圆柱形弹性贮液容器基频近似计算法

在工业和工程领域中,广泛地应用圆柱形弹性薄壁贮液容器。在冲击或地震地面运动激励下,此种容器的变形,严格地说就遵循薄壳结构动力学规律。考虑到在水平地震作用下短圆柱形容器的变形,剪切效应起主导作用,因而可用剪切梁变形理论来近似地代替。对于盛有液体的贮液容器,因为激励引起的振动是耦联的,即液体中产生的液动压力与结构的变形有关,而结构的变形又受到液动压力的很大影响。欲寻求此种耦联体系的动力响应,必须对其动力特性进行分析。为此,本文根据Fischer“冲击质量”理论,提出了对圆柱形弹性贮液容器基频的近似计算方法。此方法概念清晰,计算简便,很便于工程上应用。     

轴对称容器内液体晃动问题的数值解

在航天、航空和建筑工程中经常需要准确计算容器内有自由面液体的晃动固有模态和受激晃动响应.工程贮液容器一般是对称轴在铅直方向的轴对称体,其中大部分还是旋成体.通常可以将容器视为静止或运动的刚体.在必须计及容器壁的弹性变形运动和液固动力耦合效 ...     

贮液容器的晃动分析

贮液容器在晃动下的液固耦合振动问题是人们一直想解决的工程难题之一.本文以能量法导出了随时间作交替晃动的贮液容器的广义变分泛函,给出了这类问题的解法,并通过数值算例,对这类耦合振动的特征作了简要的分析.     

贮液容器水动弹性分析的伽辽金有限元——自由界面模态综合方法

本文提出一种计算弹性容器——有自由面贮液流固耦合系统的固有振动模态和液体动压力、自由液面位移及容器弹性变形对地震等激励的响应的伽辽金有限元——自由界面模态综合方法,着重处理旋成贮液容器的水动弹性问题。该方法计及全部流固动力耦合效应,但显著压缩了计算规模,计算结果与试验符合得很好。当需要在多种贮液深度进行贮液容器的水动弹性分析时,本方法尤其经济有效。     

具有爆炸反应特性装置在密闭容器内爆炸威力的评价方法

在装填有抛撒药和氟化物的装置中,当中心抛撒药起爆,将氟化物抛出装置时,氟化物会与密闭容器内液体发生剧烈反应,释放大量能量.为了评价该装置在密闭贮液容器内的爆炸威力,基于超压-冲量准则,在模拟密闭贮液容器内进行了爆炸毁伤威力评价实验,并计算得到该装置的TNT当量值.结果表明:该方法简单有效,可作为该装置在密闭贮液容器内爆...     

具有约束层阻尼贮液圆柱容器的耦振与减振特性分析

该文在对空圆柱层合壳(不充液)振动分析研究的基础上,借助线性势流理论,进一步考虑液固耦合效应,导出了敷有CLD贮液圆柱层合壳谐耦振的一阶常微分矩阵方程,该方程右边多了液动压力项.由于它不能预先给定,导致方程中出现未知项.为了克服这一困难,文中研究了液动压力的解式,并采用新型齐次扩容精细积分技术,提出了一种高效率和高精度的半解析半数值解法.进而还求解了CLD贮液圆柱容器在地面谐运动激励下的响应;通过大量数值计算分析了CLD的厚度、长度、敷设位置以及粘弹芯的复剪切模量对减振效果的影响.计算还表明了有液体的存在,这些影响和空容器时是不一样的.文中方法为CLD贮液容器的控制优化提供了有力手段.     

钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构的海固耦合晃动——弹性底板

针对小幅晃动的理想液体,根据钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构的液-固耦合振动模型和数理方程理论,推导了结构内液体的速度势函数。针对winkler弹性地基的情况,应用能量原理推导了钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构液-固耦合晃动频率的计算公式。为便于工程应用,给出了钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构液-固耦合晃动基本频率的计算公式。结合数值算例,讨论了混凝土弹性模量、基床系数、液体密度和底板的相对厚度等对钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构液-固耦合晃动基本频率的影响,从而为以后工程结构中钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构的设计计算提供了理论依据。     

钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构的液-固耦合晃动——弹性底板

针对小幅晃动的理想液体,根据钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构的液-固耦合振动模型和数理方程理论,推导了结构内液体的速度势函数.针对Winkler弹性地基的情况,应用能量原理推导了钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构液-固耦合晃动频率的计算公式.为便于工程应用,给出了钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构液-固耦合晃动基本频率的计算公式.结合数值算例,讨论了混凝土弹性模量、基床系数、液体密度和底板的相对厚度等对钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构液-固耦合晃动基本频率的影响,从而为以后工程结构中钢筋混凝土矩形贮液结构的设计计算提供了理论依据.     

微重力条件下部分充液贮箱气液界面波动特性的数值模拟

微重力环境中部分充液贮箱内气液界面和气、液两相介质在残余重力或加速度干扰下的运动特征是先进空间流体管理技术的基础. 本文针对空间贮箱常用构型和实际尺寸, 基于邦德数相似准则设计了3个缩比模型, 数值模拟了原型贮箱和缩比模型中加速度变化引起的贮箱内气液两相流动及气液界面上界面波的传播. 数值模拟结果验证了原型和模型间的运动相似性, 发现在满足邦德数相似准则的前提下, 系统还近似满足韦伯数相似准则, 或等价地, 近似满足弗劳德数相似准则. 此外, 数值模拟结果也表明原型和模型间的运动存在细微偏差, 这主要源于黏性耗散作用的差异. 由韦伯数相似准则可知, 缩比加大, 贮箱尺寸减小, 重力突变后由表面张力释放出来的驱动力增强, 相同韦伯数下流动速度增大, 黏性耗散作用随之增强, 本文的数值模拟结果证实了该结论. 相关结果可以用于指导空间贮箱流体管理技术的地面模拟试验的方案设计等.      

贮液椭圆筒在水中的横向自由振动

本文研究贮液椭圆筒在水中的横向自由振动问题,给出了贮液椭圆筒在水中横向自由振动的振型函数和固有频率的精确计算公式,结果可由计算机解出。同时指出,内外液体对椭圆筒振动的影响等效一附着于筒体上的广义分布质量.     

Structural failures precipitated by weld discontinuities

A literature review was conducted to assess the effects of weld defects upon the failure of welded structures. This effort was focussed on storage tank failures with emphasis on those fabricated for cryogenic liquid containment in order to assess the significance of past storage tank failures relative to the 9% nickel steel storage tanks currently in service. Consideration of past failures can be instructive for insuring the integrity of these vessels.Along with other documented failures, three cryogenic storage tank failures are documented herein. One of these was a liquefied natural gas (LNG) tank, the other two were designed to store liquid ethylene. Although details of design differed slightly, the overall design was the ‘tank within a tank’ concept. In each of the three failures detailed in this review, a breach of the outer tank integrity resulted when cryogenic liquid came in contact with the outer tank wall. This can be attributed to the fact that the outer steel wall was brittle at service temperatures.In addition to the above failures, this review has revealed a pattern of failures in pressure vessels resulting from faulty welds (usually fillet welds) associated with nozzle attachments and branch connections. These are undoubtedly areas of concern in cryogenic storage tanks along with the ones delineated more fully in this review.     

A coupled BE–FE study for evaluation of seismically isolated cylindrical liquid storage tanks considering fluid–structure interaction

The effects of base-isolation on the seismic response of cylindrical vertical flexible liquid storage tanks subjected to horizontal seismic ground motion are presented in this paper. The whole system consists of two main parts: the base-isolation component, and the fluid–structure interaction subsystem. Dynamic analysis of liquid storage tank is achieved through the use of finite shell elements for the structure and internal boundary elements for the liquid region. The boundary element equations are employed to obtain an equivalent liquid mass matrix which is then coupled with the shell structure mass matrix, resulting in the coupled equations of motion. Finally, the coupled equations of motion are connected with the base-isolation system to observe the whole system behavior. A bilinear hysteretic element is used to illustrate the base-isolation system. The analysis is performed in the time domain in which, hydrodynamic interaction is taken into account. It is shown that the seismic response of the isolated tank could be significantly reduced compared with the fixed-foundation tanks. Parametric studies are carried out to study the effects of different system parameters on the effectiveness of the base-isolation system. These parameters are the tank geometry aspect ratio (height to radius), the flexibility of the isolation system, the liquid surface displacement variations, and the tank wall flexibility. It is observed that the seismic isolation is more effective in slender tanks in comparison with broad tanks. Furthermore, it is shown that the isolation efficiency is partially more significant in rigid tanks. It is also noticeable that flexible isolators considerably reduce the seismic response in comparison with stiff isolators. Despite the foregoing advantages, liquid surface displacement increases due to seismic isolation, especially in slender tanks.     

Experimental study on the storage performance of high-vacuum-multilayer-insulation tank after sudden,catastrophic loss of insulating vacuum

High-vacuum-multilayer-insulation (HVMLI) cryogenic tank is one kind of dangerous pressure vessels. One of the worst accidents that may occur in a high-vacuum-multilayer-insulation (HVMLI) cryogenic tank is a sudden, catastrophic loss of insulating vacuum (SCLIV). The influence of SCLIV on storage performance for a HVMLI cryogenic tank is experimentally studied in this paper. A test rig was built up and experiments were conducted using LN₂ as the test medium. The cryogenic tank was tested in the conditions of various combinations with different initial liquid level and number of insulation layers. Some important conclusions for storage performance with a vacuum-lost HVMLI cryogenic tank have been obtained. The experimental results show that the numbers of insulation layers and the initial liquid level have obvious effect on the storage performance after SCLIV for cryogenic tanks.     

双钢板混凝土组合板抗爆性能分析

钢-混凝土-钢组合板是一种新型的组合结构,与传统钢筋混凝土板相比,具有抗剪强度高、延性大、耗能能力强等特点,目前已经被广泛应用于核反应堆安全壳、海洋平台及储油罐等结构。本文中,设计并制作了缩尺的普通钢筋混凝土板和钢-混凝土-钢组合板,开展了在接触爆炸荷载作用下的实验研究,通过损伤分析、跨中最大挠度对比研究不同板的抗爆性能。基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元程序,研究了钢-混凝土-钢组合板的损伤模式、跨中最大挠度等,并与实验结果进行了对比分析,验证了有限元分析模型的准确性和适用性。参数化分析了炸药量、混凝土强度和钢板厚度等参数对钢-混凝土-钢组合板抗爆性能的影响规律。利用多参数回归分析方法,提出钢-混凝土-钢组合板跨中挠度的预测公式。结果表明:提高混凝土强度可以降低结构的塑性损伤, 增加钢板厚度可以有效降低钢-混凝土-钢组合板的跨中最大挠度。相对于普通钢筋混凝土板,钢-混凝土-钢组合板保持了良好的整体性,且具有继续承载的能力。拟合公式能够较好地预测钢-混凝土-钢组合板跨中挠度与药量和钢板厚度的关系。     

储液罐动力学与控制研究进展

阐述了储液罐动力学与控制的工程应用背景, 从3个方面回顾了储液罐动力学与控制的研究进展, 即: 储液罐类液体晃动动力学、液体晃动等效力学模型和储液罐多体系统动力学与控制. 其中对储液罐类液体晃动动力学的研究成果从解析方法和数值方法两方面进行了概述; 在储液罐多体系统动力学中概述了车载、船载储液罐系统动力学和充液航天器固--液--控耦合动力学近年来的研究成果.对今后需要进一步开展的研究方向进行了展望.      

自由振动台测量TLDEB水箱频率的研究

通过在普通调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)水箱中加入不同高度和宽度的扰流装置,将其改造成调谐液体挡板阻尼器(TLDEB)水箱,以此来控制和提高水箱中第一阶振荡水的频率;并通过自行设计和制作的自由振动台,对TLDEB水箱中第一阶振荡水的频率进行观测与研究.通过比较普通TLD水箱与改造后TLDEB水箱的第一阶振荡水频率可知,TLD...     

Experimental findings of the suppression of rotary sloshing on the dynamic response of a liquid storage tank

In liquid storage tanks, rotary sloshing occurs when the frequency of the lateral harmonic load is near the lowest frequency of the tank–liquid system. Rotary sloshing is a type of sloshing that modifies the tank response, which may cause instabilities of the tank wall. However, the consequences of rotary sloshing for the development of strain in the tank wall have not been elucidated. This paper presents an experimental determination of the effects of rotary sloshing on the development of strain and acceleration at various locations of a storage tank. A low-density-polyethylene tank containing water was tested using a shake table. Nine excitations with frequencies near the first free-vibration frequency of the tank–water system were employed. To suppress rotary sloshing, a high-density foam floating lid was utilised as a barrier. Results reveal rotary sloshing boosts not only the development of both hoop and axial strain but also the acceleration in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the excitation. The lid reduced the maximum hoop and axial strain by 500% and 400%, respectively compared to that when rotary sloshing occurs. Moreover, the lid suppressed the nonplanar sloshing by erasing the first three free-vibration frequencies of the tank–water system without the lid.     

钢丝网增强特种混凝土的静动态试验研究

在高技术战争条件下，随着钻地武器的发展，现有防护工程材料受到严峻挑战，其发展状况是我国打赢现代高技术战争的十分重要的决定因素。研制高性能防护工程材料成为我国的一个重大事项。在了解国内外已用或在研的防护复合材料的基础上，本文研究设计出一种新型防护工程复合材料——钢丝网增强特种混凝土。以特种组分和配比的混凝土及纯水泥浆为基体材料，钢丝网、钢纤维为增强材料，设计出17种不同构造结构的复合材料。对这些材料的构件进行了大量静动态对比试验研究。试验结果说明，钢丝网增强特种混凝土构件具有最高的抗弯、抗压、抗劈拉强度，并且效费比最高，是一种具有良好应用前景的防护复合材料。     

MPS与GPU结合数值模拟LNG液舱晃荡

液舱晃荡是一种在外部激励作用下部分装载的液舱内液体的波动现象,它会对液舱结构强度和运输船舶稳性产生危害.移动粒子半隐式法(moving particle semi-implicit,MPS)是一种典型的无网格粒子类方法,可以有效地模拟剧烈的液舱晃荡问题.但MPS方法存在计算效率低的缺点,难以模拟大规模三维问题,而GPU并行加速技术已广泛应用于科学计算领域.因此,本文将MPS方法与GPU并行加速技术相结合,采用CUDA程序语言编写,自主开发了MPSGPU-SJTU求解器,对三维液化天然气(liquefiednatural gas, LNG)型液舱晃荡进行了数值模拟.通过三种不同粒子间距的数值模拟,验证了求解器的收敛性,其中最大计算粒子数达到了200多万.与其他研究结果相比,MPSGPU-SJTU求解器能够准确地预测壁面砰击压力,并且捕捉晃荡过程中自由面的大幅度变形和强非线性破碎现象.相比CPU求解器的计算时间,GPU并行加速技术可以大幅度地减小计算时长,提高MPS方法的计算效率.本文将LNG型液舱与方型液舱的晃荡进行对比,结果表明在高充液率下LNG型液舱可以有效地减小晃荡幅值和壁面砰击压力.但在中低充液率下,LNG型液舱则会加剧晃荡,自由面呈现明显的三维特征.本文还进一步研究了水和LNG两种不同介质的液舱晃荡现象,数值模拟结果表明二者的流场基本相似,砰击压力则正比于液体密度.