负载型Co-Cr氧化物催化剂上CO2氧化乙烷脱氢制乙烯反应的研究

制备了一系列不同Co／Cr比例的Co-Cr／SiO2和Co-Cr／γ-Al2O3催化剂，并应用XRD等技术对所制样品进行了表征．在常压连续流动固定床石英反应器中考察了它们对CO2乙烷氧化脱氢反应的催化性能．实验结果表明，Co-Cr／SiO2和Co-Cr／γ-Al2O对CO2乙烷脱氢制乙烯都有较高的催化活性，其活性都明显高于负载单一组分的催化剂．以γ-Al2O为载体的催化剂活性明显比以SiO2为载体的催化剂活性高．1％Co-5％Cr／γ-Al2O活性最高，973K乙烷的转化率达25．57％，乙烯的选择性和收率分别达94．28％、24．10％．     

ZnO-ZrO2催化剂上CO2辅助乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的研究(英文)

以焙烧商用氢氧化锆(Zr(OH)₄)得到的ZrO₂为载体,通过沉积-沉淀法制备了ZnO-ZrO₂催化剂,并在873 K下对该催化剂上CO₂辅助的乙烷氧化脱氢反应(CO₂-ODHE)的催化性能进行了评价。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、CO₂程序升温脱附(CO₂-TPD)等技术对ZnO-ZrO₂催化剂的表面物理化学性质和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,在5%ZnO-ZrO₂催化剂上,ZnO掺入到了ZrO₂的表面晶格之中,在催化剂表面产生了高度分散的ZnO物种和氧缺陷区域。5%ZnO-ZrO₂催化剂可以选择性地剪裁乙烷C-H键,抑制C-C键的断裂,具备良好的催化性能。210μmol/(gcat·min)的C2H₄形成率可以与贵金属和过渡金属碳...     

介孔Ni基催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯

以十二烷基硫酸钠为模板剂,尿素为沉淀剂制备了介孔氧化镍,并将该方法成功拓展至介孔NiMgO催化剂的合成.考察了这两种催化剂以及采用溶胶.凝胶法制备的纳米氧化镍催化剂对乙烷氧化脱氢反应的催化性能.结果表明,介孔氧化镍较纳米氧化镍在相同乙烷转化率条件下乙烯选择性更高,且前者反应温区大为扩展,因而乙烯收率更高.介孔氧化镍经Mg调变后,其催化性能进一步提高,在450℃,C2H6:O2:N2=1:1:4和GHSV=18000ml/(g.h)条件下,介孔NiMgO催化剂上乙烷转化率和乙烯收率分别为56.6%和30.1%,其乙烯收率远高于纳米氧化镍(15.9%)和介孔氧化镍(22.5%).     

空石英管中乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯

使用空石英反应管,对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙然反应进行了研究。在６３３℃,可得到乙烷转化率７９％,乙烯选择性６６％,乙烯单程收率为５２％,此结果比已知文献报道的使用催化剂的结果毫不逊色。采用空石英反应管的反应特点是在较低的乙烷转化率时,可以得到很高的乙烯选择性,其主要反应副产物为ＣＯ。     

LiCl/SO2-4-ZrO2催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯

 用辅以回流处理的两步法制备硫酸化氧化锆(SO2-4-ZrO2), 再用浸渍法制备Li质量含量为0.5%～15%的LiCl/SO2-4-ZrO2催化剂. 650 ℃时,在Li含量为15%的催化剂上,获得了90.6%的乙烷转化率、85.9%的乙烯选择性和77.8%的乙烯收率,在24 h的实验考察中,乙烯的收率一直保持在71%以上. 采用X射线粉末衍射、低温N2吸附、程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱等对催化剂的体相结构、比表面积、表面酸碱性和表面元素组成等进行了表征. 结果表明, LiCl的添加使催化剂中四方相ZrO2的含量降低,比表面积减小,表面酸性减弱,乙烷氧化脱氢催化性能明显提高,但ZrO2的体相结构对其催化性能没有明显影响. 随着反应时间的延长, LiCl慢慢流失,催化剂的乙烯选择性逐渐下降. 与未经回流处理制得的硫酸化二氧化锆相比,采用回流处理后的ZrO2制得的SO2-4-ZrO2具有较大的比表面积,单位质量的样品可负载更多的LiCl, 有利于延缓催化剂活性因LiCl流失而下降.     

阶跃过渡应答技术研究Mo-V/Al2O3催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氧制乙烯反应的暂态动力学Ⅱ.乙烷氧化脱氢反应的机理和动力学参数的求取

通过一系列应答实验，证实了氧在ＭｏＯ３－Ｖ２Ｏ５／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的吸附和吸附态氧转变为晶格氧的过程是慢过程，是乙烷氧化脱氢反应的速度控制步骤；乙烯的深度氧化是乙烯与催化剂表面上吸附态氧作用的结果，而不是与催化剂上晶格氧作用的结果。结合第Ⅰ部分的实验结果，提出了乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯反应的机理，并用Ｔｒｅａｎｏｒ法和ＤＦＰ法求取了各基元步骤的速率常数、活化能和指前因子等动力学参数。用计算所得的结果进     

乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯CeO2-NiO/A2O3催化剂上氧物种的研究

在镍基催化剂上进行了乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的研究.结果表明,浸渍法制备的催化剂性能最佳.以浸渍法引入CeO2后,催化剂的低温反应活性显著提高.采用O2-TPD-MS、TPR和XPS等表征技术对催化剂进行了表征,结果显示:在ODE反应中,在低温下起主导作用的是"非化学计量氧"(O2-、O-和O22-);在高温下起主导作用的是晶格氧;CeO2的添加减弱了NiO与载体-γAl2O3间的强相互作用,提高了镍物种在载体上的分散度,高分散于催化剂表面的微晶NiO的量明显增加,此物种有利于催化剂的低温活性;影响了催化剂表面氧物种的分布,表面的晶格氧的相对浓度提高了,非化学计量氧的相对浓度降低了.     

羟基化氮化硼催化乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯

乙烯是最为重要的化工原料之一,目前其工业来源主要来自于烃类的水蒸汽裂解过程.该过程本质上是一个高温均相裂解过程,温度(>800?℃)高,能耗大,碳排放严重.乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯属于放热反应,反应温度低,速率快,无积碳等限制,是一条更富有竞争力的工艺路线.然而,常用的金属或金属氧化物催化剂容易导致乙烯深度氧化,从而降低了乙烯选择性.纳米碳材料在烃类氧化脱氢反应中展现出一定的催化活性,但容易被氧化,难以用于反应温度高的乙烷氧化脱氢反应.本文报道了羟基化的氮化硼(BNOH)可高效催化乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯.氮化硼边沿羟基官能团脱氢生成了动态活性位,从而引发了乙烷的脱氢反应.BNOH对乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯显示出高选择性.当乙烷转化率在11%,乙烯选择性可高达95%;当乙烷转化率增加到40%,乙烯选择性保持在90%.重要的是,当乙烷转化率超过60%时,BNOH仍然可保持80%的乙烯选择性以及50%的乙烯收率.这些性能指标与现有工业乙烷水蒸气裂解过程运行性能相当.进一步优化反应条件,BNOH催化剂能够实现高达9.1 gC2H4 gcat-1 h-1的时空收率.经过200 h的氧化脱氢反应测试,BNOH催化剂活性和选择性基本恒定,表明其具有非常好的稳定性.X射线粉末衍射结果显示,反应前后BNOH催化剂的物相没有发生变化.透射电子显微镜测试证实,反应后BNOH催化剂的形貌和微观结构也没有明显改变.X射线光电子能谱结果显示,反应200 h后BNOH催化剂表面的氧含量仅从反应前的6.9 atom%微增到8.3 atom%.1H固体核磁共振谱测试显示,反应200 h后,BNOH催化剂上羟基含量无明显改变.结合原位透射红外光谱和同位素示踪实验,初步确定了BNOH催化剂上引发乙烷氧化脱氢反应的活性中心.氮化硼边沿的氧官能团并不能引发乙烷的氧化脱氢反应,而羟基官能团才是氧化脱氢反应发生的活性位.在乙烷氧化脱氢条件下,分子氧脱除羟基官能团上的氢原子动态生成BNO·?和HO2·?活性位.密度泛函理论计算表明,乙烷首先在BNO·?或HO2·?位活化生成乙基自由基,这些中间物进一步与气相氧物种发生反应脱氢生成乙烯.动力学测试结果也验证了上述实验和理论结果.     

h-BN掺杂Na2WO4-Mn/SiO2催化剂用于乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯

采用混浆法制备了一系列六方氮化硼掺杂的Na2WO4/Mn/BxSiy催化剂,并应用于乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯（ODHE）。考察了Na2WO4/Mn/BxSiy催化剂的ODHE反应性能,并详细探讨了反应温度、稀释气比例等条件对催化剂反应活性的影响。结果表明,h-BN的掺杂发现显著提高了Na2WO4/Mn/BxSiy催化剂C2H4选择性。Na2WO4/Mn/B5.0Si95催化剂在700℃时,表现出相对较高的活性并且CO2生成量极低（>70% 乙烯选择性,46.5%的乙烯收率,1.80%的CO2选择性）。通过X-射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、H2程序升温还原（H2-TPR）、O2程序升温脱附（O2-TPD）和C2H6程序升温脱附（C2H6-TPD）等手段对催化剂进行了表征。研究发现,h-BN的加入对改变催化剂表面元素的化学状态,形成了更多具有低温活性的物相,对抑制深度氧化起到重要作用。同时,h-BN的掺杂也调变了催化剂的导热能力,避免床层热点的形成,提高了C2H4的选择性。     

Li^＋／MgO上乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯的研究（Ⅱ）：催化作用机理

借助ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＴＧ等技术对Ｌｉ＾＋／ＭｇＯ进行了表征，结果表明，酸、碱中心的数目，强度、催化性与Ｌｉ＾＋的添加量相关 ，起酸碱作用的表面金属离子、表面低配位氧集团、Ｏ（Ｌ ｉ＾＋Ｏ＾－）是其反应的活性物种，反应机理可能由离子基、游离基协同完成。     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over movmnw oxide catalysts

Catalysts based on mixed oxide of MoVMn are active at relatively low temperature for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. Incorporation of tungsten into MoVMn oxides enhances the catalytic activity. Enhancement of the activity is explained in the light of acid-base interaction accompanied with a redox mechanism of surface reoxidation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethene over a superbase supported LiCl system

<正>LiCl-promoted superbase catalysts were found to be stable and highly selective to ethene for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane,giving 84%ethane conversion and 74%ethene yield at 923 K.Results indicated that the stronger the basicity of LiC1-based catalysts,the better the catalytic performance.     

乙烷氧化脱氢用Ni/Al2O3催化剂中活性镍物种前驱体（英文）

Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation(ODH) of ethane were prepared by impregnation of Al2O3 with nickel acetate or nickel nitrate,and by mechanical mixing of NiO and Al2O3.The Ni-based catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,diffuse reflectance UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen.The results showed that formation of crystalline NiO particles with a size of < 8 nm and/or non-stoichiometric NiO species in the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts led to more active species in ODH of ethane under the investigated reaction conditions.In contrast,tetrahedral Ni species present in the catalysts led to higher selectivity for ethene.Formation of large crystalline NiO particles(22-32 nm) over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts decreased the selectivity for ethene.     

Catalytic activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over Ni and/or Co molybdate catalysts: Synthesis and characterization

Ni and/or Co molybdate based catalysts were synthetized by co-precipitation for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane reaction. The catalysts were characterized by several techniques such TGA-DTA, HT-XRD, XRD, LRS, N₂ adsorption, XPS and TPR. The results showed that the addition of Ni or Co to MMoO₄matrices (M=Ni or Co) led to a high dispersion of additives into the molybdenum matrix without the formation of a significant amount of other bulk metal oxides. Compared to the pure MMoO₄, the modified molybdenum (Ni_0.5Co_0.5MoO₄) presents a higher thermal stability (up to 1000 °C). It has a lower BET surface area and higher reduction temperature compared to those of the NiMoO₄ sample. In the ODH of ethane, Ni_0.5Co_0.5MoO₄ shows a lower catalytic activity compared to that of MMoO₄ samples; however, the ethylene selectivity is enhanced (exceeding 90%). As a result, these series of catalysts show improved efficiency for ethylene production in the ethane ODH reaction.     

乙烷在V2O5(001)表面深度氧化反应机理的周期性密度泛函理论研究

采用周期密度泛函理论研究了V₂O₅ (001)表面乙烷深度氧化过程.结果表明,乙醛是主要的副产物,且脱附态的乙醛能很容易被氧化成乙酸,但多数乙醛在从表面脱附前已被氧化成CO_x.显然,在乙烷氧化脱氢反应的最终产物CO_x主要来源于乙醛.     

Catalytic performance of silica-supported chromium oxide catalysts in ethane dehydrogenation with carbon dioxide

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane into ethylene by CO₂ over a series of silica-supported chromium oxide catalysts was investigated. The results showed that the catalysts were effective for the reaction and CO₂ in the feed promoted the catalytic activity. The 5%Cr/SiO₂ catalyst exhibited the excellent performance with 30.7% ethane conversion and 96.5% ethylene selectivity at 700^oC. ESR and UV-DRS were used to probe the active sites and the species with high valent states (Cr⁵⁺ and/or Cr⁶⁺) were found to be important for the reaction.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane over sufated zirconia supported oxides catalysts

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane into ethylene has been investigated on metal oxide-based sulfated zirconia catalysts at temperatures of 400–600°C. It is found that the activity and selectivity toward ethylene depend on the nature of metal oxide and temperature and that Ni and V oxides supported on sulfated zirconia exhibited higher ethylene yields.     

Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over Ni-Mo-Mg-O catalysts

In this work, a series of Ni-Mo-Mg-O catalysts with mesoporous structure prepared by sol-gel method were investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODHP). The techniques of temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (H2-TPR), N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were employed for catalyst characterization. It is found that the activity of the catalysts for ODHP increases first and then decreases with the increase of Mo content. The catalyst with a Mo/Ni atomic ratio of 1/1 exhibits the best catalytic activity, which gives the propene selectivity of 81.4% at a propane conversion of 11.3% under 600°C and maintains the good catalytic performance for 22 h on stream. This is related not only to its high reducibility and dispersion as revealed by TPR and XRD, but also to the formation of more selective oxygen species on the MoOx-NiO interface as identified by XPS.