知识体系构建的本科教学实践

结合厦门大学本科分析化学基础课程的教学实践,对如何在本科基础课程教学中融入知识处理和学科知识体系一体化构建进行了初浅的探讨。提出了一种基于识别诱导信号激励与信号传感的化学测量一体化知识体系,并结合多元化创新思维教学案例对其教学意义进行了探讨。     

基于新课标的化学和生物学科交叉内容分析及教学建议*

学科间交叉融合是大势所趋。目前化学和生物学科交叉内容的教学仍存在割裂学科联系等问题。选取上述2门学科的2007年版及2019年版教材、2017年版高中课程标准,对比分析教材、课程内容要求和核心素养的交叉部分,提出教学建议:增强教师跨学科素养,重视学科交叉内容的研究;开展有效的交叉内容教学,构建系统的知识网络;重视交叉内容学习的评价设计。     

基于核心素养的HPS教学实践——以“甲烷”为例

基于化学核心素养,以“打开第二自然界的大门”开启甲烷的科学探究与体验之旅,在“历史线”“活动线”“知识线”等3条认知与体验路线中,经历科学概念的形成过程,实现对“稻草变黄金”科学本质的理解,有效地将HPS教育与化学核心素养结合起来,使学生体会化学发展的过程与方法,感受化学的学科魅力和发展成就,以提高学生的学习兴趣。     

孤对电子的极化力与“光谱化学序列”——晶体场理论的修正

现有晶体场理论不能全面合理地解释“光谱化学序列”。本文提出配位原子中的孤对电子是造成晶体场分裂的主要因素；孤对电子的极化力越大，造成的晶体场分裂能亦越大。本文通过对孤对电子极化力的各种影响因素的分析，得出了不同配体对同一中心离子造成的晶体场分裂能Δ的相对值经验计算公式，从而较完满地解释了“光谱化学序列”。     

高职精细化工专业学科交叉型教学实践的研究

按照高等职业技术教育的教学规律,说明了学科交叉型教学的必要性,并进行了高职精细化工专业学科交叉型教学的构建实践,探讨了学科交叉型教学经验.     

“学科德育”视域下的高中化学教学实践——铝和铝合金

课堂教学是落实立德树人根本任务的主要阵地,以“铝和铝合金”知识内容为载体,将化学学科知识、化学学科核心素养与学科德育内容有效融合,通过飞行之“铝”、安全之“铝”、低碳之“铝”、未来之“铝”等4个环节,把德育内容融入化学教学中,提升德育效果。     

高中化学“证据推理”教学评价量表的编制及应用

“证据推理”教学是素养为本的教学,可以通过编制教学评价量表衡量“证据推理”在教学中的实施情况,提升教学改进水平。利用文献法初步搭建框架并结合德尔菲法进行3轮修正,构建科学有效的高中化学“证据推理”教学评价量表。选择高中化学优质课例,用此量表进行测评,测评结果表明量表可行且实用。结合量表编制及应用中反馈的信息,为提高“证据推理”教学水平,提出如下教学建议：深化对“证据推理”的理解,促进教学改进;加强逻辑思维引导,完善推理思路;利用多种证据资源,深化推理角度。     

以核心素养为导向的聚合反应工程教学探讨——以“理想混合反应器的热稳定性”为例

在核心素养理念下,以聚合反应工程教材中的"理想混合反应器的热稳定性"小节教学设计为例,挖掘工程学科教学过程中蕴含的教育价值。通过对热稳定性原理的解析、探讨,以及对工业中热稳定性实例的分析,引导学生以工程科学思维去认识原理性概念;以探讨问题为驱动,进行探究式学习,培养学生工程问题意识和实践应用能力;在课程教学过程中落实大学生核心素养的培养和发展。     

基于化学史发展学生学科核心素养的教学——以“胶体”为例

以发展学生化学学科核心素养为主旨,分析了胶体教学内容的价值,通过创设一系列化学史情境,引导学生从化学史情境中提出问题,再以问题引领学习活动,使学生沿着科学家的研究历程展开实验探究,自主实验获取证据,基于实验证据进行推理,在主动建构胶体本质特性和性质的同时促进化学核心素养的发展。     

基于化学学科核心素养的“铁盐和亚铁盐”教学设计

以"铁盐和亚铁盐"教学为例，从"暖宝宝"这一情境出发，创设了"暖宝宝使用前后发生了什么变化" "使用后暖宝宝中铁元素可能存在的价态是什么、如何验证" "如何回收利用暖宝宝中的铁元素"3个问题情境，通过引导学生积极开展探究学习和问题解决，培养学生"宏观辨识与微观探析" "证据推理与模型认知" "科学探究与创新意识""科学态度与社会责任"等化学学科核心素养。     

Influence of CF3 Substituents on the Spin Crossover Behavior of Iron(II) Coordination Polymers with Schiff Base-like Ligands

A Schiff base-like ligand bearing CF₃ substituents was synthesized and converted to iron(II) coordination polymers [{FeL(L_ax)}_n] using five different bridging ligands L_ax. The structure of the coordination polymers was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction and single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the case of [{FeL(bipy)}_n]. The later revealed an untypical ABAB pattern of alternating equatorial ligands rotated by 180° with regard to each other along the chain. The temperature-dependent magnetic behavior was investigated with a SQUID magnetometer and the spin states at room temperature were confirmed by ⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopy. Three out of five coordination polymers show spin crossover behavior in the temperature range between 50 and 400 K with different kind of curve progressions (abrupt, gradual, step-wise). The other two coordination polymers are either fully highspin or fully low spin.     

Spin Crossover Behavior of FeII Complexes Bridged by Thiophene-Functionalized Triazole Ligands with Different Sizes and Rigidities

Four thiophene functionalized triazole ligands (L1=4-(thenyl)-1,2,4-triazole, L2=4-(thiophene ethyl)-1,2,4-triazole, L3=N-Thiophenylidene-4H-1,2,4-triazole-4-amine, and L4=(4-[(E)-2-(5-sulfothiophene)vinyl]-1,2,4-triazole) were synthesized. These ligands have different lengths and rigidities, while ligand L4 has a sulfonic acid group that can form a hydrogen bond. Five 1D Fe^II chain complexes were synthesized: [Fe(L1)₃](X)₂ ⋅ nH₂O [X=BF₄⁻, n=1.5 ( C1 ); X=ClO₄⁻, n=1 ( C2 )], [Fe(L2)₃](BF₄)₂ ⋅ 1.5H₂O ( C3 ); [Fe(L3)₃](X)₂ ⋅ nH₂O [X=BF₄⁻, n=2 ( C4 ); X=ClO₄⁻, n=2.5 ( C5 )]. The results of temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility reveal that complexes C1 , C2 , and C3 experienced the transition between two spin states. And C4 and C5 maintain high spin states at all temperature ranges. Binuclear complex [Fe₂(L3)₅(SCN)₄] ( C6 ) and mononuclear material [Fe(L4)₂(H₂O)₄] ⋅ 2H₂O ( C7 ), these two zero-dimensional molecules were also synthesized. They all display weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling and a high spin state in the whole process.     

A New Family of Anionic FeIII Spin Crossover Complexes Featuring a Weak‐Field N2O4 Coordination Octahedron

Unprecedented anionic Fe^III spin crossover (SCO) complexes involving a weak‐field O,N,O‐tridentate ligand were discovered. The SCO transition was evidenced by the temperature variations in magnetic susceptibility, Mössbauer spectrum, and coordination structure. The DFT calculations suggested that larger coefficients on the azo group in the HOMO?1 of a ligand might contribute to the enhancement of a ligand‐field splitting energy. The present anionic SCO complex also exhibited the light‐ induced excited‐spin‐state trapping effect.     

激光显微拉曼光谱仪在本科实验教学中的应用

拉曼光谱作为一种无损检测的指纹光谱是科研中的主要表征手段。激光显微拉曼光谱实验教学通过测试科研中的样品让学生了解拉曼测试的重要性以及科研的分析方法,构建科学研究和实验教学的桥梁。本实验课程同时安排创新探索实验,培养学生的自主学习兴趣和科研创新能力。通过本实验的学习,让学生们了解目前先进的分析手段和先进的大型仪器,有利于学生综合实验素质及科研能力的培养,为以后从事科学研究及相关工作所需综合能力的培养打下坚实的基础。     

The Role of Binary and Many-center Molecular Interactions in Spin Crossover in the Solid State. Part III. Expressing Many-body Interactions

Summary. The approach of molecular potentials describing the shape of transition curves of spin crossover in the solid state developed earlier has been extended to many-body interactions characterized by the Axilrod-Teller potential. An improved procedure for the minimization of energy developed for this case is presented. Calculations for systems involving Lennard-Jones, electric dipole–dipole, and dispersive Axilrod-Teller triple interactions yield non-zero asymmetries of splittings in expanded/compressed systems alone. The excess energy is unaffected by the Axilrod-Teller potential. Triple interactions of the Axilrod-Teller type thus increase the sensitivity of a transition curve towards compression. Another approach presented employs the deviations of molecules from positions of mechanical equilibrium set up by the known binary potential. In the approximation of small perturbations these deviations are proportional to the gradients of many-center potentials. This allows one to parametrically define non-ideality parameters as functions of gradients of triple potentials of unknown types. Employing regularization bounds an adequate parameterization of experimental transition curve of spin crossover has been achieved in terms of parameters of Lennard-Jones potential and relative deviations of molecules from the position of mechanical equilibrium.     

科研问题向课堂教学的融入

科研向教学的融入常常注重科研成果在教学上的分享,而科研问题在教学中的重要作用却往往被忽视。为提高教学效果,本文尝试在课堂教学中选取科研成果取得过程中遇到的某个问题为切入点,抛转引玉,由学生运用所学知识,通过查阅资料和课堂讨论,思考解决办法。     

The Role of Binary and Many-centre Molecular Interactions in Spin Crossover in the Solid State. Part I. Equation for Free Energy

Summary. A formalism has been developed that describes spin crossover equilibrium in the solid state by taking into account the effects of n nearest neighbours of a given molecule on its partition function. In this way binary and many-body interactions of the order n + 1 are included into the theoretical model and represented by non-ideality parameters connected with the splitting of free energy levels. Binary interactions are characterised by the main splittings whereas higher order interactions manifest themselves in asymmetries of splittings within multiplets. The contribution of molecular interactions can also be written in terms of formal excess free energies of the second, third, fourth and higher orders. Simple relationships between excess free energies and parameters of multiplets have been found for binary, ternary and quaternary interactions. This formalism is reduced to that of the model of binary interactions when effects of surroundings are additive leading to equidistant free energy multiplets. Higher order interactions may cause an abrupt spin crossover but in a limited range of compositions around the transition point. The regression of experimental transition curves of one-step spin crossover may yield estimates of excess energies up to the fifth order.