基于碳球的乙酰胆碱酯酶传感器用于对硫磷的检测研究

以硼掺杂金刚石电极(BDD)为工作电极,利用碳球(Cs)固定乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E),制备ACh E/Cs/BDD传感器,将其用于农药残留对硫磷的检测。在1.0×10-9~2.0×10-7g/L范围内,对硫磷标液的抑制率与其浓度的负对数呈良好的线性关系,线性方程为A(%)=-11.957x+147.575(%),相关系数R2为0.999。按照抑制率为10%计算,检出限为0.310×10-11g/L。用该传感器对青菜叶汁进行检测,回收率在89.4%~107.5%范围内。     

基于铂/碳球的乙酰胆碱酯酶传感器在农药乐果检测中的应用研究

基于农药乐果对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用,构建生物传感器,实现了农药乐果的快速、高灵敏检测。合成了纳米材料铂/碳球(Pt/Cs),利用其比表面积大、导电性好的优势,构建乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)传感器。铂/碳球修饰电极比裸电极的阻抗更低,峰电流增加了147.06%,说明该材料能很好地保持酶的催化活性。在最优实验条件下,用ACh E传感器检测农药乐果,在1.0×10~(-9)~1.0×10~(-6)g/L范围,乐果浓度的负对数与抑制率呈良好的线性关系,其检出限为7.3×10~(-12)g/L(按抑制率为10%计算)。对纺织品样品进行加标回收实验,测得回收率为86.2%~101.7%。     

基于碳纳米管修饰电极检测有机磷农药的生物传感器

报道了一种用于检测有机磷农药的安培型生物传感器,利用戊二醛交联法将乙酰胆碱酯酶和牛血清白蛋白固定在羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极表面,制备了可应用于检测有机磷农药的新型生物传感器,并确定了最佳工作条件.该方法具有良好的重现性和回收率,当辛硫磷及氧化乐果的浓度分别在5.0×10-4～5.0×10-1 g/L和1.0×10-3～5.0×10-1 g/L范围内时,抑制率与其浓度的对数呈线性关系,检出限按抑制率为10%时的农药浓度计算,可分别达到3.6×10-4 g/L和5.9×10-4 g/L.     

基于功能化石墨烯-聚乙烯醇复合膜固定乙酰胆碱酯酶的甲拌磷传感器

将功能化离子液体修饰石墨烯(IL-GR)分散在聚乙烯醇(PVA)中,制得IL-GR-PVA分散液,与乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)溶液混匀后滴涂在电极表面,利用PVA良好的成膜特性,制得新型有机磷检测酶电极ACh E/IL-GR-PVA/GCE,并用于有机磷农药的检测。采用透射电镜(TEM)表征了IL-GR的形貌,采用循环伏安法(CV)和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究了酶电极的电化学性质。结果表明,IL-GR-PVA复合膜具有良好的导电性和生物相容性,能很好地保持ACh E的生物活性,并显著促进了其电化学过程。在优化实验条件下,抑制率(I%)与甲拌磷浓度的负对数在1.0×10-14~1.0×10-9mol/L和1.0×10-9~1.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为8.0×10-15mol/L。该传感器制备简单,稳定性好,灵敏度高,为有机磷农药的测定提供了新方法。     

基于AuNPs-多孔碳-IL复合材料的电化学法检测亚硝酸盐

制备金-多孔碳-离子液体(AuNPs-多孔碳-IL)纳米复合材料,用以修饰玻碳(GC)电极,制得AuNPs-多孔碳-IL/GC传感器,对食品中的亚硝酸盐进行检测。在最优条件下,NaNO_2浓度在2.00×10~(-9)~8.00×10~(-8)mol/L和8.00×10-7~8.00×10~(-4)mol/L时,与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,线性方程分别为:I=22.48122c+1.05555,(R~2=0.998);I=0.05322c+3.81848(R2=0.999)。检出限为8.86×10~(-9)mol/L。对实际样品中的NaNO_2进行检测,得到样品平均回收率在95.5%~108.9%范围内。     

一种基于碳纳米管的色氨酸传感器

研究了色氨酸(tryptophan即Trp)在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWNTs/GC)上的电化学行为。MWNTs/GC电极对Trp具有良好的电催化作用,相对于GC电极,Trp在MWNTs/GC上峰电位负移128 mV,峰电流约为GC电极上氧化峰电流的31倍。在1.0 mol/L H2SO4中清洗能更新电极表面,消除产物吸附带来的影响。MWNTs/GC电极在含1.0×10-4mol/L Trp的缓冲溶液中闭路富集2 min时电流达到稳定值。研究了不同pH值影响的结果表明,参与电极反应的质子数和电子数相等。在pH=2.2时,Trp的氧化电流最大。利用LSV研究了电流与扫描速率的关系,结果表明,Trp在修饰电极上的氧化过程为扩散控制过程。在环境温度低于45℃时,随着温度增加,氧化电流逐渐增大。温度在16~35℃范围内,传感器的响应电流与温度成线性关系,温度系数为0.695μA/℃,说明此传感器在实测过程中因温度波动带来的测量误差很小。利用LSV研究了氧化峰电流与Trp的浓度关系的结果显示,峰电流与Trp的浓度在1.00×10-6~1.00×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检出限为1.82×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。该电极具有良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,放置7 d后,碳纳米管的峰电流仍能达到最初电流的98%。     

钯-四氧化三铁纳米复合物生物传感器的制备及检测有机磷农药的研究

合成钯-四氧化三铁纳米粒子(Pd-Fe3O4NPs)并制备了乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)电流型生物传感器用于检测有机磷杀虫剂。Pd-Fe3O4NPs在电极与乙酰胆碱酯酶之间提供了一个具有较高电子传导性、较好生物相容性和较强催化活性的微环境,有效地提高了乙酰胆碱酯酶的生物活性和有机磷杀虫剂对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用。以对硫磷为有机磷杀虫剂模型分子,乙酰胆碱酶的抑制率与对硫磷浓度在5×10-12～1×10-9mol/L之间呈现良好的线性关系,检测限为2.5×10-12mol/L。     

氮掺杂石墨烯修饰电极的制备及对鸟嘌呤的电催化氧化

采用高温热退火方法制备了氮掺杂的石墨烯,并制备了氮掺杂石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(NG/GCE),研究其对鸟嘌呤的电催化氧化作用.实验考察了溶液pH值、扫速、鸟嘌呤浓度的影响.结果表明,鸟嘌呤在NG/GCE上的氧化是不可逆过程,修饰电极可以增强鸟嘌呤在电极表面的吸附,对鸟嘌呤具有很好的电催化氧化性能,降低了鸟嘌呤氧化电位.在pH=7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中检测鸟嘌呤,其氧化峰电流在5.0×10-6～1.0×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限(3σ)为1.0×10-6 mol/L.     

基于氧化锌纳米棒的乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感器用于辛硫磷农药测定

以喷金的聚碳酸酯模板为工作电极,采用电沉积法从氯化锌和氯化钾溶液中制得氧化锌纳米棒.将沉积了氧化锌纳米棒的模板固定在打磨后的玻碳电极表面,并将模板溶解.再通过在氧化锌纳米棒修饰电极的表面直接固定乙酰胆碱酯酶,制备出乙酰胆碱酯酶生物传感器.自然晾干后,所得乙酰胆碱酯争氧化锌生物传感器用于辛硫磷农药的测定.试验结果表明:在含有0.5 mmol·L-1的巯基乙酰胆碱的PH 7.38磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,乙酰胆碱酯酶-氧化锌修饰电极的氧化峰电流显著提高,而再向其中加入酶抑制剂辛硫磷后,电流明显减小,在此基础上提出了一种高灵敏度的测定辛硫磷农药的方法.在优化的条件下,辛硫磷浓度在9.85 × 10-6～4.95×10-4mol·L-1之间,其浓度的对数与抑制率呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为5.99×10-6mol·L-1.     

双酚A在氮掺杂多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及测定

构建了不同百分含量的氮掺杂的多壁碳纳米管化学修饰石墨电极,利用线性扫描伏安法及循环伏安法研究了双酚A(BPA)在修饰电极上的电化学行为。提出了一种灵敏、简便的直接检测双酚A的电化学分析方法。在pH6.98的PBS缓冲溶液中,在电位0.20 V富集后,该修饰电极在0.680 V出现一个灵敏的、峰形好的氧化峰。表明氮掺杂多壁碳纳米管薄膜对双酚A的氧化表现出一定的催化作用,能显著提高双酚A的氧化峰电流。在优化条件下,采用线性扫描伏安法对双酚A进行测定。双酚A的氧化峰电流与其浓度在2.5×10-7～1.0×10-4 mol/L之间有很好的线性关系(R为0.996),检出限为5.0×10-8mol/L。电极已初步用于实际样品中BPA的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.