F. A. Carey的《有机化学》第4版评介

Ｆ .Ａ .Ｃａｒｅｙ的《有机化学》第 4版于 2 0 0 0年由ＭｃＧｒａｗ ＨｉｌｌＨｉｇｈｅｒＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ出版。Ｆ .Ａ .Ｃａｒｅｙ教授长期从事大班 (3 0 0名以上学生 )普通化学和有机化学的教学工作 ,现任ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＶｉｒｇｉｎｉａ教授 ,曾与Ｒ .Ｊ.Ｓｕｎｄｂｅｒｇ教授合编《高等有机化学》 ,并且与Ｒ .Ｃ .Ａｔｋｉｎｓ教授合编用于有机化学导论课程的《有机化学》。从 1 993年起Ｃａｒｅｙ教授任美国化学ＧＲＥ考试委员会成员。　　《有机化学》第 4版是为本科有机化学两个学期课程编写的 ,它主要是以官能团的…     

R.B.Woodward和当代有机化学

Woodward 1917年生于美国波士顿,1933年16岁时进入麻省理工学院,1937年获得博士学位。以后,他在伊利诺斯大学的暑期讲习班任教一年,后作为Kohler的同工作者回到波士顿,在哈佛大学渡过一生,并一直工作到生命的最后一刻。1938年他已是哈佛大学研究会的初级研究员,这个身份的职责仅是每星期与其他会员共同进餐一次。1941年提升为讲师,1950年成为教授,1953年被任命为Morris-Loeb衔称的化学教授。1960年为Donner衔称的科学教授。1979年7月在他去世后,人们对他的工作给了极高的评价。在Barton,Wasserman以及其他知名的有机化学家的悼     

贝格教授在中国——纪念W.F.Berg教授诞辰八十周年

今年三月三十日是中国人民的挚友,国际感光科学委员会前主席W.F.Berg教授诞辰八十周年纪念日。他虽然离开我们已经三年多了,却永远活在我们的心里。Berg教授不仅是一位学识渊博,经验丰富的学者,也是一位和霭可亲、平易近人的长者。他对中国人民怀有深厚的情谊。在接受中国科学院名誉教授证书时,他曾满怀深情地说:“我晚年的活动能够同十亿伟大中国人民的事业联系在一起,这对我是无上的荣耀”。他十分珍惜这种情谊,因此,他传授知识、介绍经验、提出建议、给予批评,无不真心实意地从中国人民的利益出发,为中国长远的发展着想。     

沉痛悼念国际著名电化学家——ErnestB.Yeager教授

国际著名化学家 ,理论电化学奠基人 ,美国ＣａｓｅＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＲｅｓｅｒｖｅ大学 (ＣＷＲＵ )ＥｒｎｅｓｔＢ .Ｙｅａｇｅｒ教授于 2 0 0 2年 3月 8日不幸逝世 ,享年 77岁 .科学巨星殒落 !学界为之悲恸 !Ｙｅａｇｅｒ教授是国际上公认的电化学界权威 ,一生都贡献给科学事业 ,他把毕生的精力用于探索电化学基本过程的本质 ,在他近 5 0年的科研生涯中共发表学术论文 2 70篇 ,编写专著2 0部 ,为后人留下了非常宝贵的知识财富 .Ｙｅａｇｅｒ教授是开发燃料电池的先驱 ,早在 1 976年于美国国家能源问题与自然资源保护会议上 ,他就预言今后电…     

《2019年诺贝尔化学奖的电化学解读》专辑导读

《2019年诺贝尔化学奖的电化学解读》专辑导读 2019年诺贝尔化学奖颁给了美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校的约翰·古迪纳夫（John B. Goodenough）、美国纽约州立大学宾汉姆顿分校的斯坦利·惠廷厄姆（M. Stanley Whittingham）和日本旭化成公司的吉野彰（Akira Yoshino）三位科学家以表彰他们对锂电池研发的卓越贡献. 　　今年诺奖的颁布正值第二十次全国电化学大会召开之时,作为电化学专业委员会的会刊《电化学》期刊,邀请到华中科技大学黄云辉教授、厦门大学杨勇教授和赵金保教授三位与诺奖获得者比较熟悉的中国学者对此次诺奖背景、创新历程、科学贡献以及鲜为人知的诺奖获得者为人、为事的个人风格进行深度解读. 　　97岁高龄的Goodenough教授的获奖,刷新了诺奖最高龄获奖记录. 黄云辉教授师从Goodenough教授多年,在锂电领域颇有建树. 他从锂离子电池正极材料切入,从Goodenough教授发现钴酸锂的历史讲起,阐述了钴酸锂的发展及应用,同时对Goodenough教授发现另两种正极材料锰酸锂和磷酸铁锂进行评述. 　　厦门大学杨勇教授从事能源电化学多年,出版专著《固态电化学》. 他对John Goodenough和Stan Whittingham教授在锂离子电极材料及其固态电化学过程领域的科学贡献进行了总结. 　　与企业型研究者吉野彰教授有相似的经历,厦门大学赵金保教授曾长期在日本锂离子电池企业主持研发工作. 他从企业研发和技术创新的角度,解读了诺奖背后的激烈的科研竞争. 　　《电化学》期刊希望通过对今年诺贝尔化学奖的深度解读,使读者从基础科学问题到企业研发生产有一个比较全面的认识,深入思考中国锂离子电池,甚至电化学学科的发展现状,积极谋划、布局电化学基础和应用研究,攻克关键技术,力争在国际科技前沿领域占据重要地位.     

F.A.凯库勒生平简介

100年前的1890年3月10日,德国化学会为纪念凯库勒(F.A.Kekulé)教授提出苯的环状结构学说25周年,举行了隆重仪式,他以前的学生拜耳(A.von.Baeyer,1835～1917)做了有关凯库勒学术贡献的长篇发言。凯库勒也做了有关他本人学术经历与生平的讲演,向公众第一次提到了他在近似梦幻的状况下解决苯的环状结构的情景。     

著名有机化学家R.B.伍德沃德

著名的美国有机化学家,哈佛大学的R.B.伍德沃德教授于1979年7月8日因患心脏病突然逝世了。他是当代有机化学的大师之一,由于对有机合成的重大贡献,曾荣获1965年度诺贝尔化学奖。他的不幸逝世使世界化学界感到极其惋惜,因为他正当盛年,近年来不断有重     

近代热化学的奠基者——罗西尼

弗雷德里克·D·罗西尼(Frederich D.Rossini)教授是当代著名的教育家、热力学和热化学家,他和他的同事们在热力学、热化学、科学技术的数据和石油及碳氢化合物的物理化学等领域中作出了巨大的贡献。这些杰出的贡献对科学和技术乃至整个社会都产生了     

《化学中的成就》

本书原版由美国科学与工程研究委员会(SERC)化学分会主席P.Maitlis教授主编,1987年出版。全书共20篇短文,用生动的实例、风趣的文笔简明扼要地介绍了当今化学研究若干有代表性的前沿领域的最新成就及发展趋势。如:用激光作为研究分子结构变化的探针、从分子水平研究抗菌素的作用、制备多     

现代化学动力学的奠基人—迈克尔.波兰尼

迈克尔·波兰尼(1891-1976),20世纪欧洲卓越的物理化学家和科学哲学家。因在化学动力学领域的开创性工作,尤其是创建了过渡态理论,被称为现代化学动力学奠基人之一。本文就迈克尔·波兰尼的生平及其对物理化学的贡献进行了论述。     

化学工程:从基础研究到工业应用

本文介绍了我国中长期发展规划中所制定的化学化工学科发展目标,综述了化学工程学科近十余年来在队伍建设、平台建设和国家级奖励等方面所取得的成果,列举了若干化学工程在传递与过程强化、化工分离过程、精细与药物化工、能源化工和材料化工领域从基础研究到工业化应用的例子和成果,展望了化学工程学科今后发展的方向及目标.     

柳大纲的广博与执著

柳大纲(1904-1991)是20世纪中国著名的化学家、卓越的科研组织者和领导者,是中国硅酸盐化学、盐湖化学和光谱学等方向的先驱,是中国近现代科技史上推动前科学向科学质变的代表人物。他的早期科研经历和成长过程显示,他不仅推动了传统手工业陶瓷、制盐等向现代工业的革新,还使用完善的科学范式与方法来研究陶瓷、玻璃和制盐过程。以上这些积累,使他于1958年以“赛马式”研发模式推动了盐湖钾肥和硼砂生产由手工业跃进到现代工业。他参与筹建并领导中科院化学所,规划和发展其研究领域,进而以中科院化学所为孵育基地,抽调该所力量,建设了中科院青海盐湖所等多个研究机构。他重视人才培养,重视发展中国化学会和期刊建设工作。     

Nikolai Semenovich Kurnakov (to the 150th Anniversary of His Birthday)

The milestones of the life and activity of the outstanding Russian inorganic chemist and metallurgist are outlined; three spheres of his activity are considered: scientific research, educational activity, and science organization. The attention is focused on the elaboration and development of the physicochemical analysis technique, works dealing with natural salt deposits and water-salt systems. N.S. Kurnakov’s role in the development of the coordination chemistry is noted. N.S. Kurnakov’s contribution to education made in Petersburg (Petrograd, Leningrad) and M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University is demonstrated. N.S. Kurnakov’s outstanding role in the foundation of new scientific institutions, his science organizational activity in the Academy of sciences and in the foundation of Russian chemical and metallurgical industries is emphasized.     

Rolf Huisgen,Eminent Chemist and Polymath (1920–2020): In His Own Words and In His Publication Metrics

As a compliment to several other publications that present and honor Rolf Huisgen's research achievements, the first part of this paper reveals the human side of this eminent chemist. From excerpts from many of his personal and professional writings, Huisgen's personality and philosophies of life are revealed. Also revealed is Huisgen functioning as a historian of chemistry. The second part of this paper examines the scientometrics of Huisgen's publication history. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Huisgen's career experienced a major transition in terms of publication metrics and the influence these papers had on the organic chemistry community. This was the result of his research into 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions. Citations to his scientific contributions are well spread over many of his papers, demonstrating his constant work and the building up of a research topic, which continued after his official retirement in 1988. In fact, 17 % of his more than 600 publications appeared after 1988. The majority of Huisgen's papers were co‐authored with his many graduate and postdoctoral students. Consistent with the trend of that era, Huisgen was the sole author of most of his Review articles, and not just those of his many plenary lectures, and it is those Review articles that proved to be his most cited publications. This demonstrates the power and influence of Review articles—secondary sources, in the vocabulary of historians and sociologists of science. In those Review articles, Huisgen principally described the state of the art of 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions—his golden offspring.     

Rolf Huisgen,Eminent Chemist and Polymath (1920–2020): In His Own Words and In His Publication Metrics

As a compliment to several other publications that present and honor Rolf Huisgen's research achievements, the first part of this paper reveals the human side of this eminent chemist. From excerpts from many of his personal and professional writings, Huisgen's personality and philosophies of life are revealed. Also revealed is Huisgen functioning as a historian of chemistry. The second part of this paper examines the scientometrics of Huisgen's publication history. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Huisgen's career experienced a major transition in terms of publication metrics and the influence these papers had on the organic chemistry community. This was the result of his research into 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. Citations to his scientific contributions are well spread over many of his papers, demonstrating his constant work and the building up of a research topic, which continued after his official retirement in 1988. In fact, 17 % of his more than 600 publications appeared after 1988. The majority of Huisgen's papers were co-authored with his many graduate and postdoctoral students. Consistent with the trend of that era, Huisgen was the sole author of most of his Review articles, and not just those of his many plenary lectures, and it is those Review articles that proved to be his most cited publications. This demonstrates the power and influence of Review articles—secondary sources, in the vocabulary of historians and sociologists of science. In those Review articles, Huisgen principally described the state of the art of 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions—his golden offspring.     

环境化学的回顾与展望

环境化学是化学和环境科学的重要分支。文中简要回顾了２０年来环境化学的发展历程、主要成就和我国环境化学研究取得的成绩并对未来环境化学的发展作了简要讨论。     

中学化学卓越教师教学论文内容分析及启示*

教学研究论文是反映中学化学卓越教师专业素质和能力的一项关键指标。针对119名中学化学卓越教师的1 196篇教学论文展开内容分析,研究结果在宏观上反映了中学化学卓越教师教学研究的现状及计量特征,在微观层面上呈现了中学化学卓越教师教学研究的核心内容领域,以期为一线中学化学教师开展教育科研提供重要参考与借鉴。     

土壤胶体化学家虞宏正的学术思想与科学贡献

虞宏正是我国著名的胶体化学与物理化学家、教育家。他扎根西北,融汇世界思想,形成了颇具价值的学术思想,至今仍是当代科学研究的精髓与主导思想。他毕生致力于胶体化学、热力学研究,建立了新的分支学科,开创了土壤科学研究所,培育了几代化学科学家,为中国化学学科和农业科学的发展做出了重要的贡献。     

50 Jahre Pille in Deutschland

The development of the scientific basis and the subsequent realisation of oral birth control is one of the greatest achievements of humankind. Almost legendary industrial and university chemical research efforts, combined with tremendous financial investments from pharmaceutical companies, plus the courage of individuals to influence the public opinion and change the law made this success possible. It has only been since 1961 that women in Europe have a reliable and safe birth control method which all started with chemistry. So let's take a look back and ahead.     

In Memoriam: Herman F. Mark. May 3, 1895-April 6, 1992

Abstract

Professor Herman F. Mark died on April 6, 1992, one month before his 97th birthday. For almost 70 years Herman Mark was in the forefront of polymer chemistry. He was an outstanding scientist, a superb teacher, a fascinating lecturer, an excellent organizer, and a remarkable human being. In the early days of his scientific career he determined the crystal structures of cellulose and a number of other natural and synthetic polymers. He also played a leading role in the develop- ment of the kinetic theory of rubber elasticity, and he was responsible for the simple determination of polymer molecular weights based on viscosity measurements, as represented by the Mark-Houwink equation. What Mark did not actively investi- gate himself, he helped disseminate throughout the rapidly developing field of poly- mer science.