ZSM-5分子筛氮化的密度泛函理论研究

利用量子化学中的密度泛函理论,基于ZSM-5分子筛的8T簇模型,在Gaussian 98程序中采用B3LYP方法和6-311G(d,p)基组计算了ZSM-5分子筛中氮的最佳取代位置.计算结果表明,分子筛骨架中氧原子被氮原子取代的最佳位置为O11和O21位.由于位于B酸位上的O11原子是氮原子的最佳取代位置之一,所以氮化可以减弱分子筛表面的B酸强度.     

TS-1分子筛Lewis酸性的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论和量子力学与分子力学联合的ONIOM2方法对含Ti的MFI分子筛(TS-1)中Ti4+离子在三种不同骨架落位上所表现的Lewis酸性进行了理论研究. 利用碱性探针分子(CO, NH3, 乙腈和吡啶)在骨架Ti活性中心的吸附作用,对吸附络合物的几何结构和吸附能进行了计算,并通过自然键轨道(NBO)分析考察了吸附络合物的电子结构. 结果表明,骨架Ti在T12位表现出明显的Lewis酸性,对NH3分子有较强的吸附作用. NBO分析表明,骨架Ti活性中心的Lewis酸性是由于 Ti - O 键的空σ反键轨道接受碱性探针分子提供的孤对电子;NH3分子吸附导致Ti4+离子由近正四面体中心对称变为五配位的三角双锥对称.     

EU-1分子筛相邻酸性位的DFT计算和酸性表征

利用量子力学中的密度泛函理论(DFT),对EU-1分子筛中与T1、T2、T3、T6、T7、T8位相邻的骨架铝原子的落位稳定性及酸强度进行理论计算.通过计算得知,双Al原子在EU-1分子筛骨架中优先落位于Al7(Si6-Si7)Al8、Al1(Si2-Si2)Al1、Al2(Si1-Si2)Al2、Al1(Si2-Si2)Al3、Al1(Si2)Al3;根据(Al/Si,H)取代能确定了质子的落位,质子氢较易落位于(O12-H)Al1-(O12-H)Al1、(O12-H)Al1-Al1(O13-H)、(O12-H)Al1-Al1(O12-H)、(O14-H)Al2-(O14-H)Al2、Al2(O12-H)-(O14-H)Al2、Al1(O12-H)-(O15-H)Al3、(O26-H)Al7-Al8(O28-H);且根据质子亲和势分析知,EU-1分子筛骨架中质子氢落位于NNN位的Brnsted酸强度小于NNNN位.借助1H MAS NMR分析合成的不同硅铝比的样品,可知硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛Brnsted酸吸收峰的面积增加;由NH3-TPD可知硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛的强酸脱附峰温度降低,酸强度减小.硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛的强酸表现出酸量高、酸强度低的性质.     

用密度泛函理论研究NO在H-ZSM-5分子筛不同酸性位的吸附

利用密度泛函理论(DFT),基于7T簇模型,在B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)水平上研究了NO分子在H-ZSM-5分子筛孔道中α,β,γ酸性位的吸附.在计算过程中,首先对H-ZSM-5的α,β,γ酸性位进行优化计算,然后对NO分子η1-N和η1-O两种吸附模式的红外光谱和吸附能进行计算.计算结果表明,NO分子以η1-N模式吸附于H-ZSM-5分子筛酸性位上,不同酸性位对NO分子的吸附能力排序为:α酸性位>β酸性位>γ酸性位.此外,H-ZSM-5分子筛直型孔道更有利于NO分子的吸附和扩散,因而可更有效地促进NO分子催化分解反应的进行.     

含氮ZSM-5分子筛骨架中氮取代位置的密度泛函计算

运用Gaussian 98程序包, 采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法, 基于ZSM-5分子筛的8T模型, 分别通过6-31G, 6-31G(d)和6-311G(d,p)基组计算了ZSM-5分子筛中氮原子取代前后各O原子和各N原子的能量, 从而得到各O原子与各N原子在骨架中的稳定性及其对氮化取代反应的影响. 计算结果表明, N原子在骨架中的稳定性对氮取代反应的影响较大. ZSM-5分子筛晶体结构中与B酸位处于同一个四面体的O11位置, 为氮原子的最佳取代位置, 因此氮化后分子筛表面的B酸强度得到较大程度的减弱.     

ZSM-5/Y复合分子筛的酸性及其重油催化裂化性能

 ZSM-5/Y是本研究组合成的一种新型复合分子筛材料. 用“两次交换,两次焙烧”和磷 酸氢二铵浸渍方法对该复合分子筛材料进行了改性,采用红外光谱表征了复合分子筛的酸性,研究了磷改性对复合分子筛样品羟基区谱学性质的影响,并与相应的机械混合分子筛样品进 行了对比. 红外光谱数据表明,磷改性后复合分子筛的B酸(主要是中强酸)增加,而机械混合分子筛在各个酸强度区域的B酸量和L酸量都减少. 以新疆重油为原料考察了改性后复合分子 筛样品和机械混合分子筛样品的催化裂化性能. 与相应的机械混合分子筛催化剂相比,磷改 性复合分子筛催化剂具有较高的柴油选择性,其柴油产率增加了4.1个百分点,柴汽比增加了0.11,总轻油产率与机械混合分子筛相当. 用气体产物中的CMR(裂化机理比)和C3/C4比 值分析了复合分子筛的催化性能与其聚集体结构的关系.     

镧改性提高ZSM-5分子筛水热稳定性

基于12T 团簇模型, 利用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了ZSM-5 分子筛的水解脱铝机理以及镧改性提高ZSM-5分子筛水热稳定性的机理. 对未改性分子筛水解脱铝机理的研究表明, 首先是第一个水分子吸附在分子筛表面的酸性位上, 对分子筛的Al—O键起弱化作用, 使Al—O键伸长; 接着第二个水分子吸附到分子筛表面,分别与第一个水分子和分子筛骨架形成氢键, 进一步弱化与其最邻近的Al—O键, 并引致该键断裂. 同样, 其它的三个Al—O键也被削弱并逐一断裂, 从而发生分子筛水解脱铝现象. 引入的镧物种与分子筛骨架的四个O原子成键, 将铝包埋, 增加了分子筛孔壁厚度, 增大了水分子攻击铝的空间位阻, 抑制了水分子对Al—O键的弱化, 从而延缓Al—O键的断裂, 提高分子筛的水热稳定性. 计算的水分子吸附能和水解能进一步证实镧的引入提高了ZSM-5分子筛的水热稳定性.     

同晶置换改性FAU分子筛结构及吸附性能的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,考察了八面沸石(FAU)型分子筛β笼孔道结构内含氧化合物(甲醇、二甲醚、丙醛)的吸附,并进一步计算研究了Zn,Ca同晶置换改性的作用机理.研究结果表明,β笼孔道结构内,Al原子为甲醇、二甲醚和丙醛的吸附活性位,Si原子无吸附活性.Zn,Ca掺杂的β笼结构内,正2价的Zn和Ca掺杂替换正3价的Al,导致邻近的Si原子位置形成缺电子空穴,增强了甲醇、二甲醚和丙醛的吸附,而杂原子Zn和Ca本身并没有吸附活性.     

ZSM-5分子筛硅铝比与其催化性能关系的量子化学研究

利用Gaussian03计算软件包,在DFT-B3LYP/3-21G水平上对ZSM-5分子筛128T簇模型进行了研究.通过分析T—O—T基团键角、桥羟基键长、质子电荷和分子轨道能隙等数据,讨论了ZSM-5分子筛硅铝比与其Br nsted酸性的关系,预测了其催化性能.计算结果表明,ZSM-5分子筛硅铝比越低,酸性越强,相应的催化性能越好,与实验结果相符.     

Mo/ZSM-5 分子筛碳化钼活性中心结构及甲烷活化机理的密度泛函理论研究

 应用密度泛函理论 (DFT) 研究了 Mo/HZSM-5 分子筛上碳化钼活性中心的几何结构和电子结构, 以及甲烷 C–H 键在该活性中心上的活化机理. 设计了两种碳化钼单体模型 Mo(CH2)2/ZSM-5 和 Mo(CH2)2CH3/ZSM-5, 两种碳化钼双体模型 Mo2(CH2)4/ZSM-5 和 Mo2(CH2)5/ZSM-5. 其中单钼模型构建在 ZSM-5 分子筛孔道交叉点 T6 位的 Brönsted 酸位上, 双钼模型构建在 T6---T6 相邻双酸位上. 这些模型中都有 Mo=CH2 键, 结构优化后得到的 Mo–C 键长与实验值吻合. 所有模型的前线分子轨道都在 Mo=CH2 的 π 键上. 甲烷活化过程是发生 C–H 键异裂, H+和 H3C–残基分别进攻 Mo=CH2 键的 C 和 Mo, 使 π 键同时断裂. 在以上 4 种碳化钼模型上, 甲烷 C–H 键活化能都在 106~196 kJ/mol, 且 Mo2(CH2)5/ZSM-5 在甲烷活化过程中显示出最高的催化活性.     

Acid properties of the HZSM-12 zeolite with different Si/Al ratio by thermo-programmed desorption

In this work was studied the acid properties of a series of HZSM-12 zeolites with different Si/Al molar ratio. The samples of ZSM-12 were synthesized by the hydrothermal method starting from a gel with the following molar composition: 20MTEA:10Na₂O:xAl₂O₃:100SiO₂:200H₂O, where: x=2, 1, 0.67 and 0.50, respectively. After the synthesis, the samples of ZSM-12 were ion-exchanged NH₄Cl solution to obtain zeolite in the acid form (HZSM-12). The acid properties were evaluated by n-butylamine thermodesorption in a TG equipment at three different heating rates. The model-free kinetic model was applied in the TG integral curves to estimate the apparent activation energy (E _a) of the n-butylamine desorption process. The results obtained showed that the HZSM-12 zeolite presents two kinds main of acid sites: one with E _a in the range of 115-125 kJ mol^-1 classified as weak and other kind with E _a varying of 230-250 kJ mol^-1 classified as strong. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Density Functional Investigations into the Adsorption of Methanol on Isomorphously Substituted ZSM—5

The adsorption of methanol in the acid sites of zeolites has attracted a great deal of attention because of its relevance to the industrial methanol to gasoline conversion process. In this work, the B3LYP hybrid density functional method was used to investigate the adsorption behavior of methanol on Bronsted acid sites in B, Al, Ga and Fe isomorphously substituted ZSM-5 zeolites. The optimized structures reveal a physisorbed methanol interacting with the zeolite framework through two hydrogen bonds. The order of the computed adsorption energy correlates with the acid strength of the isomorphously substituted ZSM-5: B-ZSM-5《Fe-ZSM-5相似文献   

A theoretical study of hydrothermal stability of P-modified ZSM-5 zeolites

Density functional theory was employed to study the hydrothermal stability of P-modified ZSM-5 zeolites using cluster models. The calculations of hydrolysis energies indicated that the introduction of phos-phorus increases the hydrothermal stability of ZSM-5 zeolites. The initial paths of dealumination were studied with explicit water molecules. It was found that the framework Al—O coordination bond can be replaced by coodination bonds between water molecules and the aluminium. One to three water molecules ...     

ZSM—12沸石的合成

在水热体系中以甲基三乙基碘化铵为结构导向剂合成了ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＝３２．２～∞的ＺＳＭ－１２分子筛，ＸＲＤ和ＩＲ证明它们具有ＭＴＷ拓扑结构；并以ＳＥＭ和ＤＴＡ表征晶体形貌和热稳定性，考察了催化性能。     

Modeling of monolayer adsorption of hydrogen on ZSM‐5 zeolite by lattice density functional theory

The adsorption isotherms of hydrogen on microporous zeolite ZSM‐5, at supercritical conditions, have been modeled using the monolayer lattice density functional theory (LDFT) models, where the simple cubic lattice, face‐centered cubic lattice, body‐centered cubic lattice and tetragonal lattice structures are assumed for the arrangements of the adsorption sites inside pores based on the size and shape of the zeolite. The results indicate that the monolayer LDFT models appear to be effective in describing hydrogen adsorption on zeolite ZSM‐5 at supercritical conditions, and the calculated adsorption isotherms agree well with the experimental isotherms measured previously. The layer density of adsorbed phase is presented versus the bulk density and temperature. It is found that the densities of adsorbed phase on adsorbent surface are much higher than the bulk density for temperature range under study. However, in the core region, the layer densities are close to the bulk density. The monolayer adsorption is suitable for hydrogen on ZSM‐5 zeolite. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

应用理论计算研究MCM-22分子筛相邻酸性位上乙烯和苯的吸附

应用ONIOM计算方法研究了MCM-22分子筛超笼12元环上存在两个酸性位时的酸强度及其与骨架铝之间距离的关系,并研究了乙烯和苯分子吸附的规律.计算采用52T簇模型和B3LYP/6-31G**/MNDO方法.结果表明,存在两个酸性位且两个骨架铝之间间隔1个骨架硅时,酸强度比孤立的酸性位明显降低;当间隔的硅原子数增加时,酸强度呈上升趋势,间隔3个以上骨架硅时,其酸强度与孤立的酸性位几乎没有差别.对于乙烯的吸附,当两个骨架铝之间间隔1~4个骨架硅时,其吸附能几乎没有差别(31~35 kJ/mol);对于苯的吸附,当两个骨架铝之间间隔1个骨架硅时,其吸附能有所提高,因为两个桥羟基同时对苯分子产生氢键吸附作用.当两个骨架铝之间的距离增大时,苯的吸附能几乎相同(21~29 kJ/mol).若两个乙烯分子或苯分子同时吸附在双酸性位上,其吸附能与单个分子在孤立酸性位吸附时几乎没有差别.应用自然键轨道计算分析了吸附配合物的电子结构,进一步探明了乙烯和苯在分子筛酸性位上吸附的本质.     

Toluene Alkylation to Selective Formation of p-Xylene over Co-Crystalline ZSM-12/ZSM-5 Catalyst

The alkylation of toluene with methanol to selective formation of p-xylene has been systematically studied. ZSM-12 (MTW)/ZSM-5 co-crystalline zeolite in 40:60 proportions have been synthesized by the same molar gel composition, but at different temperatures and periods than that of ZSM-12 and ZSM-5, separately. All the prepared samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, and XRF. The activity of toluene alkylation was investigated with a mixture of toluene and methanol as a feed over the ZSM-12, ZSM-12/ZSM-5 co-crystalline, ZSM-5, and physical mixture of ZSM-12/ZSM-5. Prom characterization, it is observed that the ZSM-12/ZSM-5 co-crystalline material is different from that of ZSM-12, ZSM-5, and their physical mixture. Further, the ZSM-12/ZSM-5 co-crystalline zeolite produces the highest content of xylene and has better selectivity for p-xylene than ZSM-12, ZSM-5, and their physical mixture.