高效液相色谱法测定玫瑰花中9种黄酮

提出了高效液相色谱法测定玫瑰花中9种黄酮含量的方法。玫瑰花样品经甲醇-水(8+2)混合液高速匀浆提取,分取提取液5.0mL,经MCI-GEL反相树脂固相萃取小柱净化,取净化液2.00mL供色谱分析。用Waters Exterra色谱柱为分离柱,用甲醇和乙酸(0.5+99.5)溶液以不同比例混合的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在检测波长358nm处进行测定。9种黄酮在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在35~45μg·L-1之间。加标回收率在96.3%~106%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.8%~2.8%之间。     

高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定海产品中9种砷形态化合物

1.000 0g样品经38 mL的0.5 mmol·L~(-1)(NH_4)_2CO_3溶液-甲醇(99+1)混合液(pH 8.5)超声萃取2h后,加入乙酸2mL,用水定容至50mL,离心后,上清液在Hamilton PRPX100阴离子分析柱(250mm×4mm,10μm)上分离,以0.5mmol·L~(-1)碳酸铵溶液-甲醇(99+1)混合液为流动相A(pH 8.5),50mmol·L~(-1)碳酸铵溶液-甲醇(99+1)混合液(pH 8.5)为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,9种砷形态化合物在20 min内达到完全分离,经电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。9种砷形态化合物的质量浓度在一定范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在50~100μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在74.0%~109%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.4%~13%之间。方法用于海产品中9种砷形态化合物的测定,结果表明样品中的砷主要以无毒的砷甜菜碱形式存在。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定果蔬中9种农药残留

提出了同时测定蔬菜、水果中9种农药残留的高效液相色谱分析方法。样品经乙腈超声提取及Florisil固相萃取柱富集,用正己烷-二氯甲烷(40+60)混合溶剂从柱上洗脱农药残留使净化。洗脱液在40℃氮气吹干,残渣用1.0 mL甲醇溶解,取1μL样品溶液注入高效液相色谱仪测定。采用C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇-水混合溶液为流动相,紫外254 nm检测。结果表明:9种农药的质量浓度在0.01~1.0 mg.L-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.009~0.049 mg.kg-1之间。分别以蔬菜和水果为基体,加入标准溶液进行回收试验,测得蔬菜中9种农药的回收率为68.3%~103.2%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.8%~13.9%;水果中农药的回收率为69.4%~106.0%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.9%~11.8%。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中34种植物生长调节剂的残留量

提出了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定果蔬中34种植物生长调节剂残留量的方法。样品2.000 0g用乙腈10.0mL提取,经Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化。取流出液5.0mL,氮气吹至近干,用甲醇(1+9)溶液溶解残渣并定容至1.0mL。以Waters CSH氟苯基色谱柱为固定相,以甲醇-5mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液[含0.10%(体积分数)乙酸]为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾正、负离子源和多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。34种植物生长调节剂在一定范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.01~0.20μg·kg-1。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率为71.0%~115%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.60%~16%。     

超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆飞行时间质谱法测定人体尿液中14种内源性甾体激素含量

样品5.000 0g,加pH 6.8的磷酸缓冲溶液2.0mL、β-葡萄糖醛酸甙酶150μL混合,于55℃培养2h,冷却至室温,用乙醚5mL超声5min,提取2次。合并提取液,经氮气吹干后,加甲醇(3+7)溶液5mL溶解残渣,再经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,用甲醇-乙腈(1+1)溶液5mL洗脱。净化液经氮气吹干,用乙腈(95+5)溶解并稀释至1mL后进行色谱分离,以HSS T3色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比的乙腈和含0.1%(体积分数)甲酸的5mmol·L~(-1)乙酸铵溶液的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。质谱分析中采用电喷雾离子源和全信息串联质谱采集模式。14种内源性甾体激素的质量分数在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.5~5.0μg·kg~(-1)之间。按标准加入法在3个浓度水平上进行回收试验,回收率在80.6%~99.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.1%~7.9%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中9种β_2-受体激动剂残留量

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了猪肉中9种β-受体激动剂的残留量。样品经β-葡萄糖醛苷酶/芳基硫酸酯酶酶解后加入高氯酸沉淀蛋白并离心,取上清液过PCX阳离子固相萃取小柱净化,用氨水-甲醇(5+95)混合液洗脱,氮气吹干后用乙腈定容至1 mL。以CAPCELL PAK CR色谱柱为分离柱,以10mmol·L-1乙酸铵溶液-乙腈(55+45)混合溶液(含体积分数为0.1%的甲酸)为流动相进行洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源及选择反应监测模式进行测定,内标法进行定量。9种β-受体激动剂的质量浓度在4.00~100μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.09~0.50μg·L-1之间。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在83.2%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在5.0%~12%之间。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大蒜中40种农药残留

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定大蒜中40种农药的残留量。样品经磷酸酸化的乙腈提取后,采用QuEChERS方法净化,净化液采用Waters HSS T3C_(18)色谱柱分离,以甲酸-氨水-水(0.01+0.05+99.94)混合溶液和甲醇的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱中选择电喷雾电离源和多反应监测模式。40种农药的质量浓度均在5.0~400μg·L~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在0.1~5μg·kg~(-1)之间。加标回收率在70.1%~129%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.6%~9.3%之间。     

免疫亲和柱净化-光化学柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定柏子仁中的黄曲霉毒素

采用免疫亲和柱净化-光化学柱后衍生-高效液相色谱法测定中药材柏子仁中的黄曲霉毒素G_2、G_1、B_2和B_1。样品经甲醇(7+3)溶液提取,提取液经免疫亲和柱净化,用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液经黄曲霉毒素专用C18色谱柱分离,以甲醇(45+55)溶液为流动相进行洗脱,柱后光化学衍生波长为254nm,荧光检测器的激发波长为365nm,发射波长为440nm。黄曲霉毒素G2、B2的线性范围均为0.125~5.0μg·L~(-1),黄曲霉毒素G_1、B_1的线性范围均为0.50~20μg·L~(-1),检出限(3S/N)在0.012~0.047μg·L~(-1)之间。加标回收率81.4%~105%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.6%~6.9%之间。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定农产品中矮壮素残留量

提出了农产品中矮壮素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经甲醇-水(1+1)溶液提取,正己烷液液萃取后,采用阳离子交换固相萃取柱净化。所得净化液以阳离子交换树脂与C18混合填料色谱柱为固定相,以含0.1%(体积分数)乙酸的乙腈-10mmol·L-1乙酸铵(1+1)溶液为流动相进行等度洗脱,采用电喷雾正离子源,多反应监测模式检测,同位素内标法定量。矮壮素的线性范围为1.0~100μg·L-1,检出限(3S/N)为5μg·kg-1,测定下限(10S/N)为10μg·kg-1。矮壮素在10,100,500μg·kg-1等3个加标水平的回收率为90.5%~98.5%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.99%~2.2%之间。     

离子色谱法测定啤酒中6种无机阴离子的含量

取啤酒样品(10.0mL)超声脱气30min,用经活化的固相萃取小柱净化。收集净化液2.0mL,用水稀释至20.0mL。所得样品溶液经0.22μm滤膜过滤后,直接进样进行离子色谱分析。采用阴离子交换柱IonPac AS11作为分离柱,用氢氧化钾淋洗液发生器产生的不同浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作梯度淋洗,流量为1.0 mL·min~(-1),柱温为35℃。6种无机阴离子(Cl~-、NO_2~-、Br~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、PO_4~(3-))在一定质量浓度范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)在0.005~0.028mg·L~(-1)之间。对同一个啤酒样品进行精密度试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.1%~3.0%之间。按标准加入法进行回收试验,回收率在89.0%~105%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.