冲电位法(PPSM)结合聚苯胺(PANI)的层层自组装制备了Pd/PANI交替沉积纳米多层膜, 并用于抗坏血酸(AA)和多巴胺(DA)的检测. 实验发现, 多层膜结构形貌及催化性能受前躯体K₂PdCl₆浓度、 脉冲条件及膜厚度等影响. 当K₂PdCl₆浓度为2×10^-3 mol/L, 阴极脉冲电位为-0.3 V, 阶跃次数为17时, 5层Pd/PANI修饰玻碳电极对AA和DA的催化性能最佳; 在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液中, AA和DA的氧化峰明显分离[ΔE_p(AA, DA)=160 mV], 其峰电流与浓度分别在5×10^-5～4×10^-4和4×10^-5～1×10^-4 mol/L范围内呈较好线性关系, 实现了对AA和DA的同时测定. 该修饰电极具有良好的抗干扰性和稳定性.     

Palladium(II) complexes containing a bulky pyridinyl N-heterocyclic carbene ligand: Preparation and reactivity

Coordination chemistry of a pyridine imidazole-2-ylidene ligand (pyN ˆC) with sterically hindered substituents toward palladium(II) metal ions has been investigated. The palladium carbene complex [(C-pyN ˆC)Pd(η³-allyl)Cl] (3) is prepared via the transmetallation from the corresponding silver carbene complexes with [ClPd(η³-allyl)]₂. Upon the abstraction of chloride, coordination of pyridinyl-nitrogen becomes feasible to form [C,N-(pyN ˆC)Pd(η³-allyl)](BF₄) (4). Ligand substitution reaction of 4 with triphenylphosphine results in the formation of [(C-pyN ˆC)Pd(PPh₃)(η³-allyl)](BF₄)], which the pyridinyl-nitrogen donor is substituted by the phosphine. This palladium complex appears to be base sensitive. Treatment of 4 with t-butoxide causes the decomposition to yield the metal nano-particles. Furthermore, de-complexation of 4 takes place under hydrogen atmosphere to generate the carbene precursor, 1-(6-mesityl-2-picolyl)-3-mesitylimidazolium salt. Nevertheless, the palladium complex 4 shows good catalytic activity on the Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck reactions.