关于命名术语“母体氢化物”和“特性基团”的探讨

较详细地探讨了命名术语“母体氢化物”和“特性基团”的概念、含义及其对命名有机化合物的重要意义。通过大量实例说明,用母体氢化物(parent hydride)的名称统一处理碳氢化物和其他杂原子氢化物的命名,可以更系统、更方便、更清晰地命名有机化合物;用特性基团(characteristic group)代替官能团(functional group)来命名有机化合物,使每个原子只能被描述一次,不能被重复描述,从而更加准确地命名有机化合物。     

常见有机化合物中英文命名的新教学法*

基于英文命名的新有机化合物命名规则于2017年颁布以来,掌握有机化合物的英文命名就变得更加重要。介绍了有机化合物中英文命名的一种新教学方法,含单种特性基团化合物可以分为烃和非烃2类,根据官能团编号的特点,按照链状和环状化合物分类。含多种特性基团化合物主要考虑基团作为母体基团的优先顺序,以及醛和羧酸及其衍生物为取代基时其碳原子是否作为主链和环母体部分,分别开展有机化合物中英文命名教学,便于教师教和方便学生学,在教学实践中深受师生欢迎。     

新原则下大学有机化学中“特性基团化合物”的命名

从特性基团的概念出发，详细介绍了新版《有机化合物命名原则2017》中的特性基团的高位（优先）次序、最低位次（组）、CIP顺序等规则，并结合具体实例与1980版对应规则进行了对比分析，以便广大师生尽快适应并运用新原则开展学术交流与教学实践。     

2017年版有机化合物命名原则在链状烃类母体氢化物教学中的应用

以链状烃类母体氢化物为例,从主链的选取、编号,取代基的表达与排序,化合物名称的书写等几个方面,对比分析了新旧命名原则的异同。以帮助大学有机化学授课教师和学生温故知新,尽快理清思路,有的放矢地开展有机物2017年版命名原则的教和学。     

取代命名法的一般步骤及其中的各种顺序规则

以母体氢化物的确定及命名为基础和出发点，总结了有机化合物命名中最常用的取代法命名的一般操作步骤，梳理了其中的各种顺序规则。     

基于《有机化合物命名原则2017》的链状烃类化合物命名教学*

中国化学会于2017年发布的《有机化合物命名原则2017》给有机化学教学带来了新的挑战。链状烃类化合物命名是整个有机化合物命名的基础,本文结合教学实践,在介绍链状烃类化合物命名教学过程中所涉及基本知识点的基础上,通过实例说明新命名原则下,如何系统命名链状烃类化合物,并明晰了复杂取代基的命名及取代基前缀是否计入字母排序,旨在为链状烃类化合物命名教学提供直接的借鉴和参考。     

对《有机化合物命名原则2017》中有关“顺序”问题的思考

在仔细学习《有机化合物命名原则2017》的基础上,将新规定中与1980版相比的主要变化,从主体基团选择顺序、取代基列出顺序、主体结构编号顺序、取代基及主体基团位次编号插入的位置、立体化学中的"顺序规则"等几个方面进行归纳与总结,以简洁明了的方式为有机化学的学习与教学提供一份参考。     

有机化合物命名原则(2017)的简化及在有机化学教材中的应用

在对《有机化合物命名原则(2017)》基本原则进行梳理的基础上,对一些调整后的规则进行简化,使其适用于本科有机化学教学中有机化合物的命名。并结合实例,对命名的原则及用法进行说明。     

浅议基于《有机化合物命名原则2017》的复杂有机化合物命名教学

为了促进有机化合物命名教学的与时俱进,总结了《有机化合物命名原则2017》在教学方面所做的重要修订之处。并对如何利用《有机化合物命名原则2017》新规命名复杂有机化合物提出了具体教学建议。     

用5个字凝练有机化合物系统命名的主要原则

用“含”、“长”、“多”、“低”、“小”5个字凝练有机化合物系统命名中选择母体及母体编号的基本原则,并通过举例分析,详细说明这5个字在烃、醇、醛、酮、羧酸、脂环化合物、芳香族化合物、卤代烃系统命名法中的运用.     

解读《有机化合物命名原则-2017》 ——新老命名原则的比较及常见取代基的命名

The differences between "Nomenclature of Organic Compounds-2017" and "Nonmenclature of Organic Chemistry (1980)" issued by Chinese Chemical Society are described. The general principles and numbering methods for naming substituent groups commonly used in organic chemistry for undergraduates are analyzed and explained; the proper systematic names are recommended to benefit classroom teaching and academic communication. Moreover, the principles such as systemization, standardization, simplification, uniformization, and "looking afterward" are proposed. Some recommendations are further presented:1) numbering the carbon skeleton of the substituent without compulsory numbering rule always begins at the point of attachment; 2) only preserving a minority of trivial names (common names); 3) naming methanoyl (formyl)-analogue groups following the name of methanoyl.     

浅议基于《有机化合物命名原则2017》的复杂有机化合物

In order to promote and keep pace with the teaching of new nomenclature of organic compounds, some important revisions about teaching organic nomenclature suggested in Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 2017 were summarized. We proposed some concrete suggestions for using the new principles of the Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 2017 to name the complex organic compounds.     

Nomenclature of Carbohydrates

These Recommendations expand and replace the Tentative Rules for Carbohydrate Nomenclature [1] issued in 1969 jointly by the IUPAC Commission on the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry and the IUB-IUPAC Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (CBN) and reprinted in [2]. They also replace other published JCBN Recommendations [3-71 that deal with specialized areas of carbohydrate terminology; however, these documents can be consulted for further examples. of relevance to the field, though not incorporated into the present document, are the following recommendations:

• Nomenclature of cyclitols, 1973 [8]

• Numbering of atoms in myo-inositol, 1988 [9]

• Symbols for specifying the conformation of polysaccharide chains, 1981 [10]

• Nomenclature of glycoproteins, glycopeptides and peptidoglycans, 1985 [11]

• Nomenclature of glycolipids, in preparation [12]

The present Recommendations deal with the acyclic and cyclic forms of monosaccharides and their simple derivatives, as well as with the nomenclature of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. They are additional to the Definitive Rules for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry [13,14] and are intended to govern those aspects of the nomenclature of carbohydrates not covered by those rules.     

化学药物(复杂有机物)系统命名的步骤与方法

理解并掌握药物化学名是药学专业学生和药师在药物化学学习和药学服务工作中经常遇到的难题。本文在广泛查阅文献资料的基础上系统、详细地总结化学药物系统命名的步骤和方法,同时对《有机化合物命名原则(2017)》与《有机化学命名原则(1980)》进行对比,并结合2个代表药进行解释说明。该步骤和方法具有系统、详细的特点,对药学专业学生和药师理解并掌握药物化学名具有较大的帮助作用。     

一个用于含C, H, O的有机化合物结构解析专家系统

本文以1,3,3-三甲基-2-氧二环[2,2,2]辛烷为例, 介绍了结构解析专家系统ESESOC.I. 综合利用IR、13^C NMR进行结构解析的过程, 特别是对结构解析专家系统的核心部分, 即整体结构对接作了详细地描述。     

Generation of test gases from volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC)

An apparatus for the continuous generation of test gases from organic compounds of the VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) and SVOC (Semivolatile Organic Compounds) categories has been developed. The use of a new test gas generator together with a system of heated transfer lines enabled the dynamic generation of test gases also of components with relatively low vapour pressures. With the help of an on-line coupled gas chromatograph the actual test gas concentrations were monitored. The apparatus has been evaluated for the compounds n-decane and pyrene. Received: 27 August 1998 / Revised: 3 March 1999 / Accepted: 6 March 1999     

Untersuchungen an Stickstoff-Chlor-Verbindungen. VIII. N-Perchlorylverbindungen mit aromatischem System im organischen Rest

Studies on Nitrogen Chlorine Compounds. VIII. N-Perchloryl Compounds Containing an Aromatic System in the Organic Rest To the class of N-perchloryl compounds could be added two new compounds which are the first to contain one or two aromatic systems respectively in the organic rest. One of these compounds contains an acidic hydrogen atom that could be replaced by metal cations. The compounds were characterized as far as possible by analysis, IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy.     

Generation of test gases from volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOC/SVOC)

An apparatus for the continuous generation of test gases from organic compounds of the VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) and SVOC (Semivolatile Organic Compounds) categories has been developed. The use of a new test gas generator together with a system of heated transfer lines enabled the dynamic generation of test gases also of components with relatively low vapour pressures. With the help of an on-line coupled gas chromatograph the actual test gas concentrations were monitored. The apparatus has been evaluated for the compounds n-decane and pyrene. Received: 27 August 1998 / Revised: 3 March 1999 / Accepted: 6 March 1999