氧化锌有序结构在Au(111)和Cu(111)上的生长

利用NO₂或O₂作为氧化剂,研究了氧化锌在Au(111)和Cu(111)上的生长和结构。NO₂表现了更好的氧化性能,有利于有序氧化锌纳米结构或薄膜的生长。在Au(111)和Cu(111)这两个表面上,化学计量比氧化锌都形成非极性的平面化ZnO(0001)的表面结构。在Au(111)上,NO₂气氛下室温沉积锌倾向于形成双层氧化锌纳米结构;而在更高的沉积温度下,在NO₂气氛中沉积锌则可同时观测到单层和双层氧化锌纳米结构。O₂作为氧化剂时可导致形成亚化学计量比的ZnO_x结构。由于铜和锌之间的强相互作用会促进锌的体相扩散,并且铜表面可以被氧化形成表面氧化物,整层氧化锌在Cu(111)上的生长相当困难。我们通过使用NO₂作为氧化剂解决了这个问题,生长出了覆盖Cu(111)表面的满层有序氧化锌薄膜。这些有序氧化锌薄膜表面显示出莫尔条纹,表明存在一个ZnO和Cu(111)之间的莫尔超晶格。实验上观察到的超晶格结构与最近理论计算提出的Cu(111)上的氧化锌薄膜结构相符,具有最小应力。我们的研究表明,氧化锌薄膜的表界面结构可能会随氧化程度或氧化剂的不同而变化,而Cu(111)的表面氧化也可能影响氧化锌的生长。当Cu(111)表面被预氧化成铜表面氧化物时,ZnO_x的生长模式会发生变化,锌原子会受到铜氧化物晶格的限域形成单位点锌。我们的研究表明了氧化锌的生长需要抑制锌向金属基底的扩散,并阻止亚化学计量比ZnO_x的形成。因此,使用原子氧源有利于在Au(111)和Cu(111)表面上生长有序氧化锌薄膜。     

Cu单原子修饰对Fe(111)表面CO吸附性能及电子性质调变的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论方法研究了Cu单原子修饰对Fe(111)表面CO吸附性能和电子性质的调变作用,其中,Cu单原子修饰研究了吸附和取代两种方式。结果表明,CO在Cu修饰的Fe(111)面吸附能力都会变弱,一是Cu原子自身提供的位点对CO的吸附较弱;二是Cu会使其附近的Fe对CO的吸附变弱。分析电子性质表明,Cu作用于Fe表面后,会导致Cu附近Fe原子部分电子向Cu原子转移,进而削弱了Fe与吸附分子间电子交互作用而改变Fe原子的吸附能力。故Cu原子改性Fe表面可以很好地调变CO的吸附、解离及后续反应催化活性,这为进一步探究Cu改性Fe表面的合成气催化反应机理提供了基础信息。     

离子液体中Au(111)和Pt(111)表面Ge欠电位沉积的现场STM研究

本文研究BMIPF₆离子液体中Au(111)和Pt(111)表面Ge的电沉积行为. 循环伏安法测试结果表明,在含0.1 mol·L^-1 GeCl₄的BMIPF₆溶液Au(111)和Pt(111)表面均有两个与Ge沉积过程相关的还原峰. 第一个还原峰包含了Ge⁴⁺还原成Ge²⁺及Ge的欠电位沉积,第二个还原峰对应Ge的本体沉积. 现场扫描隧道显微镜研究结果表明,Ge在Au(111)和Pt(111)表面均有两层欠电位沉积. 第一层欠电位沉积厚度约为0.25 nm、形貌平整、带有缝隙的亚单层结构. 第二层欠电位沉积形貌相对粗糙的点状团簇结构. 该欠电位沉积过程伴随表面合金化.     

Schiff碱N-aete-N在Au(111)上自组装单分子膜的电化学及STM研究

利用电化学技术及扫描隧道显微镜(STM),于0.1mol/LHClO₄溶液中研究了Schiff碱N-aete-N在单晶Au(111)面上所形成的自组装单分子膜(SAMs)的电化学性质及结构.N-aete-N在Au(111)电极表面的吸附抑制了金的阳极氧化,同时使固/液界面双层电容明显降低.观察到N-aete-NSAMs的高分辨STM图像.N-aete-N分子在Au(111)表面上以(6×7)结构单胞呈二维有序排列,其表面浓度为5.5×10^-11mol/cm².     

Sb在Au单晶电极上结构敏感吸附行为的比较

本文研究比较Sb(III)在Au(111)和Au(100)电极上的不可逆吸附与还原和Sb的欠电位沉积行为及其相互影响.现场扫描隧道显微镜和循环伏安法测试结果表明,基底表面结构不仅影响阴离子的吸附行为和Sb的吸附结构,而且还影响其自身结构的稳定性.在Au(111)表面,致密无序膜的SbO+不可逆吸附层还原后基本保持原有的无序结构;而在Au(100)表面,由于SO42-的共吸附,不可逆吸附物种还原后形成(2×2)有序结构.在Au(111)表面上,Sb的欠电位沉积伴随显著的合金化,且因表面有序结构的破坏而形成沟道状二维结构;但对Au(100)表面,由于其晶格和尺寸与稳定的AuSb2合金之(100)面有较好的匹配性,使Au与Sb得以形成有序的表面化合物,从而避免了欠电位沉积过程中的表面合金化问题,进一步体现基底结构的敏感性和重要性.     

三聚氰胺与蜜勒胺在Au (111)表面的自组装和氢键识别

Melamine and melem molecules are widely used precursors for synthesizing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), the latter also a hot two-dimensional material with photocatalytic applications. The molecular structures of both are respectively identical to the repeating units of two distinct g-C₃N₄ phases. In this work, the adsorption and self-assembly of melamine and melem on an Au(111) surface were investigated with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Particularly, the patterns of hydrogen bonds (HBs) in their assemblies were identified and compared. It was found that melamine can only form one type of HB and two kinds of assembly structures, whereas melem can form three types of HBs and six kinds of assembly structures in total. Moreover, the involved HBs can be transformed by tip manipulation. These findings may provide a new strategy for tuning the functionality of surface self-assemblies by manipulating intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This also paves a route for the in situ synthesis of g-C₃N₄ on metallic surfaces and subsequent investigations of their physicochemical properties.     

甲醇在Au(111)表面吸附的密度泛函研究

 采用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论和周期平板模型相结合的方法,对CH3OH分子在Au(111)表面top, fcc, hcp和bridge位的吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算以及Mulliken布居分析,结果表明top位是较有利的吸附位. 吸附的CH3OH解离产生甲氧基CH3O和H, 对它们在Au(111)面的吸附进行的计算表明, bridge和fcc位分别是二者的最佳吸附位. 对过渡态的计算给出了CH3OH在Au表面解离吸附的可能机理: 首先发生 O-H 键的断裂,继而生成甲氧基中间体.     

Au/Pd(111)双金属表面催化噻吩加氢脱硫的反应机理

采用密度泛函理论（DFT）计算了Pd（111）表面含有N（N=1-4）个Au原子数目时的表面形成能,选取最优构型进一步研究了噻吩在Au/Pd（111）双金属表面的吸附模式及加氢脱硫反应过程. 结果表明：当Pd（111）表面含有1个Au原子时,其形成能最低. 在Au/Pd（111）双金属表面噻吩初始吸附于Pd-Hcp-30°位时,其构型最稳定. 在各加氢脱硫过程中,反应总体均放出热量. 对于直接脱硫机理,其所需活化能较低,但脱硫产物较难控制;对于间接脱硫机理,反应最有可能按照顺式加氢方式进行,C―S键断裂开环时所需活化能最高,是反应的限速步骤. 此外,与单一Au（111）面及Pd（111）面相比,Au/Pd（111）双金属表面限速步骤的反应能垒最低,表明AuPd双金属催化剂比Au、Pd单金属催化剂更有利于噻吩加氢脱硫反应的进行.     

Cu(001)表面CO吸附单层结构和电子态的第一性原理研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了Cu(001)表面CO吸附单层的表面性质. 总能计算结果表明, 顶位结构总能最低, 相应位置的CO分子吸附能最大. 谷位吸附结构的衬底原子层间距相对于清洁表面的膨胀量约为10%, 从而导致了谷位吸附的不稳定性. 在顶位、桥位和谷位三个吸附结构中, C和Cu原子之间的距离dC-Cu分别为0.1868、0.1975和0.2231 nm, 对应的CO分子键长为0.1154、0.1165 和0.1175 nm. 计算了CO分子的态密度(DOS). 结果表明, 衬底与分子的作用主要是分子和金属轨道的杂化. 在吸附过程中, 电荷主要从碳原子的s轨道向p轨道转移. 在顶位、桥位和谷位吸附结构中, 每个碳原子内电荷的转移量分别为0.45e、0.54e 和0.55e. 衬底向吸附分子的电荷转移量不大, CO 吸附分子层为一绝缘层.     

Au/Pd(111)双金属表面催化噻吩加氢脱硫的反应机理

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了Pd(111)表面含有N(N=1-4)个Au原子数目时的表面形成能,选取最优构型进一步研究了噻吩在Au/Pd(111)双金属表面的吸附模式及加氢脱硫反应过程.结果表明:当Pd(111)表面含有1个Au原子时,其形成能最低.在Au/Pd(111)双金属表面噻吩初始吸附于Pd-Hcp-30°位时,其构型最稳定.在各加氢脱硫过程中,反应总体均放出热量.对于直接脱硫机理,其所需活化能较低,但脱硫产物较难控制;对于间接脱硫机理,反应最有可能按照顺式加氢方式进行,C―S键断裂开环时所需活化能最高,是反应的限速步骤.此外,与单一Au(111)面及Pd(111)面相比,Au/Pd(111)双金属表面限速步骤的反应能垒最低,表明AuPd双金属催化剂比Au、Pd单金属催化剂更有利于噻吩加氢脱硫反应的进行.     

Structure of Reconstructed Cu(100) Surface Induced by Dissociative Adsorption of Gaseous Oxygen

The reconstructed structures of Cu(100) surface induced by O₂ dissociative adsorption wereinvestigated by low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. At lower oxygen coverage, it was found that two reconstructed structures, i.e. c(2×2)-O and (√2×2√2)R45°-O are coexistent. The domain size of the c(2×2)-O structure decreased with the increasing of O₂ exposure. The reconstructed structure at very small coverage was also investigated and a “zigzag” structure was observed at this stage. The “zigzag” structure was identified as boundaries of local c(2×2) domains. It was found that the strip region shows much stronger molecule-substrate interaction than that of oxygen covered regions, making it a proper template for patterned organic films. The sequence of the thermal stability was found as zigzag structure>c(2×2)>(√2×2√2)R45°-O.     

碱基腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶在Au(111)电极上的共吸附

用循环伏安法(CV)和电化学扫描隧道显微镜(ECSTM)在HClO4溶液中研究了配对碱基腺嘌呤(Adenine,A)与胸腺嘧啶(Thymine,T)在Au(111)电极上的共吸附行为.CV曲线表明,A和T的电化学共吸附行为更接近于A的电化学吸附行为.高分辨STM图像显示,在物理吸附区域碱基A和T分子之间通过氢键作用形成一种不同于单组分的网络结构.根据STM图像提出一个可能的模型,并给出了在Au(111)电极上共吸附时A和T分子之间可能的氢键作用方式.     

Near Ambient Pressure Adsorption of Nickel Carbonyl Contaminated CO on Cu(111) Surface

Formation of volatile nickel carbonyls with CO in catalytic reaction is one of the mechanisms of catalyst deactivation. CO is one of the most popular probe molecules to study the surface properties in model catalysis. Under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions, the problem of nickel carbonyl impurity almost does not exist in the case that a high purity of CO is used directly. While in the near ambient pressure (NAP) range, nickel carbonyl is easily found on the surface by passing through the Ni containing tubes. Here, the NAP techniques such as NAP-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and NAP-scanning tunneling microscopy are used to study the adsorption of nickel carbonyl contaminated CO gas on Cu(111) surface in UHV and NAP conditions. By controlling the pressure of contaminated CO, the Ni-Cu bimetallic catalyst can form on Cu(111) surface. Furthermore, we investigate the process of CO adsorption and dissociation on the formed Ni-Cu bi-metal surface, and several high-pressure phases of CO structures are reported. This work contributes to understanding the interaction of nickel carbonyl with Cu(111) at room temperature, and reminds the consideration of CO molecules contaminated by nickel carbonyl especially in the NAP range study.     

窄带隙IV-VI族半导体PbTe(111)的表面氧化及氧的热脱附机理

利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描隧道显微镜(STM)以及低能电子衍射(LEED),对PbTe(111)薄膜的表面氧化及氧的热脱附机理进行了研究.结果表明:PbTe(111)薄膜经500VAr+轰击加上250℃高温退火循环处理,可得到呈(1×1)周期性排列的清洁表面.将此清洁表面暴露于大气两天后,表面被氧化形成了PbO2、PbO和TeO2,氧化层的厚度大于2个单原子层(ML),与清洁PbTe(111)表面相比,被氧化的PbTe(111)表面的Te3d5/2与Pb4f7/2芯态谱峰的面积比明显减小,表明被氧化的PbTe(111)表面是富Pb的.在热脱附处理过程中,PbO2和TeO2的芯态峰消失,且O1s芯态峰的强度迅速减弱,表明加热处理不仅使PbO2和TeO2发生了分解,同时也使氧发生了脱附,但PbO即使在350℃退火仍吸附于PbTe(111)表面.     

Electrochemical Studies of the Benzoate Adsorption on Au (111) Electrode

Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential capacity (DC), and charge densitymeasurements have been employed to study the benzoate (BZ) adsorption at the Au(111)electrode surface. Thermodynamic analysis of charge density (_M) data has beenperformed to describe the properties of the adsorbed benzoate ion. The Gibbsexcess , Gibbs energy of adsorption G, and the number of electrons flowingto the interface per adsorbed benzoate ion at a constant potential (electrosorptionvalency) and at a constant bulk concentration of the benzoate (reciprocal of theEsin—Markov coefficient) have been determined. The results demonstrate thatalthough benzoate adsorption starts at negative charge densities, it takes placepredominantly at a positively charged surface. At the most positive potentials,the surface concentration of benzoate attains a limiting value of about 7.3×10^–10mol-cm^–2, which is independent of the bulk benzoate concentration. This valueis consistent with packing density corresponding to a closed-packed monolayerof vertically adsorbed benzoate molecules. At negative charge densities, benzoateassumes a flat (-bonded) surface coordination. The surface coordination ofbenzoate changes, by moving from a negatively to positively charged surface.At the negatively charged surface, the electrosorption bond is quite polar. Thepolarity of the chemisorption bond is significantly reduced due either to a chargetransfer or a screening of the charge on the anion by the charge on the metal.     

A Periodic Density Functional Study on Adsorption Properties of Methoxy on Au（111） Surface

1INTRODUCTION Methoxy(CH3O)has been identified as the first intermediate in the decomposition of methanol on extensive list of clean transition metal surfaces,such as Ni(100)[1],Cu(100)[2,3],Cu(111)[4],Ag(111)[5],Au(110)[6],Pd(111)[7]and Ru(0001)[8].The electronic structure of the metal is a determining factor in OH bond scission.In fact,group IB clean surfaces have shown very low activity towards this reaction,al-though there are reports on low amounts of methoxy formed on clean Cu(…     

Tailoring the Self-assembly of Melamine on Au (111) via Doping with Cu Atoms

The doping effect of Cu on the self-assembly film of melamine on an Au(111) surface has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The evaporated Cu adatoms occupy the positions underneath the amino groups and change the hydrogen bonding pattern between the melamine molecules. Accordingly, the self-assembly structure has changed stepwise from a well-defined honeycomb into a track-like and then a triangular structure depending on the amount of Cu adatoms. The interaction between Cu adatom and melamine is moderate thus the Cu adatoms can be released upon mild heating to around 100℃. These findings are different from previous observations of either the coordination assembly or the physically trapped metal adatoms.