含三乙烯二胺强弱碱功能基阴离子交换树脂的制备及其吸附性能

含三乙烯二胺强弱碱功能基阴离子交换树脂的制备及其吸附性能;三乙烯二胺; 强弱碱基阴离子交换树脂; 滴定曲线; 苯甲酸; 吸附性能     

含酯基聚合物液相色谱填料的制备与性能

采用新的聚合工艺制备了用于高效液相色谱的双甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯-苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物柱填料.该球形聚合物的料径为5±2μm,测定了渗透性、理论塔板高度和选择性等柱参数,并与文献中类似填料的数据作比较.此种含酯基聚合物柱效较高、刚性好、渗透性强,适于分离芳胺、酚类和环己酮过氧化物等中等极性混合物.     

侧链含酞菁铜功能基的聚苯胺的制备与性能研究

以酞菁铜、氯磺酸和氯化亚砜为原料合成酞菁铜磺酰氯,并将其与本征态聚苯胺进行反应,合成了侧链悬挂酞菁铜功能基的聚苯胺(PAnCuPc).用元素分析、红外光谱和紫外-可见吸收光谱对产物和反应中间体进行了结构表征.PAnCuPc可溶于强极性非质子溶剂.如NMP,DMF,DMSO和DMAc,甚至在常用的低沸点溶剂如THF和三氯甲烷中也有一定的溶解性.红外光谱研究表明,与本征态聚苯胺相比,侧链含酞菁铜功能基的聚苯胺的吸收峰向低频方向移动.紫外-可见吸收光谱表明,侧链悬挂酞菁铜功能基的聚苯胺在可见光区和近红外区都具有较强的吸收.透射电镜和X射线衍射研究表明,该产物具有较强的结晶性能.     

化学吸附纤维制备、性能及应用研究进展

综述了20年来作者对化学吸附纤维(离子交换、螯合)制备、性能及应用研究结果．包括已发表的文章、未全丈发表的会议报告及尚未发表的研究结果．化学吸附纤维制备研究：基体纤维有聚丙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯醇纤维，采用方法有辐射引发、化学引发、大分子化学转化，研制了强酸、弱酸性阳离子交换纤维；强碱、弱碱性阴离子交换纤维、螯合纤维．应用研究：对金、铀、重金属等离子的吸附和分离；在填充床电渗析中的应用、吸附气体中H2S、CO2、NH3、HCl、SO2，以及CO2、H2S的分离；废水处理等．     

含磺酸,羧酸双功能基树脂对混合氨基酸的分离性能研究

对苯乙烯-丙烯腈-二乙烯基苯(S/AN/DVB)交联共聚机理研究曾发现,丙烯腈作为第三单体,可使DVB竞聚率比在S/DVB共聚体系中降低,相互分离显著,从而有利于合成性能较好的离子交换树脂;本文在此基础上,将S/AN/DVB共聚体中的氰基水解成羧基来合成含磺酸、羧酸双功能基树脂,解决了前人研究中仅有50％的氰基水解成羧基的问题,并首次将这种树脂应用于混合氨基酸的分离。     

含酞菁功能基聚苯乙烯的光电导性能研究

合成了新型含酞菁功能基聚苯乙烯，该聚合物具有优良的溶解性能和成膜能力，同时又有一定的光电导性，对该聚合物的染料增感研究发现结晶紫，孔雀绿对于该聚合物均有增感作用，较大幅度地提高了光电导性．采用ＥＳＲ和荧光光谱的研究表明，该聚合物的光电导机理可能是形成了电荷转移络合物．     

邻氨基苯酚改性壳聚糖树脂的制备及吸附性能的研究

本文制备了一种邻氨基酚改性壳聚糖树脂，用红外光谱和扫描电镜表征其结构，研究了该树脂对金属离子Cu^2 、Pb^2 、Ca^2 的吸附性能。结果表明，改性壳聚糖树脂为蜂窝状多孔微球树脂，平均戏约250μm，不溶于水、酸、碱，其对金属离子的吸附在pH=4时，2h基本达到平衡，对金属离子Cu^2 、Pb^2 、Ca^2 的静态饱和吸附量分别为2.95mmol/g、1.95mmol/g、1.32mmol/g。     

羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖的制备及其吸湿、保湿性能

抑菌活性;羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖的制备及其吸湿、保湿性能     

含靶向和造影双功能基的PEO的合成

含靶向和造影双功能基的PEO的合成;泛影酸;磺胺嘧啶钠;靶向性;造影剂;聚环氧乙烷;开环聚合     

几种植物基活性炭材料的表面结构与吸附性能比较——(II)表面化学结构与吸附性能研究

用X-射线光电子能谱对3种植物基活性炭材料:椰壳活性炭 (CAC4)、剑麻茎基活性炭(SSAC)和剑麻基活性碳纤维 (SACF) 的表面化学结构进行了表征,并研究和对比了它们的吸附性能,包括对碘、苯酚和亚甲基蓝的液相吸附性能,对有机蒸汽的吸附性能以及对Au3+的还原吸附性能等。结果表明,3个样品表面均含有多种含氧官能团,吸附能力SACF>SSAC> CAC4。样品的吸附性能主要取决于自身孔结构,与其表面化学结构也有密切的关系。     

Effect of Microwave Plasma Pre-Treatment on Cotton Cellulose Dissolution

The utilization of cellulose to its full potential is constrained by its recalcitrance to dissolution resulting from the rigidity of polymeric chains, high crystallinity, high molecular weight, and extensive intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding network. Therefore, pretreatment of cellulose is usually considered as a step that can help facilitate its dissolution. We investigated the use of microwave oxygen plasma as a pre-treatment strategy to enhance the dissolution of cotton fibers in aqueous NaOH/Urea solution, which is considered to be a greener solvent system compared to others. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Powder X-ray Diffraction analyses revealed that plasma pretreatment of cotton cellulose leads to physicochemical changes of cotton fibers. Pretreatment of cotton cellulose with oxygen plasma for 20 and 40 min resulted in the reduction of the molecular weight of cellulose by 36% and 60% and crystallinity by 16% and 25%, respectively. This reduction in molecular weight and crystallinity led to a 34% and 68% increase in the dissolution of 1% (w/v) cotton cellulose in NaOH/Urea solvent system. Thus, treating cotton cellulose with microwave oxygen plasma alters its physicochemical properties and enhanced its dissolution.     

硫/碳纤维复合膜的制备及电化学性能

采用热丝化学气相沉积法先在铁箔上沉积了致密的碳纤维膜,后通过加热渗硫法制得硫/碳纤维复合膜,并将其用作锂硫电池正极材料。通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射表征膜的形貌和结构,采用恒流充放电法和阻抗测量法测试复合膜的电化学性能。结果表明,随热丝与铁箔基底间距减小,碳纤维膜致密度先升高后降低;随H2与(Ar+C3H6O)的体积流量比减小,碳纤维膜致密度升高。当丝基距为6 mm,流量比为30/40时,铁箔上沉积了厚度为50μm的致密碳纤维膜,其中碳纤维有良好的垂直取向性和较高结晶度。在硫/碳纤维复合膜正极中,密集的碳纤维形成均匀分布且垂直取向性良好的导电骨架,当电流密度为0.4 mA.cm-2时,硫/碳纤维复合膜正极的初次放电比容量为1 128 mAh.g-1,50次循环后的放电比容量为811 mAh.g-1。     

超疏水棉花的制备及用于油水分离

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2水溶胶,并用三甲基甲氧基硅烷进行疏水改性,通过一步浸泡法将改性后SiO2水溶胶修饰到棉花上制备出改性棉花,用接触角测定仪和扫描电子显微镜对制备的改性棉花进行了表征,二次蒸馏水及酸、碱液滴在改性棉花上的接触角均大于150°,表明制备的改性棉花具有超疏水性和耐酸碱性。 改性棉花对柴油展示了高达8.3 g/g的饱和吸附量,在5次重复使用中,吸附能力和接触角均可维持在4.0 g/g和大于150°水平。 在油水混合物吸附研究中,改性棉花吸水量仅是未改性棉花吸水量的1/45,表明改性棉花对油具有很好的选择性。 吸附了柴油后的改性棉花经过简单挤压,即可直接回收吸附的柴油和释放出改性棉花,从而实现了改性棉花的重复使用。     

先驱体转化法制备Si-B-N-C陶瓷纤维及表征

以聚硼硅氮烷为先驱体, 经熔融纺丝、不熔化处理及氮气中高温热解、烧结得到Si-B-N-C陶瓷纤维. 利用元素分析、FTIR、XRD、高温热重分析等手段对Si-B-N-C纤维的组成、结构以及高温稳定性和抗氧化性等进行了表征. 结果表明, 纤维主要由Si3N4, BN和SiC等相组成, 其室温抗拉强度为2.1 GPa, 弹性模量为230 GPa, 具有很好的非晶稳定性和高温抗氧化性, 惰性气氛中可保持非晶至1700 ℃, 空气中加热至1100 ℃以下时无增重, 在1100-1400 ℃温度范围内增重约3.3％.     

阻燃超疏水棉纤维的制备及性能

将氢氧化镁(Mg(OH)₂)凝胶沉积到棉纤维上,以提高棉纤维表面粗糙度和阻燃性能,随后将含有Mg(OH)₂的棉纤维浸渍到聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)溶液,获得阻燃超疏水棉织物。 并对棉纤维进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、疏水性、热稳定性、阻燃性能和耐久性测试。 结果表明,Mg(OH)₂负载到织物上,使得织物表面具有一定的微/纳米结构,形成了粗糙涂层。 当Mg(OH)₂浓度为1.0 mol/L时,Mg(OH)₂/PDMS改性的织物接触角(CA)可达158°,极限氧指数(LOI)提升至24.5%,导热系数为0.0525 W/(m·K), 具有超疏水和阻燃性能。 整理后织物经过20次洗涤,100次磨擦,极端条件处理后,CA仍大于150°,LOI值高于23%,显示了较好的耐久性。     

Preparation of Lignin-Based High-Ortho Thermoplastic Phenolic Resins and Fibers

Surplus lignin, which is inefficiently used, is generated in the forestry industry. Currently, most studies use lignin instead of phenol to synthesize thermosetting resins which cannot be reprocessed, thus affecting its application field. Thermoplastic phenolic resin has an orderly structure and excellent molding performance, which can greatly improve its application field and economic value. Herein, phenol was partially replaced with enzymolysis lignin (without treatment), generating lignin-based high-ortho thermoplastic phenolic resins (LPRs), and then lignin-based phenolic fibers (LPFs) were prepared by melt spinning. FTIR, ¹³C-NMR and GPC were used to characterize the ortho–para position ratio (O/P value), molecular weight and its distribution (PDI), and rheological properties of the resin. TG, XRD, SEM and tensile property studies were used to determine the thermal stability, orientation, and surface morphology of the fiber. Lignin addition resulted in the decline of the O/P value and molecular weight of the resin. For the 10% LPR, the O/P value, Mw, and PDI were 1.28, 4263, and 2.74, respectively, with the fiber exhibiting relatively good spinnability. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the 10% LPF were 160.9 MPa and 1.9%, respectively. The addition of lignin effectively improved the thermal properties of the fiber, and the carbon yields of 20% LPF before and after curing were 39.7% and 53.6%, respectively, which were 22.2% and 13.7% higher than that of the unmodified fiber, respectively.     

The Identification of Cotton Fibers Dyed with Reactive Dyes for Forensic Purposes

Some of the most common microtraces that are currently collected at crime scenes are fragments of single fibers. The perpetrator leaves them at a crime scene or takes them away, for example, on their clothing or body. In turn, the microscopic dimensions of such traces mean that the perpetrator does not notice them and therefore usually does not take action to remove them. Cotton and polyester fibers dyed by reactive and dispersion dyes, respectively, are very popular within clothing products, and they are hidden among microtraces at the scene of a crime. In our recently published review paper, we summarized the possibilities for the identification of disperse dyes of polyester fibers for forensic purposes. In this review, we are concerned with cotton fibers dyed with reactive dyes. Cotton fibers are natural ones that cannot easily be distinguished on the basis of morphological features. Consequently, their color and consequently the dye composition are often their only characteristics. The presented methods for the identification of reactive dyes could be very interesting not only for forensic laboratories, but also for scientists working in food, cosmetics or pharmaceutical/medical sciences.     

氮化硼纤维先驱体的制备与表征

以三氯环硼氮烷为原料, 将其与正丙胺/异丙胺进行共取代反应, 制得了不同结构的取代单体, 再经热聚合反应获得了相应的聚硼氮烷先驱体. 通过分析不同正丙胺/异丙胺配比制得的聚合产物的组成与结构, 探讨了不同单体的胺基取代基对先驱体的聚合反应性及对产物结构的影响. 结果表明, 当正丙胺/异丙胺摩尔比为2∶1, 聚合温度为150 ℃, 反应时间为10 h时, 合成产物具有近似线性分子结构, 熔点为90 ℃, 具有良好的成丝性, 可获得平均直径10~20 μm, 组成为BC_1.27N_1.52H_x的先驱体纤维, 先驱体纤维再经不熔化处理及1200 ℃氨气高温煅烧等工艺可获得近化学计量比的氮化硼纤维.     

石墨烯纤维：制备、性能与应用

石墨烯纤维是一种由石墨烯片层紧密有序排列而成的一维宏观组装材料。通过合理的结构设计和可控制备,石墨烯纤维能够将石墨烯在微观尺度的优异性能有效传递至宏观尺度,展现出优异的力学、电学、热学等性能,从而应用于功能织物、传感、能源等领域。目前,石墨烯纤维主要通过湿法纺丝、限域水热组装等方法制备得到,其性能可以通过对材料体系和制备工艺的优化而进一步提升。本文首先介绍了石墨烯纤维的制备方法,然后详细阐述了石墨烯纤维的性能,讨论了其性能提升策略,并总结了石墨烯纤维的应用,最后对石墨烯纤维的未来发展、挑战和前景进行了展望。