PDMS基柔性近眼显示波导光学系统设计

针对近眼显示系统视场小、体积笨重、柔性差、量产性差等问题,文章采用在系统中加入自由曲面和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)基的设计方法.论述了柔性近眼显示光学系统的设计要求和工作原理,进行初始结构建立;分析了系统杂散光产生的原因,进行杂散光抑制设计;采用XY多项式自由曲面替换传统非球面,进行系统像差校正;采用柱面波导模拟波导弯...     

逐级优化制定离轴三反射光学系统加工装调公差

逐级优化法是根据离轴三反射光学系统结构参数的像差灵敏度系数大小来确定主镜、次镜和第三反射镜的加工次序的。其方法是逐级优化确定各光学零件的加工公差,加工完成后测量光学元件结构参数,代入光学设计软件进行优化,进而确定光学系统的装调公差。采用该方法制定三反射系统的加工装调公差时将加工和设计过程有机的结合起来,在满足设计要求的前提下使系统的加工和装调公差得到最大程度地放松。     

Design and fabrication of a three-dimensional polymer optical waveguide polarization splitter

We present a design and fabrication of a three-dimensional polymer optical waveguide polarization splitter by taking into consideration of the induced birefringence effect of the polymer. We show that it is not possible to couple TM light from one waveguide to the other but evanescent coupling for TE light is possible. Hence the polarization splitter can be designed by considering TE mode coupling alone. This has an advantage of short interaction length of the device. Based on this consideration, we fabricated a polarization splitter with a TE extinction ratio of 15 dB and TM extinction ratio of 21 dB.     

多波段共孔径离轴三反光学系统设计北大核心CSCD

针对军用光电系统对视场范围、图像质量和系统小型化的迫切需求,根据指标要求设计了一种大口径离轴三反光学系统。采用离轴多反式结构消除系统遮拦,缩减结构尺寸,通过引入复杂面型实现大孔径设计,在保证足够分辨率的同时,增大光学系统的视场角,以获得更加丰富的目标特征,提高了系统的目标探测和识别能力。与透射式结构与折返式结构相比,大幅度减小了光电产品的体积和质量,有效减轻了伺服设计负荷,具备隐蔽性好、光谱覆盖范围广、透过率高、视场兼容性强的特点。设计结果表明:电视光路在120 lp/mm处全视场MTF>0.2,短波红外光路在60 lp/mm处全视场MTF>0.3,中波红外在30 lp/mm处全视场MTF>0.15,网格畸变小于0.5%,满足设计指标要求。     

大倍率离轴无焦四反光学系统设计

空间引力波探测任务采用的是外差法激光干涉测量技术,其对系统的噪声和精度要求极为苛刻。望远镜是引力波探测天文台的重要组成部分,起到激光信号收发的作用,其光学系统应具备大倍率、高像质、杂光抑制能力强,波前误差一致性好的特点。针对上述要求,对大倍率离轴四反无焦光学系统进行了设计和优化。基于初级像差理论阐述了初始结构的求解方法。系统具有中间像面和可用的实出瞳,便于杂光抑制和与后端科学干涉仪的承接。优化过程中,建立了波前一致性优化函数,通过优化设计,系统入瞳直径为200 mm,放大倍率为40倍,科学视场为±8μrad,波前误差RMS值优于0.005λ,PV值优于0.023λ(λ=1064 nm),波前一致性残差RMS值优于0.0008λ(λ=1064 nm),在捕获视场±200μrad内的成像质量均接近衍射极限,并对系统公差进行了分析,满足引力波探测的应用需求。     

应用于数字高速成像的离轴光学系统设计

为提高数字高速多幅相机的像面照度,简化光学系统结构,提出一种离轴光学系统设计方法。该系统使用多组相同物镜,采用圆心一组,圆周均匀分布多组的方式平行阵列排布。分布于圆周上的物镜,其像面接收器相对物镜轴心平移离轴,以获得与圆心物镜相同的物面图像。分析了单物镜像面照度、畸变等与视场有关参数对光学系统各像面匹配的影响。在此基础上给出一个5通道离轴光学系统设计实例,系统空间分辨率优于30 lp/mm,畸变小于0.1%,F数2.0。相比目前广泛采用的棱锥、棱镜分幅方式,该离轴光学系统像面照度增加5倍以上,系统结构简易。     

Design and fabrication of a silica optical micro-kayak cavity on a silicon chip

A new type of silica optical micro-kayak cavity fabricated on a silicon chip is designed and demonstrated.This micro-kayak cavity with two straight sides and two semi-circle sides can be used to achieve a compact and flexible arrangement in the design of integrated photonic circuits.The micro-kayak cavity can also be embedded with a Bragg reflection grating in the straight sides for frequency selection using a micro-kayak cavity laser doped with a rare-earth ion.We describe the fabrication methods for the micro-kayak cavity,obtain its spectra,and discuss its potential applications.     

大口径红外离轴三反光学系统设计及公差分析

在空间光学领域中,光学系统的发展趋势为长焦距、大视场、轻量化、大相对孔径、高成像质量等。为适应该发展趋势,对大口径反射式光学系统进行研究,在共轴三反系统的成像理论基础上,为避免中心遮拦,提高成像质量,采用视场离轴方式,设计了一款大口径离轴三反式光学系统。该光学系统在奈奎斯特空间频率17 lp/mm处,光学传递函数MTF大于0.75,成像质量接近衍射极限。此外,光学系统公差的合理分配是影响相机总体性能的主要因素,运用公差灵敏度分析和反转灵敏度分析,计算各公差对光学系统成像质量的影响,给出了合适的公差分配,经过模拟分析,按照给定的公差加工装调,系统光学传递函数大于0.55。     

主三镜一体化离轴三反光学天线设计

为提高空间激光通信离轴三反光学天线的装调效率,需要对反射镜总的装调自由度进行优化设计。基于共轴三反无焦系统的设计原理,提出一种主三镜一体化的设计方法,并推导了光学系统结构参数之间的关系,利用Zemax光学软件设计了一种结构紧凑、主三镜一体化的离轴三反光学天线。设计结果表明:全视场光学像质优于衍射极限,主镜和三镜空间位置相接近,可共母板加工和面形共基准检测,为主三镜的一体化加工提供了方法。光学天线的装调自由度减少了6个,降低了装调难度,提高了装调效率。     

离轴三反光学遥感器遮光罩的设计与试验验证

遮光罩是空间光学遥感器的重要组成部分,是抑制空间光学遥感器杂散光的首要措施。遮光罩削弱杂散光效果的好坏直接影响到光学遥感器光学系统的成像品质。本文设计了一种满足离轴三反空间光学遥感器要求的大尺寸碳纤维/环氧复合材料遮光罩,并结合有限元分析、杂散光分析及力学试验、光学系统传递函数检测手段来验证该遮光罩是否满足航天使用要求。结果显示,各视场光学系统传递函数检测结果基本一致,均在0.2以上。表明该大尺寸遮光罩具备良好的结构的稳定性、可靠性,能够满足空间应用要求。     

Design and fabrication of fluid controlled dynamic optical lens system

A novel small fluid controlled optical lens system that is capable of displaying dynamic variation of its focal length and field-of-view (FOV) is designed and fabricated. In this active lens system, appropriate volume of the optical fluid can be pumped into or out of the lens chamber to provide double-convex (DCX) or double-concave (DCV) lens effect. Simple optical imaging experiments were performed using different sets of glass lenses with fixed focal lengths to determine the optimum lens configuration required for designing a dynamic optical lens system. The experimental results obtained from the glass lenses demonstrate that a combination of a single DCX lens with three DCV lenses provides a wider FOV. The flexible membranes for fluid controlled lenses were fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane polymer material, which has good optical transparency and elasticity. A simple fluid injection system is used to vary the radius of curvature of the lenses, and thereby to change the focal length. A dynamic optical lens system with a combination of one DCX and multiple variable focal length DCV lenses as designed here can image an object with a wide range of focal length and FOV. With this fluid controlled optical system, the FOV and focal length could be continuously varied and a maximum FOV of 118.3° could be achieved. The smallest f-number (f_/#) for this fluid controlled single lens system was found to be 1.3, which corresponds to the numerical aperture value of 0.35.     

Design and fabrication of computer-generated holograms for testing optical freeform surfaces

Freeform optical surfaces (FOSs) will be the best elements in the design of compact optical systems in the future. However, it is extremely difficult to measure freeform surface with sufficient accuracy, which impedes the development of the freeform surface. The design and fabrication of computer-generated hologram (CGH) , which has been successfully applied to the tests for aspheric surfaces, cannot be directly adopted to test FOSs due to their non-rotational asymmetry. A novel ray tracing planning method combined with successively optimizing even and odd power coefficients of phase polynomials in turn is proposed, which can successfully design a non-rotational asymmetry CGH for the tests of FOSs with an F-θ lens. A new eight-step fabrication process is also presented aiming to solve the problem that the linewidth on the same circle of the CGH for testing freeform surface is not uniform. This problem cannot be solved in the original procedure of CGH fabrication. The test results of the step profiler show that the CGH fabricated in the new procedure meets the requirements.     

Design and fabrication of optical power splitters with large port count

We design and fabricate compact, low loss, and high port-count optical power splitters of 1 × 128 and 2 × 128 using silica-based planar lightwave circuit(PLC) technology on 6 inch quartz substrate. PLC technology is mainly based on plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, photolithography, and etching. The measured results show that the insertion loss, uniformity, and wavelength-dependent loss of 1 × 128 and 2 × 128 optical power splitters are less than 23, 1.43, and 0.92 dB and 23.3, 1.8, and 1.3 dB, respectively, in the wavelength range from 1.26 to 1.65 mm. The polarization-dependent losses are less than 0.16 and 0.2 dB, respectively, in the wavelengths of 1.31, 1.49, and 1.55 mm.     

Design and fabrication of two-dimensional photonic crystals with predetermined nonlinear optical properties

By probing the resonances between a photonic band and an external laser field and their nonlinear changes in angle-resolved reflectivity, we show experimental evidence that the nonlinear optical changes in a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide with a Kerr nonlinearity are critically dependent on the dispersion nature and the group velocity of the photonic bands. The results agree well with the behavior predicted from band structures, indicating that the design of nonlinear optical properties of material systems is realistically possible by band dispersion and group velocity engineering.     

Theoretical analysis and test for off-axis Cassegrain optical antenna

By detailed analysis of Cassegrain optical antenna with inclined optical axis, the receiving antenna power and the curve of power attenuation are obtained for different deflection angles. Three-dimensional images which describe the power distribution of the receive laser beam have been obtained. The coupling efficiency of antenna system is obtained from specific experiment. If the deflection angle is less than 0.1519 rad, the coupling efficiency is beyond 80%. In this case, the optical antenna system can be viewed as in alignment approximately. This research will provide a theoretical base and broad application for achieving precise alignment of optical axis in the field of optical communications and three-dimensional laser radar images.     

Propagation properties of off-axis Hermite--cosh--Gaussian beam combinations through a first-order optical system

Based on the Collins integral formula, the analytic expressions of propagation of the coherent and the incoherent off-axis Hermite--cosh--Gaussian (HChG) beam combinations with rectangular symmetry passing through a paraxial first-order optical system are derived, and corresponding numerical examples are given and analysed. The resulting beam quality is discussed in terms of power in the bucket (PIB). The study suggests that the resulting beam cannot keep the initial intensity shape during the propagation and the beam quality for coherent mode is not always better than that for incoherent mode. Reviewing the numerical simulations of Gaussian, Hermite--Gaussian (HG) and cosh--Gaussian (ChG) beam combinations indicates that the Hermite polynomial exerts a chief influence on the irradiance profile of composite beam and far field power concentration.     

A non-contact single optical fiber multi-optical tweezers probe: Design and fabrication

Optical tweezers have developed into a versatile and widely used tool; compared with the traditional optical tweezers, optical traps built with a single optical fiber provide a more flexible solution towards compact, integrated multiple traps. But the single optical tweezers have their own short comings—the manipulation working on the micro-particles is not non-contact, because of the fabrication method of the optical fiber probe. However we propose new single fiber multi-optical tweezers which are simple, low-cost and can manipulate micro-particles in a non-contact manner and non-invasively.     

地平式离轴扩束光学系统装调技术

为实现地平式离轴扩束光学系统的高精度装调,利用4D干涉仪加装平面镜头配合标准平面镜实现自准直检测,并针对实际使用过程中镜筒需要绕俯仰轴旋转的问题,提出一种动态检测方法。根据实际装调结果,建立空间直角坐标系,利用旋转过程中光斑最大偏离量计算二轴正交误差。装调结果表明,采用自准直检测及动态检测方法,主镜面形精度为0.028 8λ@632.8 nm,系统波像差RMS为0.131λ@632.8 nm,二轴正交误差为2.06″。     

离子束平动刻蚀工艺衍射光学元件的设计及制作

提出了一种用于制作二维光束整形衍射光学元件的新方法———离子束平动刻蚀工艺。分别介绍了利用这种新方法设计衍射光学元件的原理、设计过程以及刻蚀工艺系统的构成和掩模板的设计方法。结果表明 ,这种新的工艺方法不拘泥于圆对称系统 ,不但继承了离子束旋转刻蚀工艺的位相真正连续分布的优势 ,而且所制作出的衍射光学元件 ,即使对于半导体激光器所产生的两个方向发散角不同的激光束来说也仍然可以进行整形 ,并最终能得到矩形焦斑。这种工艺方法的理论设计也可以从二维化简为两个一维的设计 ,从而大大简化了设计计算的复杂程度