药用与食用二氧化钛中砷的测定

钛白粉试样在 4mol·L-1HCl酸度下沸水浴 30min ,经SnCl2 KI预还原、AsH3 发生、DDT CAg溶液吸收。产生的红色新生态胶体银 ,用 2cm比色皿 ,在 5 4 0nm波长处测定吸光度。方法测定限为 0 .5 μg·g-1,满足出口质检要求     

树脂相光度法提高亚甲基蓝测定硫的灵敏度

基于硫化物与对氨基二甲基苯胺在铁(Ⅲ)存在下生成亚甲基蓝是测定水中微量硫化物的常用方法、其测定下限为2μg/L硫。本文采用强酸性阳离子树脂交换所生成的亚甲基蓝,直接于波长675nm处测量交换后树脂的吸光度,灵敏度比水相提高约5倍。硫量在0—3μg范围内呈良好线性关系测定下限可达0.4μg/L硫。     

微波辐射在制备竹节活性炭中的应用研究

研究了以竹节废料为原料，采用微波辐射氯化锌法制备优质活性炭的可行性．探讨了微波功率．活化时间及氯化锌浓度对产品各项指标的影响．得到了微波辐射氯化锌法制备活性炭的最佳工艺：微波功率350W、活化时间5min、氯化锌浓度40%．用此工艺制得的活性炭碘吸附值1088．4mg／g、亚甲基蓝脱色力22．0ml/0．1g．得率39．2％．该工艺所需活化时间为传统方法的1／36，产品活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色力为国家一级标准的1．83倍(GB/T13496.10-1999)．微波辐射法所制活性炭比传统方法所制活性炭具有更加发达的孔隙结构，且孔隙的分布更加均匀．     

亚甲基蓝褪色分光光度法测定藻酸双酯钠

在pH为2.3的盐酸介质中,藻酸双酯钠与亚甲基蓝反应形成离子缔合物,使亚甲基蓝溶液褪色,最大褪色波长位于665nm。藻酸双酯钠的浓度在2~8mg/L范围内遵守郎伯-比尔定律,测定藻酸双酯钠的百分之一吸光系数ε0.01为6.39×102。该褪色体系操作简便,有较好的稳定性、选择性与准确度。据此直接测定了片剂中藻酸双酯钠的含量取得满意结果。     

双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定痕量Fe(Ⅲ)

研究了在HCl介质中,Fe(Ⅲ)催化H2O2氧化甲基橙和亚甲基蓝褪色的指示反应。通过测量510nm和660nm波长处催化和非催化体系吸光度的变化,基于Fe(Ⅲ)的浓度与两波长处吸光度差值的加和呈线性关系,建立了双波长双指示剂催化动力学光度法测定Fe(Ⅲ)含量的新方法。方法的线性范围为0.008~0.24μg/mL,用该法测定菠菜、紫菜、蛋黄中Fe(Ⅲ)含量,相对标准偏差为1.0%~4.6%,加标回收率为98.9%~104.6%。     

关于亚甲基蓝在活性炭表面吸附投影面积σA的探讨

溶液吸附法测定活性炭比表面积是大学本科基础物理化学实验中一个较重要的实验.亚甲基蓝在活性炭表面的吸附符合Langmuir单分子层吸附,但按照实验教科书及文献介绍的溶液吸附法测定活性炭比表面积的方法,大量学生实验的测定结果比活性炭实际比表面积偏低很多.本文以BET表面吸附装置测定活性炭比表面积,再以溶液吸附法测定了亚甲基蓝在活性炭表面的最大吸附量Γ∞,计算了亚甲基蓝在活性炭表面吸附投影面积σA.结果表明亚甲基蓝在活性炭表面可能不是端基吸附,而是平面吸附,分子的投影面积σA应为1.35×10-18 m2.     

活性炭脱色对食醋总酸量的影响

研究活性炭脱色对食醋总酸量的影响。以保宁醋稀释10倍为供试品工作液,利用酸碱滴定法采用酸碱指示剂和酸度计同时监测溶液pH的变化确定终点,通过消耗NaOH体积反映对总酸量的影响,监测在450 nm处吸光度的变化反应脱色效果,研究了加入不同活性炭用量和脱色时间对食醋总酸量和脱色效果的影响,同时研究了活性炭脱色对食醋中可能有的几种无色有机酸的酸量的影响。结果表明：只要用活性炭脱色,测定食醋的总酸量总是偏低,活性炭脱色对几种无色有机酸的酸量有不同程度的影响。不能用活性炭脱色后,用指示剂确定终点酸碱滴定法测定食醋的总酸量。     

甲基蓝双波长光度法测定阿米卡星

在酸性条件下,甲基蓝(MB)与阿米卡星(AMK)反应,生成蓝色离子缔合物,最大吸收波长和负吸收波长分别位于616 nm和676 nm,正负峰吸光度绝对值之和与AMK的浓度线性相关,AMK的浓度在0～1.5×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)范围内遵从比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光系数ε为7.28×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),据此建立了测定阿米卡星的甲基蓝双波长光度法。方法用于市售药物及人体尿液中阿米卡星含量的测定,结果满意。     

偶氮蓝分光光度法测定硫酸卡那霉素

在pH 4.10的B-R缓冲溶液中,偶氮蓝与硫酸卡那霉素相互作用生成离子缔合物导致偶氮蓝色泽减褪,或换言之,当在偶氮蓝溶液中加入硫酸卡那霉素后,在偶氮蓝的吸收峰552 nm波长处吸光度降低,吸光度差值与硫酸卡那霉素浓度成正比,最佳条件下,硫酸卡那霉素的质量浓度在0.1～4.0 mg·L-1范围内遵守比耳定律,表观摩尔吸光率ε=7.3×104L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限(3σ)为7.6×10-2mg·L-1.将方法应用于硫酸卡那霉素注射液试样中卡那霉素的测定,测定结果的RSD(n=7)值为1.1%,按标准加入法测得的平均回收率为96.5%.     

二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺光度法测定钙

1 引言二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺曾用于钡和锶的测定.近来的研究发现,该试剂也能与钙发生显色反应,与其它测钙的试剂不同,大量的镁存在对显色反应也不干扰.用于环境水样中钙的测定,干扰少,结果满意.2 实验部分2.1主要试剂和仪器 7530G分光光度计,721型分光光度计.钙标准溶液:1g/L;磷酸:3 mol/l;二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺(3-[(4-甲基-2-磺酸基苯)偶氮]-6-[(2,6-二溴-4-甲基苯)偶氮]-4,5-二羟基-2,7-基萘二碳酸,自制):0.O5%水溶液.2.2 试验方法 吸取含50μg钙的标准溶液于25mL比色管中,加入3mol/l磷酸2.0ml,以水稀释至15mL左右.加入二溴对甲基偶氮甲磺溶液2.5ml,用水稀释至刻度.以试剂空白为参比,用1cm比色皿于632nm测量吸光度.3 结果与讨论3.1 络合物吸收光谱 结果表明,试剂最大吸收位于554nm处,络合物的最大吸收位于632nm处,对比度△λ=78nm.3.2 介质的选择 该试剂在盐酸、硝酸、高氯酸、磷酸、硫酸一定的酸度介质中均能与钙形成稳定的络合物,由于磷酸介质可以掩蔽水样中常见的Fe~(3+),在0.06～0.5mol/L磷酸体系中吸光度基本不变,试验中选用0.24mol/L磷酸体系.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。