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1.
Chao Xu Chunhui Yang Yang Mo Yijie Wang Liang Sun Liangcai Cao Yuheng Xu 《Crystal Research and Technology》2010,45(11):1123-1126
Near‐stoichiometric LiNbO3 single crystal tri‐doped with ZrO2, MnO and Fe2O3 was grown from Li‐riched melt by Czochralski method. The defect structures and composition of these crystals were analyzed by means of ultraviolet‐visible and infrared transmittance spectra. The appearance of 3466 cm‐1 peak in infrared spectra showed that the crystal grown from Li‐riched melt was near stoichiometric. The photorefractive properties at the wavelength of 488 nm and 633 nm were investigated with two‐beam coupling experiment, respectively. The experimental results showed that the response speed and sensitivity were enhanced significantly and the high diffraction efficiency was obtained at 488 nm wavelength. This manifested that near‐stoichiometric LiNbO3:Mn:Fe:Zr crystal was an excellent candidate for holographic storage. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
2.
L. Gao J. Y. Wang H. Liu X. B. Hu S. H. Yao J. B. Wu X. Y. Qin R. I. Boughton 《Crystal Research and Technology》2006,41(4):332-336
A near‐stoichiometric LiNbO3 single crystal has been grown by the Czochralski technique from a melt of 58.5 mol% Li2O. Its composition homogeneity was assessed by measuring the UV absorption edge. It was found that the maximum composition difference is about 0.03 mol% in the radial direction and 0.05 mol% in the axial direction. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was performed on the powder from the synthesized raw material and the frozen melt after crystal growth. The analytical results indicate that, during crystal growth, the magnitude of lithium volatilization from the melt surface is more than the degree of segregation from the crystal. The volatilized lithium diffuses into the crystal to compensate for the lithium segregation in the LiNbO3 crystal. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
3.
Lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystals doped with Fe and Fe:Mn were grown by Czochralski technique. The doping concentrations of Fe and Mn were optimized. Transmission studies reveal broad absorption band centered at 488 nm. The UV cutoff observed for Fe doped LiNbO3 is 358 nm whereas for Fe:Mn codoped LiNbO3 is 352 nm. This decrease in UV cutoff for Fe and Mn codoped LiNbO3 compared to only Fe doped LiNbO3 is due to the increase in Li/Nb ratio. Optical homogeneity was assessed using conoscopy and birefringence interferometry. Dark and photo conductivity measurements prove that LiNbO3 is a negative photo conducting material. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
4.
Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were grown by the Czochralski method. The defect structure was analyzed by UV‐vis spectra and IR spectra. The holographic storage of Mg:Mn:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was measured by the two color fixed method. The results show that with the increase of MgO doping concentration, the writing time becomes shorter, the dynamic range decreases, photorefractive sensitivity increases and fixing diffraction efficiency decreases. When the MgO doping concentration exceeds 4.5 mol%, the fixing diffraction efficiency approaches zero. The effect of doping Mg ions on the holographic storage properties of Mn:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals is discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
5.
Using the micro‐pulling down (μ‐PD) method, 1 and 3 mol% Nd2O3 doped near stoichiometric lithium niobate (LiNbO3) single crystal fibers were grown in 1 mm diameter and 35∼40 mm length. The grown crystal fibers were free of cracks and the homogeneous distribution of Nd3+ ion concentrations were confirmed by the electron probe micro analysis. The changes of fluorescence spectra were measured with respect to the Nd3+ ion doping concentration. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
6.
Chao Xu Lei Xu Xuesong Leng Yuheng Xu Chunhui Yang 《Crystal Research and Technology》2012,47(1):19-24
Near‐stoichiometric Mn:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals doped with various concentration of ZrO2 were grown by top seed solution growth (TSSG) method in the air atmosphere. The Zr concentration in the crystal was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The defect structures were analyzed by means of ultraviolet‐visible and infrared transmittance spectra. The appearance of vibration peak at 3466 cm‐1 in infrared spectra manifested that Li/Nb ratio in crystals approached to stoichiometric proportion. The fundamental absorption edge represented continuous red‐shift which was discrepancy with congruent doped LiNbO3 crystals showed that doping ions possessed different location mechanism. The light‐induced scattering of the doped stoichiometric LiNbO3crystals were quantitatively scaled via incident exposure energy. The results demonstrated that Zr(2 mol%):Mn:Fe:LiNbO3 crystal had the weakest light‐induced scattering and the mechanism related to their defect structures was discussed. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
7.
The near sotichiometric Ce:LiNbO3 (Ce:SLN) crystals were grown by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method by adding K2O flux to Li2O‐Nb2O5 melt. Their UV‐vis absorption spectra and IR spectra were measured and discussed to investigate their defect structure. The results showed that the grown crystals were near stoichiometric and Ce ions in the crystals located the Li site. Photorefractive properties of Ce:SLN crystals were studied by two‐wave coupling experiment. The results of the two‐wave coupling experiments of the crystals showed that as the CeO2 doping concentrations increased, the diffraction efficiency increased, photoconductivity decreased and the writing time and erasure time increased. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
8.
Haiping Xia Xianlin Zeng Jinhao Wang Jianli Zhang Jian Xu Yuepin Zhang Qiuhua Nie 《Crystal Research and Technology》2004,39(4):337-342
The optical absorption spectra of LiNbO3 (LN), Fe:LiNbO3 (Fe:LN), and Zn:Fe:LiNbO3 (Zn:Fe:LN) single crystals grown by Bridgman method were measured and compared. The absorption characteristics of the samples and the effects of growth process conditions on the absorption spectra were investigated. The Fe, Zn and Li concentrations in the crystals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry. The results indicated that the overall Fe ion and Fe2+ concentration in Fe:LN and Zn:Fe:LN crystals increased along the growing direction. The incorporation of ZnO in Fe:LN crystal induced increase of Fe2+ in the crystal. Among Fe‐doped and Zn:Fe‐codoped LN single crystals, 3 mol% ZnO doped Fe:LN had a biggest change of Fe2+ ion concentration from bottom to top part of crystal. The effects of technical conditions (atmosphere and thermal history) on Fe2+ ion concentration were discussed. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
9.
Haiping Xia Hongwei Song Jinhao Wang Jiahua Zhang Tie Wang Jianli Zhang Yuepin Zhang Qiuhua Nie 《Crystal Research and Technology》2005,40(3):199-203
The growth of LiNbO3 crystals doped with Cr3+ ions in 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 mol % concentrations by Bridgman method were reported. The Cr3+ ion concentrations in crystals were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. Electron paramagnetic resonance had been used to investigate the sites occupied by the Cr3+ ions. Two Cr3+ ion centers located at Li+ and Nb5+ sites (CrLi3+ and CrNb3+ centers, respectively) were observed. Optical absorption and temperature‐dependence emission spectra of the Cr3+ ions were reported. The crystal‐field parameters and Racah parameters of the Cr3+ ion defect sites were reported and compared with those grown by Czochralski technique. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
10.
Chao Xu Zhaopeng Xu Yexia Fan Lei Xu Chunhui Yang Yuheng Xu 《Crystal Research and Technology》2012,47(8):863-867
Mg:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals with various doping concentration of MgO have been grown by Czochralski method. The type of charge carriers and photorefractive properties in Mg:Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals were measured by two‐wave coupling method using Kr+ laser (476 nm) and He‐Ne laser (633 nm) as light sources. We found that holes were the dominant charge carriers under blue light irradiation while electrons were the dominant charge carriers under red light irradiation. Mg2+ ions behaved no longer as damage resistant, but promoter to the photorefractive properties at 476 nm wavelength. The photorefractive properties under blue light improved with the increase concentration of Mg2+ ions. The enhancement mechanisms of the blue photorefractive were suggested. Experimental results definitely showed that Mg‐doped two‐centre Ru:Fe:LiNbO3 was a promising blue photorefraction material for holographic volume storage. 相似文献
11.
Wei Zheng Naidong Zhang Liancheng Zhao Yuheng Xu 《Crystal Research and Technology》2003,38(12):1042-1046
In the paper Ce:Cu:BSO crystal has been grown by Czochralski method for the first time with doping CeO2 and CuO into BSO(Bi12SiO20) crystal. The exponential gain coefficient and respond time of Ce:Cu:BSO crystal are measured by two‐wave‐coupling technology. The results indicate that exponential gain coefficient of Ce:Cu:BSO is more than two times as that of non‐doped BSO and the response time exhibits in microsecond level. Furthermore its exponential gain coefficient improves greatly compared with Ce:BSO's at the same doping level of Ce, while its response time is less than Ce:BSO's. The improvement mechanism of photorefractive effect of Ce:Cu:BSO crystal is investigated systematically. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
12.
LiNbO3 is a ferroelectric crystal and grows with multi domains. Different domains are separated by boundaries which are known as domain boundaries. Domain walls for congruent and VTE (Vapor Transport Equilibration) treated near stoichiometric lithium niobate samples were visualised in different crystallographic directions using chemical etching technique. The sample is etched in the mixture of HF and HNO3 (in 1:2 volume ratios) for 10 minutes at boiling temperature. Measured domain wall width was found approximately 15‐20 µm for congruent (CLN) and it reduces to 1‐3 µm for VTE treated near stoichiometric (SLN). Activation energies were also measured by two‐probe method and found to be increasing in stoichiometric sample. This activation energy is related to defect density in the crystals. Activation energy is higher for less defective crystals. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
13.
Shuangquan Fang Zhaoxiang Han Yingjie Qiao Yingying Liu Qi Jia 《Crystal Research and Technology》2009,44(11):1211-1214
With K2O as flux, near‐stoichiometric In:LiNbO3 (In:SLN) crystals with different indium contents were grown by the top seed solution growth (TSSG) method. Defect structure characteristics and the replacement principle of extrinsic ions were derived from X‐ray powder diffraction, differential thermal analysis (DTA), ultraviolet‐visible (UV) absorption and infrared (IR) spectrum measurement. Further analysis indicated that the threshold concentration of In2O3 in near‐stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals were about 1.1 mol%. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
14.
D. L. Sun Y. Hang L. H. Zhang G. Z. Luo S. N. Zhu P. K. Lim W. W. Hung 《Crystal Research and Technology》2004,39(6):511-515
Two kinds of near‐stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals (SLN11 and SLN19) were grown by a flux pulling method from stoichiometric melt with addition of 11mol%K2O and 19mol%K2O, respectively. Compared with the congruent melting LiNbO3, the ultraviolet absorption edges of two crystals shift towards shorter wavelengths, and the locations of the OH‐ infrared absorption band have obvious change and the bandwidths become greatly narrower. From these experimental results, the Li2O contents are determined indirectly to be about 49.6mol% for SLN11 and 49.9mol% for SLN19, respectively. The Li2O content in SLN19 is very close to the ideal value of 50mol%. The coercive fields of two crystals were measured by the poling method at room temperature. A linear relationship between the Li2O content and the coercive field was fitted. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
15.
6.0 mol. % ZnO doped LiNbO3 crystals were grown by Czochralski technique. Various Li/Nb mole ratios of 0.942, 0.970, 1.000, and 1.020 were used to prepare the starting materials. Second harmonic generation (SHG) experimental results show that the phase matching temperature increases near linearly with the increasing of Li/Nb ratio, and the SHG efficiency is enhanced by the Zn doping and the increasing of Li/Nb ratio. The intrinsic and extrinsic defects are discussed in this paper to explain the SHG behavior and photo‐damage resistance in the Zn doped Li‐rich LiNbO3 crystals. 相似文献
16.
Liu Bo Li Chunliang Bi Jiancong Sun Liang Xu Yuheng 《Crystal Research and Technology》2008,43(3):260-265
Hf(2mol%):Fe(0.05wt%):LiNbO3 crystals with various [Li]/[Nb] ratios of 0.94, 1.05, 1.2 and 1.38 have been grown. The photorefractive resistant ability increases with the accretion of [Li]/[Nb] ratio. When the ratio of [Li]/[Nb] is 1.20 or 1.38, the OH‐ absorption band shifts to about 3477cm‐1. The mechanisms of the photorefractive resistant ability increase and the absorption band shift have been discussed. The exponential gain coefficient (Γ) of the crystals was measured with two‐beam coupling method and the effective charge carrier concentration (Neff) was calculated. The results show that Γ and Neff increase with the accretion of [Li]/[Nb] ratio. The temperature effect of codoped Hf:Fe:LiNbO3 crystals was also studied, it was found that the exponential gain coefficient increase dramatically at about 55°C, 70°C and 110°C, this is due to the inner electric field which is resulted from structure phase change. (© 2007 WILEY ‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
17.
I.V. Kityk M. Makowska‐Janusik M.D. Fontana M. Aillerie F. Abdi 《Crystal Research and Technology》2001,36(6):577-588
We present a band structure approach with a molecular dynamics cluster optimization which accounts for the various structural modifications related to the non‐stoichiometry of LiNbO3 crystals. The variation of the optical properties with the deviation from the stoichiometric composition can be understood within this approach. Particular role of the electron‐phonon contributions to the electrooptics coefficient is shown. Model calculations yield a large dependence of the electrooptis coefficient r22 on the crystal composition, in agreement with the experimental data. The observed minimum of the r22 coefficient versus the non‐stoichiometry is interpreted as originated from the non‐centrosymmetry in the electrostatic potential distribution around Nb‐O6 clusters. 相似文献
18.
19.
In this paper, photorefractive properties of Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals were studied. The crystals doped with different concentration of Mg ions have been grown by the Czochralski method. Mg concentrations in grown crystals were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OE/MS). The crystal structures were analyzed by the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) absorption spectra and infrared (IR) transmitatance spectra. The photorefractive properties of crystals were experimentally studied by using two‐beam coupling. In this experiment we determined the writing time, maximum diffraction efficiency and the erasure time of crystals samples with He‐Ne laser. The results showed that the dynamic range (M/#), sensitivity (S) and diffraction efficiency (η) were dependent on the Mg doping concentration, and the Mg(4.58mol%):Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 crystal was the most proper holographic recording media material among the six crystals studied in the paper. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
20.
Crack‐free, rod‐shaped single crystals of undoped and 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 mol% ZrO2‐doped LiNbO3 with a near‐stoichiometric composition were grown by the micro‐pulling down (μ‐PD) method. The structural properties of the grown crystals were examined by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) of the near‐stoichiometric LiNbO3 single crystals revealed the homogeneous incorporation of Zr ions. The change in the refractive index and IR transmission spectra of the grown crystals were examined as a function of the Zr concentration. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献