生化标本检验前质量控制研究

目的探讨生化标本检验前质量控制方法。方法选取陕西省宝鸡市千阳县人民医院检验科400例体检者作为研究对象,随机分成对照组和观察组,对照组为溶血样本,观察组为不溶血样本。检测和比较生化标本中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸转氨酶(ALP)以及丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)水平。同时,观察对照组样本放置时间对检验结果的影响。结果观察组ALT、AST水平均低于对照组,且P0.05;但两组ALP水平无明显差异,且P0.05;样本放置时间越长,乙肝等疾病检查率则会明显降低。结论对生化样本检验前加强质量控制,及时实施积极措施,可有效降低ALT、AST水平,确保标本运送时间,从而保证检验结果可靠性和准确性,提高生化标本检验水平。     

相关因素对300例血液采集标本生化检验结果的影响分析

目的探讨血液标本的相关因素对生化检验结果的影响。方法选择2014年1月—2014年12月广东惠州市中心血站收治的300例患者为研究对象,分析患者血液标本采集部位、采集时机、送检时间等因素对生化检验结果造成的影响。结果患者血液标本采集的部位、时机、送检时间等均对生化检验造成较大的影响。结论严格遵循患者血液标本采集原则,按照规范进行操作,可以提高血液标本检测的准确性。     

肾上腺皮质疾病生化检验诊断价值

目的对肾上腺皮质疾病生化检验诊断价值进行探析。方法收集广东省中山市三角医院在2013年1月—2015年6月收治的60例肾上腺皮质疾病患者,分为两组,分别使用常规检验与生化检验进行诊断,对比与观察两组患者的检出率。结果观察组患者的检验有效率是90%,对照组是70%,差异性显著(P0.05)。结论生化检验在肾上腺皮质疾病临床诊断中的应用,具备良好的诊断价值,能够提高患者的检验有效率,提高临床诊断与检验结果的符合率,以准确判断患者疾病,并以此为基础制定科学有效的治疗方案,提高患者的临床治疗效果,改善患者预后。     

血液检验在贫血鉴别诊断中的作用研究

目的分析研究在贫血的鉴别诊断中血液检验所起到的作用。方法选取杭州市拱墅区米市巷街道社区卫生服务中心2012年8月-2014年4月经检验的贫血患者60例,作为观察组,其中30例为溶血性贫血患者,作为观察组1,另30例为缺铁性贫血患者,作为观察组2,再选取30例正常人作为对照组,均对其血细胞进行检测,观察3组患者血液中的RBC、MCV、Hb、MCH、RDW指标的差异,以及观察组中两组的灵敏度,特异性和符合率的差异。结果观察组1中RBC指标低于对照组,观察组2中Hb指标明显低于观察组1和对照组,对照组中MCH明显高于观察组1和观察组2,组间对比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组1与观察组2灵敏度、特异度和符合率的差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血液检验在贫血类型的鉴别诊断中,发挥重要的作用,具有一定的临床价值。     

发热病人病因判断中血细胞形态学检验的应用研究

目的探讨血细胞形态学检验在发热病人病因判断中的应用价值。方法随机抽取广东省汕头市龙湖人民医院2014年1月到2014年12月间收治的发热患者200例作为研究对象,并以200例健康受检者作为对照,分别对两组受检者的血液标本实施常规检验及血涂片染色显微镜检,在显微镜下观察各种细胞的细胞形态学变化,计算形态异常检出率,并分别比较其Hct、RDWSD、MCH、MCHC、MCV的检测水平。结果观察组外周血细胞异常变化检出率为60.0%,对照组仅为7.5%,其中,白细胞变化、大细胞性贫血、小细胞性贫血、异性淋巴细胞变化、异常细胞等的检出率均显著高于对照组,比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。而Hct、RDW-SD、MCHC、MCV等指标的检测结果也均显著高于对照组,比较有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论通过对血液标本的血细胞形态进行观察,能够对发热疾病的发生发展进行判断,一定程度上明确患病的原因,并为其临床治疗提供指导依据。     

肝素抗凝血浆与血清中微量元素测定的对比分析

目的研究肝素抗凝血浆代替血清进行微量元素测定的可行性。方法选择2014年6月在汉川市人民医院接受生化检验的272例患者,采用Beckman DXC800型全自动生化分析仪,同时检测患者的肝素抗血浆和血清中锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)3种微量元素的浓度。结果肝素抗凝血浆锌、铁与血清中的锌、铁离子浓度比较无显著差异,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血浆中铜离子的浓度明显低于血清中铜离子的检测值,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但通过回归方程可以校正。结论肝素抗凝检测方法能够有效避开血液的凝固过程,在短时间内分离标本并检测,从而减少放置误差。但肝素抗凝血浆铜的检验还应进行回归校正。     

血镁、血脂与脑血管病的关系

为探讨血清镁、血脂与脑血管疾病的关系 ,测定和比较了脑梗死 83例、脑出血 79例患者的血清镁 (Mg)、总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL -C)水平 ,并与 3 2例非脑血管病患者进行了比较。结果表明 ,脑梗死组血清Mg、HDL -C水平降低均与对照组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1 ) ,其中脑梗死组血清Mg明显低于脑出血组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;脑出血组血清Mg水平降低、TG水平升高均与对照组差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1 ) ;三组患者间的血清TC、LDL -C水平无明显差别。提示血清Mg和HDL-C水平降低以及血清TG水平升高可能是增加脑梗死和脑出血发生的危险因素。     

肝素抗凝血浆用于急诊生化检验的可行性探析

目的探讨在临床急诊生化检验过程中,肝素抗凝血浆应用效果和可行性情况。方法选取中国人民解放军第5702厂职工医院2014年2月—2015年3月进行临床试验患者70例,所有患者血液样本收集量相同,且分成两支,一支有抗凝剂,一支无,选择专业智能生化分析器进行临床测定和检验,检验相关急诊生化项目,研究分析急诊生化检验结果。结果经过急诊生化检验发现,在血浆和血清相关离子以及二氧化碳和尿素上,70例患者之间不存在差异性,患者血清钾元素含量明显高于血浆钾元素含量,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05),且在葡萄糖含量上,患者血浆明显高于患者血清,差异存在统计学意义(P0.05)。结论肝素抗凝血浆用于急诊生化检验可行性较高,肝素抗凝可不经过血液凝固实现标本分离目标,还可抑制血溶产生,避免放置误差等问题出现,因此肝素抗凝血浆在急诊生化检验当中应用效果比较显著。     

前列地尔注射液治疗老年糖尿病肾病34例的临床疗效观察

目的观察研究前列地尔注射液治疗老年糖尿病肾病患者的临床疗效。方法从揭阳市人民医院收治的老年糖尿病肾病患者中随机选择68例作为研究对象,并采用数字收取表法将患者分为两组,其中采用常规治疗方案的34例患者为对照组,另外34例患者则采用前列地尔注射液治疗为观察组,对两组患者的临床疗效、血脂及肾功能等进行比较。结果治疗后观察组的甘油三酯、血肌酐、尿素氮及24 h尿蛋白排泄率等指标显著低于对照组,数据比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的治疗总有效率为94.12%,对照组患者的治疗总有效率为76.47%,数据比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对老年糖尿病肾病患者采用前列地尔注射液治疗能够有效改善患者的临床症状,降低血脂及肾功能指标,值得推广应用。     

输血检验中低离子聚凝胺技术的临床应用效果分析

目的分析低离子聚凝胺技术应用于输血检验中的临床应用效果。方法选择收治的受血和供血患者200例进行分析,选取时段为2015年6月至2016年6月期间,采用抽签分组方式进行分组,其中100例予以常规盐水法进行输血检验的患者为对照组,而100例予以低离子聚凝胺技术进行输血检验的患者为实验组,对两组患者检验效果进行比较和分析。结果相较于对照组,实验组患者的阳性检出率、稳定性、准确度、灵敏度均明显较高,对比具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论低离子聚凝胺技术应用于输血检验中具有较高的应用效果,值得应用和推广。     

Homeostasis as regulated by activated macrophage. VII. Suppression of serum cholesterol level by LPSw (a lipopolysaccharide from wheat flour) in WHHL (Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic) rabbit.

The effect of LPSw (a lipopolysaccharide from wheat flour) on cholesterol catabolism was examined using WHHL (Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic) rabbit, which is an experimental model of familial hyperlipidemia. The serum cholesterol level of the animal decreased by the addition of LPSw to drinking water. Following cessation of the addition of LPSw to the drinking water, the cholesterol level was decreased for 30 to 40d and then gradually elevated. The serum level of apolipoprotein B, which is a constituent of apolipoprotein of low density lipoprotein (LDL), also decreased in accord with serum cholesterol at a nearly coincident rate. Conversely, the level of apolipoprotein A-I, which is a constituent of apolipoprotein of high density lipoprotein (HDL), did not change, nor did HDL-cholesterol. Furthermore, the atherosclerosis risk factor, expressed as the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I, was decreased by LPSw administration.     

Phenotyping apolipoprotein E*3-leiden transgenic mice by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric identification

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays an important role in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism, being one of the major structural components of chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) remnants. ApoE functions as a ligand in the receptor-mediated uptake of these remnants from the blood by the liver. A variant form of ApoE, apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden, shows reduced affinity for the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, and results in the dominant expression of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) has been used to characterise protein expression in serum samples from control and transgenic mice expressing the human ApoE*3-Leiden mutation, fed a cholesterol-rich diet, and transgenic mice fed a normal diet. For the identification of proteins, single silver-stained spots were excised from the 2-DE gels and subjected to in-gel enzymatic digestion. Extracted peptides were analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). This proteomic approach has enabled the ApoE*3-Leiden variant to be positioned in a 2-DE separation of serum proteins, and has identified changes in the expression of haptoglobin, indicating that this protein may provide a marker for the potential onset of atherosclerosis.     

Bee Bread Can Alleviate Lipid Abnormalities and Impaired Bone Morphology in Obese Zucker Diabetic Rats

This study examined for the first time whether bee bread (BB, consisting of monofloral rape bee pollen) could alleviate lipid derangements and reduced bone quality in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, which are considered an appropriate animal model for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) investigation. Adult ZDF rats were segregated into four groups: lean non-diabetic rats (L group), obese diabetic rats untreated (C group), and those treated with the BB at two doses (500 and 700 mg/kg body weight, respectively, B1 and B2 groups) for 10 weeks. Significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride were recorded in the B2 group versus the C group. In both BB-treated groups, significantly increased relative volume of trabecular bone and trabecular thickness, enhanced density of secondary osteons, accelerated periosteal bone apposition, and improved blood flow were observed. A positive effect of higher dose of BB on femoral weight and cortical bone thickness was also demonstrated. Our results suggest a promising potential of BB to ameliorate T2DM-related complications associated with lipid and bone damages.     

Taurine ameliorates hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia by reducing insulin resistance and leptin level in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats with long-term diabetes

This study aimed to determine whether taurine supplementation improves metabolic disturbances and diabetic complications in an animal model for type 2 diabetes. We investigated whether taurine has therapeutic effects on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and diabetic complications in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats with long-term duration of diabetes. Fourteen 50-week-old OLETF rats with chronic diabetes were fed a diet supplemented with taurine (2%) or a non-supplemented control diet for 12 weeks. Taurine reduced blood glucose levels over 12 weeks, and improved OGTT outcomes at 6 weeks after taurine supplementation, in OLETF rats. Taurine significantly reduced insulin resistance but did not improve β-cell function or islet mass. After 12 weeks, taurine significantly decreased serum levels of lipids such as triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Taurine significantly reduced serum leptin, but not adiponectin levels. However, taurine had no therapeutic effect on damaged tissues. Taurine ameliorated hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, at least in part, by improving insulin sensitivity and leptin modulation in OLETF rats with long-term diabetes. Additional study is needed to investigate whether taurine has the same beneficial effects in human diabetic patients.     

Analysis of lipoproteins with analytical capillary isotachophoresis

An analytical free flow capillary isotachophoresis procedure, with a discontinuous electrolyte system, for the detailed analysis of lipoproteins in human body fluids has been developed. The technique is based on prestaining whole serum lipoproteins with a lipophilic dye before separation. Human serum lipoproteins are separated into 14 well-characterized subfractions according to their electrophoretic mobility. High density lipoproteins (fraction 1 to 6) are separated into three major subpopulations, the fast migrating high density lipoprotein (HDL) subpopulation, containing mainly apo AI and phosphatidylcholine, the subpopulation with intermediate mobility, consisting of particles rich in apo AII, apo E, and C apolipoproteins, and the slowly migrating HDL subfraction, containing mainly particles rich in apo AI, apo AIV, and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. The apo B containing lipoproteins (fraction 7 to 14) can be subdivided into four major functional groups. The first represents chylomicron derived particles and large triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). The second group consists of small VLDL and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) particles, anf the third and fourth group represent the low density lipoproteins. The isotachophoretic analysis of human serum samples obtained from patients with hyperlipoproteinemias is compatible with the classification according to the Frederickson phenotypes and reflects the respective biochemical abnormalities. Furthermore, several genetic disorders of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism like HDL deficiency syndromes, familial LCAT deficiency, Fish eye disease, hypobetalipoproteinemia and abetalipoproteinemia can be well characterized by analytical capillary iso tachophoresis. In addition to patient analysis we investigated the influence of lipid lowering drugs on the lipoprotein subfraction distribution during therapy with analytical capillary isotachophoresis.     

影响患者临床尿常规检验结果的因素分析

目的分析影响患者临床尿常规检验结果的因素。方法选取中山市西区医院2014年—2015年收治的进行尿常规检验的患者120例作为研究对象,按照患者采集尿液标本的先后顺序,将120例患者分为两组,实验组和对照组各有60例患者。对照组采用传统手工检验尿液的试验方法。实验组患者采用化学分析仪器进行检验。结合两组患者的临床资料,对影响尿常规检验结果的影响因素进行分析。结果经过研究发现,实验组患者与对照组患者在白细胞、蛋白质、红细胞等指标水平上无差异,P0.05表示无统计学意义。结合两组患者的临床基本资料发现,采集尿液的操作方法、运输以及保管整个检验过程是影响尿常规检验结果的主要影响因素。结论临床在为患者进行常规检查的时候,从患者准备工作,到尿液标本采集操作和检验操作以及运输等都要进行严格的把关。检验的整个流程会对尿常规结果产生不同程度的影响,需要引起临床医生的注意,加强对检测过程的监管,提高尿常规检验结果的准确性,为临床诊断提供更加可靠的依据。     

Facile preparation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles mediated by Centaurea alba extract and assessment of the anti-atherosclerotic properties

This research work attempts to synthesize iron nanoparticles with Centaurea alba extract. The reported synthesis method serves to be more effective over conventional physical and chemical methods, which is found to be cost effective, recyclable, biocompatible and prevents oxidation of iron oxide nanoparticle as well.As the extract of Centaurea alba possess high content of flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids, it thereby prevents the oxidation and accumulation iron oxide NPs. The morphological features of the obtained nanoparticle were determined by TEM and SEM imaging techniques. Furthermore, various spectroscopic techniques including UV-Vis, FT-IR has been evaluated.As a part of cellular and molecular studies, the prepared FeNPs was subjected to MTT assay for 48h on normal (HUVEC) cells to evaluate its cytotoxicity. The IC50 of FeNPs and BHT against DPPH free radicals were 287 and 191 µg/mL respectively. Male Wistar rats were selected as the model organism for the in vivo studies and has been categorized into 6 groups, where normal diet was provided to the control group, cholesterol diet was provided to sham group (HCD: 1.50% cholesterol and 24.00% fat) and HCD was provided to other groups. FeNPs were infused at low (100µg Kg^-1), moderate (200 µg/Kg) and maximum (400 µg/Kg) doses via gavages. Additionally, atorvastatin (10 mg Kg^-1) was provided to the last group through gavages with HCD. Six months has been fixed as a study period for all the groups. Various parameters including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was assessed in the blood samples of the test organism at the end of the period. Furthermore, sections of coronary artery and aortic arteries were subjected to histopathological examinations, which showed increase in vessel wall thickness in HCD group, however FeNPstreated groups showed no significant pathological changes. Decrease in TG, TC and LDL-C was observed upon treatment of HCD animals with FeNPs.     

The hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed on alloxan-induced diabetic male rats

The hypoglycemic and antioxidants activities of the methanol extract of Lepidium sativum seeds was tested in alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. Thirty male albino rats weighing 190–200 g were divided into five groups as follows: negative control, positive control and three diabetic groups treated with three concentrations of L. sativum methanol extract for four weeks. Induction of hyperglycemia in the positive control group increased blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c, immunoglobulins, liver enzyme, lipid peroxide and kidney function, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, very low-density lipoproteins and decreased antioxidants and high-density lipoproteins compared with the negative control. Furthermore, pancreas tissues showed pathological changes compared with the negative control. Treating the diabetic rats with L. sativum methanol extract decreased blood sugar and restored all biochemical and histological changes to the normal. It could be concluded that L. sativum methanol extract succeeded in controlling diabetes, increasing antioxidants and ameliorating lipid profile.