氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定环境样品中痕量硒

环境样品经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸体系微波消解,利用自制雾化器采用氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中的痕量硒。选择硒的分析谱线为196.090nm。硒的质量浓度在32μg·L-1以内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.71μg·L-1。方法应用于国家标准物质中硒的的测定,测定值与认定相符,加标回收率在85.8%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.38%~2.3%之间。     

流动注射-化学发光法测定药物制剂及生物流体中盐酸多巴胺

基于盐酸多巴胺对鲁米诺-牛血清白蛋白体系的化学发光具有显著的猝灭作用,建立了测定盐酸多巴胺的流动注射-化学发光法。试验发现鲁米诺-牛血清白蛋白体系化学发光强度的降低值与盐酸多巴胺质量浓度的对数值呈线性关系,线性范围为0.10~700μg·L-1,检出限(3σ)为0.03μg·L-1。方法应用于盐酸多巴胺注射液的测定,加标回收率在97.9%~103%之间,相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.0%~3.2%之间,样品测定值与药典法测定结果一致。本方法还应用于人体唾液、尿液及血清样品中盐酸多巴胺的测定。     

应用自制的自动化测定仪-流动注射-光纤光谱法测定纺织品中甲醛含量

用自制的自动化测定仪-流动注射-光纤吸收光谱仪测定了纺织品中甲醛的含量。甲醛与乙酰丙酮的显色反应在流动注射体系完成,乙酰丙酮的体积分数为0.5%,反应温度为80℃,在最大吸收波长414nm处测量体系的吸光度。甲醛的质量浓度在0.025~3.00mg·L-1范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.025mg·L-1。对1.00mg·L-1甲醛标准溶液连续测定10次,相对标准偏差为0.95%。方法应用于纺织品样品的分析,测定结果与国标法测定值相符,回收率在96.5%~117%之间。     

微波消解样品-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定美白化妆品中铅和铜

乳液和水类美白化妆品经硝酸-过氧化氢混合液消解,粉类美白化妆品经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸混合液消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中铅和铜的含量。在优化的仪器工作条件下,铅和铜的质量浓度分别在9.0 mg·L-1和11.0 mg·L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为21.8μg·L-1和16.2μg·L-1。方法用于美白化妆品中铅、铜的测定,测得回收率分别在98.0%~102.5%和96.7%~105.0%之间。     

基体分离-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定金属铬中6种杂质元素

0.500 0g金属铬样品用盐酸10mL,过氧化氢1mL溶解,加入高氯酸1mL蒸至冒烟,使铬(Ⅲ)氧化至铬(Ⅵ),加水稀释并在乙酸缓冲介质中加入100g·L-1乙酸铅溶液9.0mL沉淀分离铬,滤液用水定容至100mL作为试液。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中铜、镍、铁、锰、铝和镁等6种杂质元素。所选择此6种元素的分析谱线依次为327.393,231.604,238.204,257.610,396.153,285.213nm。6种元素的质量浓度均在10.00mg·L-1以内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.001 8~0.020mg·L-1之间。方法应用于实样分析,测定值与基体匹配法测定结果相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.87%~2.9%之间。用标准加入法测定了方法的回收率,测得回收率在93.2%~113%之间。     

离子交换分离-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定高纯铟中痕量镍

高纯铟样品经盐酸溶解、阳离子交换树脂分离并将试液蒸发浓缩后,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中的痕量镍。以0.7mol·L-1盐酸溶液作为淋洗液进行离子交换,可把大部分铟基体及样品中痕量的共存离子分离除去,再用3.0mol·L-1盐酸溶液洗脱镍并收集。镍的质量在300pg以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为15pg。应用此法分析了3个高纯铟样品,测定值与电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定结果相符,加标回收率在95.2%~118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=8)在1.2%~18%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铂铑合金中铑

提出了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铂铑合金中铑含量的方法。含铑(wRh≤40%)的铂铑合金称样0.1000 g,用盐酸-硝酸(3+1)溶液10 mL和氢氟酸(ρ=1.18 g·mL-1)0.5 mL于微波消解仪中消解完全。选择波长为343.489 nm的谱线作为测定铑的分析线。方法的检出限为0.029 mg·L-1。方法用于分析5个铂铑合金样品,测定值与国家标准方法测定值的相对误差在0.10%~0.40%之间,回收率在99.6%~101.0%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铌精矿中铌、锰、钛

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定铌精矿中铌、锰、钛的含量。选择铌、锰、钛的分析谱线分别为309.418,257.610,334.940nm。铌、锰、钛的线性范围在1.00~10.00mg·L-1之间,方法的检出限(3s)在0.010~0.015mg·L-1之间。方法用于标准样品B-K1的分析,测定值与认定值一致。加标回收率在94.5%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)在1.4%~2.7%之间。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定硫磺中铁含量

硫磺样品在微波消解仪中经硝酸消解,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中的铁含量。以1g·L-1硝酸镁溶液(10μL)作为基体改进剂,灰化温度为1 200℃,原子化温度为2 000℃。铁的质量浓度在3.0~25.0μg·L-1范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.5μg·L-1。对工业硫磺样品进行测定,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.2%。用标准加入法进行回收试验,计算得回收率在99.5%~101%之间。     

纺织品中游离和水解甲醛含量的自动测定仪的研制

基于流动注射-光纤光谱仪联用技术研制了纺织品中游离和水解的甲醛含量测定的自动化分析系统。该系统包括萃取、显色反应、分光光度测定、数据采集与处理等4大模块。甲醛的质量浓度在0.025~3.00mg·L-1范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.008mg·L-1。方法应用于纺织品样品的分析,测定结果与国标法测定值相符,加标回收率在94.4%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.2%~1.9%之间。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。