高张力笼形氮杂环化合物的合成

以六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)为母体,Pd(OH)₂/C为催化剂,在温和条件下,通过选择性催化氢解脱苄,使部分或全部苄基被其它官能团(如CH₃O-,C₂H₅-,CHO-)取代,合成了4种N-取代六氮杂异伍兹烷,并鉴定了它们的结构.这些化合物都是高张力的笼形氮杂环化合物,且均可作为合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)的前体,而HNIW是当今最引人注目和最有军用前景的高能量密度化合物(HEDC).     

六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成及工业制备

综述了六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成条件和工业制备工艺。这五种化合物是:四乙酰基二苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADBIW)、四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADFIW)、四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TAIW)、四乙酰基二乙基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADEIW)和六乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HAIW)。其中的TADBIW系由HBIW经一次氢解合成,其它四种都系由HBIW经两次氢解合成。HBIW的这五种氢解脱苄化合物均可经硝解合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)。另外,本文总结了HBIW及其五种氢解脱苄产物的红外、核磁和质谱数据及它们的基本性能参数。     

六苄基六氦杂异伍兹烷五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成及工业制备

综述了六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HBIW）五种氢解脱苄化合物的合成条件和工业制备工艺。这五种化合物是：四乙酰基二苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TADBIW）、四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TADFIW）、四乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TAIW）、四乙酰基二乙基六氮杂异伍兹烷（TADEIW）和六乙酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HAIW）。其中的TADBIW系由HBIW经一次氢解合成，其它四种都系由HBIW经两次氢解合成。HBIW的这五种氢解脱苄化合物均可经硝解合成六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HNIW）。另外，本文总结了HBIW及其五种氢解脱苄产物的红外、核磁和质谱数据及它们的基本性能参数。     

由四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷合成六硝基六氮 杂异伍兹烷

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)是一笼形硝胺,它是迄今已知的能量最高的高能量密度化合物(HEDC),本文由四乙酰基二甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TADFIW)合成了HNW。所合成的HNW中含有少量(2%～3%)的未硝解完全的副产物,经分离鉴定,确定其为五硝基一甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷(PNMFIW)。以此路线合成HNW有以下优点：催化剂耗量低,反应条件温和,得率高,流程简单等。     

异伍兹烷衍生物的研究进展

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW或CL-20)是当今世界上综合性能最好的单质炸药,在20余年的研究过程中,各国研究者合成出了百余种异伍兹烷衍生物.根据笼体上取代基的不同以及合成反应的类型,系统总结了各类衍生物的合成、用途及反应性.最后对异伍兹烷衍生物的发展方向进行了展望.     

六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷的氧化反应性

研究了2，4，6，8，10，12－六苄基－2，4，6，8，10，12－六氮杂四环[5．5．0．0^5,9．0^3.11]十二烷在多种氧化条件下的氧化反应性，得到了一系列新的六氮杂异伍兹烷衍生物，并利用两步法以较高的收率得到期望的化合物六苯甲酰基六氮杂异伍兹烷。     

《化学通报》网络版（Chemistry Online）2006年第7期论文摘要

[w069]近20年问世的5个新高能量密度化合物Five Novel High Energy Density Compounds Synthesized in the Latest20Years欧育湘王艳飞刘进全孟征(北京理工大学材料科学与工程学院北京100081)论述和分析了近20年来问世的5个新高能量密度化合物2,4,6,8,10,12-六硝基-2,4,6,8,10,12-六氮杂异伍兹烷(HNIW)、1,3,3-三硝基氮杂环丁烷(TNAZ)、八硝基立方烷(ONC)、二硝酰胺铵(ADN)及1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(DADNE,FOX-7)的特点、合成方法、性能及应用前景,指出了存在的问题及今后应聚焦的研究重点。The synthesis,properties and p…     

三乙酰基三苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TATBIW·0.5H2O)的合成及晶体结构

通过控制六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW)的氢解程度,成功制备了其氢解反应过程中一个重要的中间体三乙酰基三苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(TATBIW),并对其单晶结构(TATBIW·0.5H2O)进行了测定,它属三斜晶系,空间群为P-1,a=0.9893(2)nm,b=1.2624(3)nm,c=1.3396(3)nm;V=1.5963(6)nm3,z=2,Dc=1.194 g·cm-3,该化合物的单晶数据未见文献报道.TATBIW的制备有助于我们进一步了解HBIW的氢解反应机理,提高氢解产品得率.     

原位生成非晶纳米钴高效催化氨硼烷的醇解制氢

用金属钴配合物和过渡金属(Cu,Ni,Co等)原位生成的非晶纳米粒子作为均相、多相催化剂,研究氨硼烷的醇解放氢反应,结果发现原位生成的非晶钴纳米粒子展现出优异的产氢性能。通过10次的催化循环测试,钴纳米粒子放氢催化转换数(TON)可达6 000,最高催化产氢速率(TOF)达515 mol_(H_2)·mol_(metal)~(-1)·h~(-1)。该催化剂制备方便,且产氢稳定性好。此外,对钴纳米粒子催化氨硼烷放氢实验做动力学研究,计算其催化活化能为20.00 kJ·mol~(-1),低于大多数已经报道的其他纳米催化剂催化氨硼烷放氢反应的活化能。通过硼谱的跟踪检测,发现钴纳米催化氨硼烷的醇解反应产物是硼酸三甲酯,并对此催化反应机理进行了初步的解释和讨论。     

几种新型六氮杂异伍兹烷衍生物结构与性能的理论预测—— 高能量密度化合物的寻求

以CN, NC, ONO2, N3, NH2, N2H, NHNH2, N4H和N4H3 9种含氮高能基团为取代基, 分别取代2,4,6,8,10,12-六氮杂异伍兹烷(IW)中亚氨基的6个H原子所形成的9种六氮杂异伍兹烷衍生物作为研究目标分子. 运用密度泛函理论, 在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上求得了它们的分子几何构型、电子结构、解离能(BDE)及IR谱等信息, 并设计等键反应计算了生成热( ). 基于统计热力学原理计算拟合了100～1200 K温度范围内体系的热力学函数, 利用Kamlet-Jacobs方程估算了它们的爆轰性能. 研究结果表明, 9种六氮杂异伍兹烷衍生物存在两种可能的热解引发类型. 在衍生物HNiIW, HBDAIW和HBAIW中, 可能的热解引发键是取代基内部的化学键, 而其余衍生物的热解引发键则可能是骨架N与取代基R之间N—R键. 另外, 硝酸酯基(ONO2)取代所得化合物HNiIW的密度ρ、爆速D及爆压p分别为1.998 g•cm－3, 9.71 km•s－1和44.47 GPa, 完全达到高能量密度化合物(HEDC)的基本要求, 且优于已应用的HNIW, 有望成为新型的HEDC.     

还原剂对Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响

以PVP为保护剂,乙醇(ER)、乙二醇(GR)和水合肼(HR)为还原剂制备了一系列Au-Pd/CeO2催化剂,考察了还原剂对甲醇部分氧化性能的影响,并运用XRD、TPD和TPR等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Au-Pd/CeO2(ER)催化剂具有较大的比表面积,形成的AuxPdy量较多、粒径较小、分散度较高、活性组分与载体的相互作用较强,同时对甲醇的吸附量较大和吸附温度较低。因此,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性和氢气选择性以及较低的CO质量分数。     

Simple preparation and catalytic activity of Pd particles dispersed mesoporous carbons from poly(VDC/MA) containing Pd and Y compounds

We report a simple preparation of Pd particles dispersed mesoporous carbons. The carbons were prepared by steam activation of carbonized vinylidene chloride/methyl acrylate copolymer (poly(VDC/MA)) containing yttrium acetylacetonate (Y(acac)(3)) and palladium acetylacetonate (Pd(acac)(2)). The resulting carbons consist of high contents of mesopore and uniformly dispersed fine Pd particles. We measured the catalytic activities of the carbons obtained for hydrogenation of methyl linoleate. The Pd particles dispersed in mesoporous activated carbons obtained from poly(VDC/MA) containing both Y(acac)(3) and Pd(acac)(2) showed high catalytic activities, compared with the microporous activated carbon obtained from poly(VDC/MA) containing only Pd(acac)(2). Especially Pd particles dispersed in mesoporous carbons exhibited excellent selectivity for hydrogenation of diene (methyl linoleate) to monoene (methyl oleate).     

Enhancement in the catalytic activity of Pd/USY in the heck reaction induced by H2 bubbling

Pd was loaded on ultra stable Y (USY) zeolites prepared by steaming NH(4)-Y zeolite under different conditions. Heck reactions were carried out over the prepared Pd/USY. We found that H? bubbling was effective in improving not only the catalytic activity of Pd/USY, but also that of other supported Pd catalysts and Pd(OAc)?. Moreover, the catalytic activity of Pd/USY could be optimized by choosing appropriate steaming conditions for the preparation of the USY zeolites; Pd loaded on USY prepared at 873 K with 100% H?O gave the highest activity (TOF = 61,000 h?1), which was higher than that of Pd loaded on other kinds of supports. The prepared Pd/USY catalysts were applicable to the Heck reactions using various kinds of substrates including bromo- and chloro-substituted aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Characterization of the acid properties of the USY zeolites revealed that the strong acid site (OH(strong)) generated as a result of steaming had a profound effect on the catalytic activity of Pd.     

Structure and catalytic properties of nanosized alumina supported platinum and palladium particles synthesized by reaction in microemulsion

Mixtures of nanosized platinum and palladium particles have been prepared by reduction of salt-containing microemulsion droplets using hydrazine as the reducing agent. To avoid possible negative effects of the presence of sulfur compounds during the preparation the microemulsion was made using the sulfur-free nonionic polyoxyethylene 4 lauryl ether surfactant. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the as-prepared mixtures contained crystalline platinum particles of fairly homogeneous size (20 to 40 nm) with adsorbed amorphous palladium particles 2 to 5 nm in size. Catalyst samples were prepared by depositing the nanoparticles on a gamma-Al(2)O(3) support followed by heating in air at 600 degrees C. Alloyed particles of platinum and palladium with sizes ranging from 5 to 80 nm were obtained during the heating. The majority of the particles had the fcc structure and their compositional range was dependent upon the Pt:Pd molar ratio of the microemulsion. A catalyst prepared from a microemulsion with a 20:80 Pt:Pd molar ratio showed the highest catalytic activity for CO oxidation, while pure platinum and palladium catalysts showed higher sulfur resistance. These results differ from the performance of conventional wet-impregnated catalysts, where a 50:50 Pt:Pd molar ratio resulted in the highest catalytic activity as well as the highest sulfur resistance.     

Hydrodehalogenation of Halogenated Organic Contaminants from Aqueous Sources by Pd Nanoparticles Dispersed in the Micropores of Pillared Clays Under Transfer Hydrogenation Condition

Palladium nanoparticles dispersed in the micropores of the Al-pillared clay was prepared by chemical reduction of palladium chloride salt. The Al-pillared clay was prepared by insertion of [AlO₄Al₁₂(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺ clusters into clay interlayer and subsequent thermal activation. The pillared clay supported system (Pd/Al–P) was characterized using XRD, IR, UV–Vis, SEM, TEM and sorptometric technique. The expansion of the interlayer space as a result of pillaring was noted for Pd/Al–P system from the XRD study. The TEM study of the supported system indicated well dispersion of the Pd species with particle size in the range of 5–30 nm. The supported Pd particles were used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the hydrodehalogenation of halogenated organics under hydrogen transfer condition using hydrazine hydrate as hydrogen donating agent. The effect of various reaction parameters such as temperature, time, and nature of support, type of hydrogen transfer agents and functionality of substrate was studied in details. The catalytic study clearly indicated superior catalytic activity of the supported Pd system in presence of hydrazine hydrate as hydrogen donating agent. The Al-pillared clay as support influences the dispersion and catalytic activity of the supported Pd nanoparticles.     

Pd/PAMAM(聚酰胺-胺)/SBA-15催化剂的制备及催化性能

利用聚酰胺-胺型(PAMAM)树形分子为模板制备出粒径可控的Pd纳米颗粒(Pd DEN),然后通过超声波法制备了SBA-15分子筛负载的Pd/PAMAM复合材料(Pd SDEN)。XRD和TEM测试表明,负载后Pd纳米颗粒的粒径没有变化,且均匀分布在分子筛的孔道中,SBA-15分子筛的结构也没有变化。以对硝基苯酚还原为例,测试了Pd SDEN的催化性能,与Pd DEN相比,其具有更高的催化效率,重复使用5次后仍具有较好的催化活性,反应速率仅下降4%,且Pd/PAMAM复合材料仍能稳定存在于分子筛的孔道中。     

Pd基无涂层整体式催化剂上甲苯催化燃烧净化研究

采用化学镀法在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷基体上制备了Pd基无涂层整体式催化剂Pd/cord,并对其在甲苯催化燃烧净化反应中的催化性能进行了研究.结果表明,Pd/cord催化剂在钯负载量较低(如为0.24％)时,即可使甲苯从201℃起燃后,突跃到226℃完全转化,表现出良好的甲苯催化燃烧净化性能.该类催化剂在空速6000h-1 ～4...     

Pd/SWNTs负载型催化剂的制备及其催化性能

利用单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)自身的还原性, 将PdCl2溶液中的Pd2+直接还原成金属Pd负载在SWNTs表面上, 制备了具有良好催化性能的Pd/SWNTs负载型催化剂. 通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和热重分析(TG)对Pd/SWNTs 进行了表征, 并利用Suzuki反应对Pd/SWNTs的催化性能进行了测试. 实验结果表明, 用SWNTs与12 mmol·L-1的PdCl2的水溶液直接作用, 得到Pd/SWNTs催化材料的Pd负载量达到14.13%(w, 质量分数), 颗粒分散均匀, 粒径小(2 nm左右), 与SWNTs结合紧密; 用经过H2还原的Pd/SWNTs作催化剂, 在90 ℃下进行Suzuki反应, 30 min后反应就基本完成, 其联苯的产率达到98.10%, 催化活性较高, 可望广泛用于有机合成反应.     

非晶态合金作催化材料的研究IV. 超细非晶态Ni-B催化剂的制备及催化性能研究

采用化学还原法制备了非晶态Ni-B超细粒子催化剂, 所含两种粒子的粒径分别为5~20nm和150nm左右。对环戊二烯常压液相加氢反应的活性测试结果表明, 该催化剂具有很高的活性和选择性, 并且在加氢反应中具有替代Raney Ni和Pd/C催化剂的工业应用潜力。动力学测量表明, 在该催化剂上, 环戊二烯选择加氢生成环戊烯的反应为零级, 环戊烯生成环戊烷的反应为近似一级。     

钯前驱体对汽车尾气处理Pd/Ce_(0.67)Zr_(0.33)O_2催化剂催化性能的影响(英文)

分别以Pd(NO3)2,Pd(NH3)4(NO3)2和H2Pd Cl4为钯前驱体制备了Pd/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2(CZ)催化剂.以硝酸钯为钯前驱体制得的Pd/CZ(NO)催化剂具有较高的储氧量,存在较多的小的钯簇,其钯与载体间相互作用较强,因此在三种新鲜催化剂中对HC和CO的消除表现出了最好的催化活性.以硝酸四氨钯为钯前驱体制得的Pd/CZ(NH)催化剂具有较高的钯分散度,存在较多的大的钯簇,同时存在金属态和氧化态的钯,从而对NO和NO2的消除表现出了较好的催化活性.以氯钯酸为钯前驱体制得的Pd/CZ(Cl)催化剂由于钯分散度较小,钯与载体间作用较弱,存在的CeOCl抑制了氧空穴的生成,因此对各种反应物的催化活性都较低.但Pd/CZ(Cl)催化剂表现出了较好的热稳定性,这是由于老化处理消除了残余的氯物种并且促进了钯与载体间的作用.