脂肪酶Lipozyme 435催化合成海藻糖脂肪酸单酯

本文通过对溶剂系统的优化,以脂肪酶Lipozyme 435为催化剂,叔了醇/吡啶为溶剂,由海藻糖与脂肪酸的酯化反应可高选择性地合成海藻糖单脂肪酸酯.海藻糖单脂肪酸酯的溶解性能和临界胶束浓度(CMC)均随着脂肪链长度的增加而降低.预期具有合适的溶解性和CMC具有可作为安全、高效的新型增溶剂.     

酶催化合成共轭亚油酸甘油酯的溶剂效应

研究了以共轭亚油酸(CLA)和甘油为原料,利用脂肪酶Novozym 435在异辛烷和无溶剂两种反应体系中采用直接酯化法催化合成共轭亚油酸甘油酯,并探讨了温度和时间对溶剂效应的影响.结果表明:在65℃,n(甘油):n(CLA)=2:1,酶添加量为体系总质量的1%的条件下,反应24 h后,不同反应体系中共轭亚油酸的转化率相近,分别为83.44%和88.24%,而所得共轭亚油酸甘油酯的组成有显著差别,分别形成W/O型和O/W型微乳液,前者以单甘酯和二甘酯为主产物,后者以三甘酯为主产物.     

脂肪酶Lipozyme 435催化合成海藻糖单脂肪酸酯

本文通过对溶剂系统的优化,以脂肪酶Lipozyme 435为催化剂,叔丁醇/吡啶为溶剂,由海藻糖与脂肪酸的酯化反应可高选择性地合成海藻糖单脂肪酸酯。海藻糖单脂肪酸酯的溶解性能和临界胶束浓度(CMC)均随着脂肪链长度的增加而降低。预期具有合适的溶解性和CMC具有可作为安全、高效的新型增溶剂。     

失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯的一步法合成

失水山梨醇单月桂酸酯(商品名Span20)用途广泛[1 4]。传统方法[5]生产出的产品色泽深、副产物多、单酯质量分数低、熔融状态下多呈浑浊状态、质量不稳定,仅能用于石油、采矿和纤维等行业,用于食品、医药、化妆品的这类产品绝大部分依赖进口。本文以山梨醇和月桂酸为原料,采用一步法合成的目标产物为乳白色,单酯质量分数大于90%。并对合成方法进行了对比,探讨了各主要影响因素对目标产物色泽和三项指标(酸值、羟值、皂化值)的影响。梨醇的醚化和酯化反应产物是一个复杂的混合物:不仅有单酯及其异构体,还会存在其它二酯、多酯及相应异构…     

气相色谱法测定油脂中棕榈酸单甘油酯与油酸单甘油酯含量

建立了一种利用气相色谱法测定油脂中棕榈酸单甘油酯与油酸单甘油酯含量的方法。样品中加入六甲基二硅氨烷,于９５℃水浴中完成硅烷化反应。样品的平均加标回收率分别为９６．３０％与９７．８２％,ＲＳＤ分别为１．８％与２．１％。最低检出限分别为０．０１μｇ／ｇ与０．１μｇ／ｇ。     

硼酸保护羟基法合成甘油单月桂酸酯

研究了以甘油、月桂酸为原料,用硼酸保护羟基进行酯化反应合成甘油单月桂酸酯的新方法。最佳合成条件是：ｍｏｌ甘油：ｍｏｌ硼酸：ｍｏｌ月桂酸＝２：１：２,对甲苯磺酸（催化剂）用量为月桂酸用量的１．２０％（ｗｔ％）,在２３０℃反应１ｈ,产品收率为９１．２％,单酯含量为９４．８％,产品经ＩＲ分析。     

气相色谱法测定面包中三种单甘油酯含量

建立了气相色谱法检测面包中3种单甘油酯(单辛酸甘油酯、单癸酸甘油酯和单月桂酸甘油脂)含量的分析方法。样品以二氯甲烷-正己烷(1∶1)提取,提取液经浓缩后,用正己烷饱和乙腈萃取,气相色谱测定,外标法定量。3种单甘油酯在20～1 000 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r)大于0.999。3种单甘油酯的定量下限分别为35.2、23.3、12.8 mg/kg,加标回收率为81.1%～95.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.9%～8.8%。该法操作简便、灵敏度高、重现性和选择性好,可用于面包中3种单甘油酯的检测。     

可透皮吸收的白藜芦醇月桂酸单酯的合成与纯化

以白藜芦醇(Res)、月桂酰氯(LC)为原料,在催化剂4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)的作用下,合成白藜芦醇月桂酸酯。实验结果指出:白藜芦醇与月桂酰氯摩尔比为0.8、催化剂为白藜芦醇质量的5%、pH值为11、反应时间为4 h为合成白藜芦醇月桂酸酯的最佳工艺。因素Res/LC摩尔比对白藜芦醇的转化率影响极显著,催化剂添加量和反应体系pH值为较显著。以半制备高效液相色谱分离纯化白藜芦醇月桂酸单酯的条件为:C18柱;检测波长:306nm;柱温:25℃;进样量:18mL;流速:18mL·min~(-1);时间程序:0～30min,甲醇/水(mL·mL~(-1))由50∶50梯度变化至70∶30,30～45min,甲醇与水体积比恒定为70∶30;将半制备分离物进行无水甲醇重结晶,纯度达99.3%。LC-MS、~1H NMR分析表明:该合成物为白藜芦醇月桂酸单酯。透皮实验结果指出:白藜芦醇月桂酸单酯在0.5 h内可全部透过皮肤。     

固定化脂肪酶催化合成6,6'-海藻糖月桂酸酯

 以吸附在硅藻土上的假丝酵母（Candidasp．1619）脂肪酶为催\r\n化剂，在无溶剂体系中，研究了月桂酸与海藻糖的酯化反应．结果表明\r\n，反应温度为47℃，pH为7．0，月桂酸与海藻糖的摩尔比大于6时酯化\r\n反应的转化率较高．在3．2mmol（0．64g）月桂酸、0．2mmol（0．07\r\n6g，即53μl浓度为1．43g／ml的糖溶液）海藻糖和200mg固定化脂肪酶\r\n（1000U）组成的反应体系中，于47℃振荡反应36h，以海藻糖月桂酸双\r\n酯计算，酯化程度达95％以上．用有机溶剂提取的反应产物经薄层色谱\r\n提纯后进行13CNMR分析，结果表明，产物主要是6，6’－海藻糖月桂酸\r\n酯，其纯度为90％～95％．     

无溶剂体系脂肪酶催化合成阿魏酸油醇酯

对无溶剂体系中阿魏酸的转酯化疏水改性进行了研究,确立了减压反应器(0.001 MPa)中Novozym 435脂肪酶催化阿魏酸乙酯和油醇进行转酯化反应合成新型抗氧化剂阿魏酸油醇酯的方法.发现水活度(aw)明显影响转酯反应,阿魏酸油醇酯产率在aw＜0.01-0.75范围内随着水活度的增加而降低,推测底物阿魏酸乙酯和产物阿...     

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of 5′-O-methacryloylcytidine Using the Immobilized Lipase Novozym 435

Nucleobase building blocks have been demonstrated to be strong candidates when it comes to DNA/RNA-like materials by benefiting from hydrogen bond interactions as physical properties. Modifying at the 5′ position is the simplest way to develop nucleobase-based structures by transesterification using the lipase Novozym 435. Herein, we describe the optimization of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of the monomer 5′-O-methacryloylcytidine with the assistance of microwave irradiation. Variable reaction parameters, such as enzyme concentration, molar ratio of the substrate, reaction temperature and reaction time, were investigated to find the optimum reaction condition in terms of obtaining the highest yield.     

亲水改性PBS基共聚物的N435酶降解差异性及分子模拟

在水相体系中, 采用脂肪酶Novozym435对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)分子主链中氧醚键在醇段和酸段的不同位置的共聚物聚(丁二酸丁二醇-co-丁二酸二甘醇酯)[P(BS-co-BDGA)]和聚(丁二酸丁二醇-co-二甘醇酸丁二醇酯)[P(BS-co-DEGS)]进行酶促降解研究. 以分子对接模拟探讨了酶对亲水性底物的识别及相互作用机制. 通过对降解前后不同摩尔比的共聚物薄膜的质量损失率、 亲水性、 热性能以及降解产物的分析, 研究了PBS改性共聚物的降解规律. 结果表明, 随着降解时间的推移, 所有共聚物薄膜的质量损失率升高, 亲水性增强, 热分解温度升高; 降解5 d后, P(BS-co-BDGA)降解产生的低聚物种类比P(BS-co-DEGS)的多. 分子对接结果表明, 醚键在酸段的P(BS-co-BDGA)型酯键与Novozym435酶活性位点的结合比醚键在醇段的P(BS-co-DEGS)型酯键更稳定, 因此, 在N435脂肪酶作用下, P(BS-co-BDGA)比P(BS-co-DEGS)的降解效果好. 实验结果表明, 当DGA摩尔分数为20%时, 降解效果最佳.     

Monopalmityloxy Shikimic Acid: Enzymatic Synthesis and Anticoagulation Activity Evaluation

The monopalmityloxy shikimic acids have been synthesized from shikimic acid and palmitic acid catalyzed by Novozym 435 in 2-methyl-2-butanol. The anticoagulation activity in vivo via oral administration of monopalmityloxy shikimic acid has been evaluated through arteriovenous shunt model of rats and through the determination of thrombin time, prothrombin time, and activated partial thromboplastin time via rats. After reaction, the solid shikimic acid has been observed to dissolve in the reaction system completely. The subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the monopalmityloxy shikimic acids, as the only products, had been formed and the overall conversion rate was over 70%. The result showed that it had anti-thrombosis activity, could prolong the coagulating time and bleeding time in vivo, and lengthen the coagulating time in vitro. Compared with control group, the differences of the treatment group and aspirin group of rats are significant (P < 0.05) for prothrombin time and thrombin time, and very significant (P < 0.01) for activated partial thromboplastin time. It suggested that the product had the anticoagulation activity. The mechanism might be the co-action of the inhibition of intrinsic coagulation and the inhibition of extrinsic coagulation, and the inhibiting effect on intrinsic pathway is stronger than that on extrinsic pathway.     

Synthesis of alkyl (R)-lactates and alkyl (S,S)-O-lactyllactates by alcoholysis of rac-lactide using Novozym 435

Enzymatic alcoholysis of rac-lactide for kinetic resolution was carried out in organic solvents. Effects of organic solvent, reaction temperature, and alcohol as a nucleophile were also investigated in Novozym 435-catalyzed alcoholysis of rac-lactide. Both alkyl (R)-lactate and alkyl (S,S)-O-lactyllactate were simultaneously obtained in high yields (>45%) and high enantiopurities (>97% ee) through Novozym 435-catalyzed ring-opening of rac-lactide and subsequent enantioselective alcoholysis of the resultant alkyl O-lactyllactate.     

脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化酯合成和酯交换反应

报道了猪胰脂肪酶在冻干时的pH值、有机溶剂的极性、反应系统的含水量、温度以及底物碳链的长度和支链对酶在有机相中催化活性的影响规律。利用该酶合成了具有玫瑰香味的月桂酸香茅酯和辛酸香茅酯。     

脂肪酶不对称水解含酯基的异核金属簇合物

对脂肪酶催化含酯基的异核金属簇合物的水解反应进行了初步研究. 发现脂肪酶对簇合物的酯基进行水解时确有不对称效应, 同时簇骨架中的重金属使酶失活. 尽管不知道水解产物的e.e.值,但从旋光结果可以看出, 酶催化确是一条拆分手性簇合物的途径.     

混合溶剂中酶促合成维生素A乳酸酯

研究了混合溶剂中脂肪酶催化合成维生素A乳酸酯.首先对催化合成维生素A乳酸酯反应的脂肪酶和反应介质进行了研究,其次对影响合成维生素A乳酸酯反应的因素(温度、底物摩尔比、反应时间和酶量等)进行了探讨,优化了反应条件:在5 mL混合溶剂(叔丁醇/正己烷(v/v)=3:2)中,0.167 g维生素A醋酸酯和0.150g乳酸在25 mg脂肪酶Novozym 435催化下,在35℃、150 r/m in下反应6 h,产率可以达到52.19%,固定化酶可连续使用5次以上,产率仍达45%以上.     

Design and Lipase Catalyzed Synthesis of 4-Methylcoumarin-siloxane Hybrid Copolymers

Poly dimethylsiloxanes with amino end groups were copolymerized with diesters of 4-methylcoumarins enzymatically using a lipase (Candida antarctica lipase) as a biocatalyst. In a separate synthesis, 4-methylcoumarin was also incorporated into the poly siloxanes-isophthalate copolymers by functionalization of hydroxyl groups in the isophthalate moiety. The synthesis and characterization of two sets of novel copolymers are presented. The thermal and flammability properties of these polymers have also been studied using TGA and microcalorimetry, respectively.     

脂肪酶催化作用下酰胺化反应的立体规则性研究

提出了在LipasefromCandidaAntrarctica(CAL)脂肪酶的催化作用下,含有手性中心C原子的胺类化合物酰胺化的异构选择性规则.与氨基相连的碳原子的立体结构对酰胺化反应有很大的影响.型胺类化合物呈R-型优先选择,型胺类化合物呈S-型优先选择.