高效液相色谱法测定竹叶兰中9种活性成分含量

提出了高效液相色谱法测定竹叶兰中9种活性成分含量的方法。竹叶兰样品经甲醇(8+2)溶液高速匀浆提取,分取提取液5.0mL,经MCI-GEL反相树脂固相萃取小柱净化,取2.00mL净化液供色谱分析。净化液采用Waters Xbridge色谱柱为分离柱,用甲醇和乙酸(0.5+99.5)溶液以不同比例混合的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在检测波长275nm处进行测定。9种活性成分在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在20~30μg·L-1之间。加标回收率在96.4%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.5%~2.4%之间。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定海产品中9种砷形态化合物

1.000 0g样品经38 mL的0.5 mmol·L~(-1)(NH_4)_2CO_3溶液-甲醇(99+1)混合液(pH 8.5)超声萃取2h后,加入乙酸2mL,用水定容至50mL,离心后,上清液在Hamilton PRPX100阴离子分析柱(250mm×4mm,10μm)上分离,以0.5mmol·L~(-1)碳酸铵溶液-甲醇(99+1)混合液为流动相A(pH 8.5),50mmol·L~(-1)碳酸铵溶液-甲醇(99+1)混合液(pH 8.5)为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,9种砷形态化合物在20 min内达到完全分离,经电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。9种砷形态化合物的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在50~100μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在74.0%~109%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.4%~13%之间。方法用于海产品中9种砷形态化合物的测定,结果表明样品中的砷主要以无毒的砷甜菜碱形式存在。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中9种β_2-受体激动剂残留量

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了猪肉中9种β-受体激动剂的残留量。样品经β-葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解后加入高氯酸沉淀蛋白并离心,取上清液过PCX阳离子固相萃取小柱净化,用氨水-甲醇(5+95)混合液洗脱,氮气吹干后用乙腈定容至1 mL。以CAPCELL PAK CR色谱柱为分离柱,以10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液-乙腈(55+45)混合溶液(含体积分数为0.1%的甲酸)为流动相进行洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源及选择反应监测模式进行测定,内标法进行定量。9种β-受体激动剂的质量浓度在4.00~100μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.09~0.50μg·L-1之间。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在83.2%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.0%~12%之间。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定鱼制品中8种杂环胺类化合物

鱼制品样品(2g)用2.0mol·L-1氢氧化钠溶液10mL超声提取20min,用二氯甲烷50mL淋洗装有15g硅藻土的层析柱,洗脱液经MCX柱进行固相萃取分离。用氨水-甲醇(10+90)混合液淋洗MCX柱,洗脱液于40℃吹氮蒸干,残渣用甲醇1.0mL溶解供色谱分析。以TOSOH TSK gel ODS-80TM色谱柱为固定相,用(A)乙腈和(B)pH 3.5的0.01mol·L-1磷酸溶液以不同体积比组成的混合液作流动相进行梯度淋洗。用二极管阵列检测器测定。8种杂环胺类化合物的质量浓度均在0.005~1.0mg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.3~3.8μg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在51.8%~93.7%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.89%~3.7%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜及其制品中5种农药残留量

提出了液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜及其制品中苯霜灵、灭多威、扑灭津、哒螨灵及吡螨胺等5种农药残留量的方法。蔬菜样品经含0.1%(体积分数)乙酸的乙腈及无水硫酸镁和无水乙酸钠提取并离心分离后,取上清液蒸干,用乙酸酸化的乙腈2mL溶解。将此溶液加入于PSA、C18与石墨碳黑混合吸附剂粉末中经涡旋混合的分散固相净化方法净化。以Hypersil GOLD-C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的(A)甲醇和(B)甲酸-水(1+9)的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,洗脱液用乙腈-水(2+8)混合液定容,进行MS测定。采用电喷雾负离子源多反应监测模式检测。5种农药在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)均为0.01mg·kg-1。加标回收率在86.1%~95.7%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%~3.8%之间。     

快速溶剂萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血中12种催眠类药物

提出了气相色谱-串联质谱法测定血液中12种催眠类药物含量的方法。样品以乙酸乙酯-环己烷-丙酮(2+2+1)混合液为萃取剂,使用氧化铝吸附剂达到在线净化的效果,经快速溶剂萃取仪提取后,提取液用氮气吹干,用甲醇0.5mL溶解,通过VF-5MS色谱柱分离,采用电子轰击离子源多反应监测模式进行测定。12种催眠类药物的质量浓度与其峰面积均在50.0~1 000μg·L-1之间呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在0.02~4.7μg·L-1之间。加标回收率在65.4%~98.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差在0.9%~14.8%之间。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法测定人体尿液中14种内源性甾体激素含量

样品5.000 0g,加pH 6.8的磷酸缓冲溶液2.0mL、β-葡萄糖醛酸甙酶150μL混合,于55℃培养2h,冷却至室温,用乙醚5mL超声5min,提取2次。合并提取液,经氮气吹干后,加甲醇(3+7)溶液5mL溶解残渣,再经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,用甲醇-乙腈(1+1)溶液5mL洗脱。净化液经氮气吹干,用乙腈(95+5)溶解并稀释至1mL后进行色谱分离,以HSS T3色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的乙腈和含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析中采用电喷雾离子源和全信息串联质谱采集模式。14种内源性甾体激素的质量分数在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.5~5.0μg·kg~(-1)之间。按标准加入法在3个浓度水平上进行回收试验,回收率在80.6%~99.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%~7.9%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄酒中赭曲霉毒素A、B的残留量

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定葡萄酒中赭曲霉毒素A、B的残留量。样品用氨水调节pH后离心,上清液过C18固相萃取柱净化,以甲醇洗脱,氮气吹至近干后用甲醇-0.15%甲酸(7+3)溶液定容至1mL。以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-含5mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液的0.15%甲酸溶液(7+3)混合液为流动相进行洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源及选择多反应监测模式进行测定。赭曲霉毒素A、B的线性范围在10.0μg·L-1以内,方法的测定下限(10S/N)均为2.0μg·L-1。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在66.3%~87.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.2%~7.6%之间。方法用于葡萄酒中赭曲霉毒素A、B的测定,结果与美国化学家协会检测方法的测定结果一致。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定果蔬中9种农药残留

提出了同时测定蔬菜、水果中9种农药残留的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经乙腈超声提取及Florisil固相萃取柱富集,用正己烷-二氯甲烷(40+60)混合溶剂从柱上洗脱农药残留使净化。洗脱液在40℃氮气吹干,残渣用1.0 mL甲醇溶解,取1μL样品溶液注入高效液相色谱仪测定。采用C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇-水混合溶液为流动相,紫外254 nm检测。结果表明:9种农药的质量浓度在0.01~1.0 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.009~0.049 mg.kg-1之间。分别以蔬菜和水果为基体,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得蔬菜中9种农药的回收率为68.3%~103.2%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.8%~13.9%;水果中农药的回收率为69.4%~106.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.9%~11.8%。     

凝胶渗透色谱净化-柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法同时测定食用植物油中9种真菌毒素

提出了用凝胶渗透色谱净化和柱后光化学衍生-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定食用油中9种真菌毒素。样品用乙腈均质提取,用凝胶色谱柱进行净化。为解决黄曲霉素B1和G1在水溶液中的荧光猝灭问题,在二极管阵列检测器(DAD)和荧光检测器(FLD)之间连接了光化学衍生器,使B1和G1衍生成荧光强度高的物质。HPLC分析中用SunFireTMC18色谱柱和以不同体积比的(A)水和(B)甲醇-乙腈(1+1)溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。9种真菌毒素分别在一定浓度范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)在0.01~0.20mg·kg-1之间。以空白样品作基体进行加标回收试验,回收率在83.0%~97.4%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%~4.8%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.