手性双哌啶酰胺的合成及在共轭加成中的应用

以N-苄基-4-哌啶酮、异丙胺为初始原料,经双Mannich反应、Wolf-Kishner还原、Pd/C脱苄基一系列反应得到3-异丙基-3,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷(9);化合物9再与4个叔丁氧羰基(Boc)保护的L-氨基酸反应生成相应酰胺,然后脱Boc保护基得到四个新的手性双哌啶α-氨基酰胺化合物12a～12d.它们与Ni(acac)2结合形成配合物,用作二乙基锌对a,β-不饱和酮的不对称1,4-加成反应的催化剂.考察了手性配体的空间结构、配体与镍源的比例及用量、反应溶剂和反应温度对反应选择性的影响.在优化的反应条件下,即:以乙腈为溶剂,12c(20%)为手性配体,7%的乙酰丙酮镍为催化剂,二乙基锌与查尔酮的物质的量比为1.5:1,二乙基锌(150%)与查尔酮1,4-共轭加成反应产物的收率为87%,对映体过量值(ee)为77%.探讨了产生不对称加成反应的原因.     

新轴手性N,N-Dioxide Biscarbolin衍生物催化酮亚胺的不对称硅氢化反应

以L-色氨酸为原料合成了5个伯酰胺结构的轴手性双咔啉N—O催化剂N2,N2'-二氧-9,9'-二甲基-3,3'-取代甲酰胺-β-双咔啉(4A~4E),并用于不对称催化酮亚胺的还原反应.结果表明,催化剂的催化转化率较高(80%~98%),立体选择性(e.e.值)较好,其中催化剂N2,N2'-二氧-9,9'-二甲基-3,3'-环己基甲酰胺-β-双咔啉(4B)的催化转化率达到了98%,e.e.值达68%.     

新颖有机催化剂的合成及催化不对称直接Aldol反应研究

以N-苄氧羰基-(S)-脯氨酸和5-(1-氨基烷基)四氮唑(烷基: 甲基、乙基、2-苯基乙基)为原料, 经两步反应合成了3个新颖的有机催化剂: (S)-5-脯氨酰胺基甲基四氮唑(3a), (S,S)-5-(1-脯氨酰胺基乙基)四氮唑(3b)和(S,S)-5-(1-脯氨酰胺 基-2-苯基乙基)四氮唑(3c), 并首次将其用于催化丙酮和含吸电子基芳香醛的不对称直接aldol反应. 在室温条件下, 催化剂3b表现出较好的催化活性, 产物的ee值最高可达96%.     

双噁唑啉接枝的氨基酸聚合物作为手性催化中心在不对称Henry反应中的应用

通过控制聚合单体L-谷氨酸-γ-乙酯和DL-半胱氨酸以及聚合过程中引发剂与单体的比例,制备了一系列溶解性能不同的氨基酸聚合物.利用其作为负载手性配体的载体,通过双噁唑啉配体上的双键和聚合物上巯基的加成反应,合成了一系列双噁唑啉接枝氨基酸聚合物.将合成的聚合物作为可回收的手性催化剂用于催化不对称Henry反应,反应选择性(e. e.值)在50%～90%之间,产率在67%～95%之间.该催化剂可以循环使用至少7次而不需要经过重新活化.     

手性双哌啶酰胺的合成

N-烷基双哌啶与Boc保护的L-氨基酸反应,再经三氟乙酸脱Boc保护合成了两个新型手性双哌啶-α-氨基酰胺——3-[(2′S,4′R)-4′-乙酰氧基-2′-吡咯烷基]甲酰基-7-正丙基-3,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷和3-[(2′s)-2′-吡咯烷基)甲酰基-7-异丙基-3,7-二氮杂双环[3.3.1]壬烷,其...     

双功能催化剂催化CO2加氢制低碳烯烃反应中In2O3的尺寸效应

CO2催化加氢转化成高附加值化学品如低碳烯烃(C2=–C4=)等是减少碳排放的有效途径之一.采用金属氧化物/分子筛双功能催化剂可以实现CO2加氢直接高选择性合成C2+碳氢化合物.通常认为,金属氧化物组分可以活化CO2转化为甲醇等含氧中间体,该中间体在分子筛孔道内进一步转化为各种烃.氧化铟(In2O3)/SAPO-34双功能催化剂由于具有出色的催化CO2加氢制低碳烯烃反应性能而备受关注,然而,仍需进一步提升催化剂的催化性能以推动该反应的工业应用.目前,氧化物的结构与双功能催化剂性能之间的关系还不明确,这不利于其催化性能的改善.现有关于金属氧化物纳米粒子的尺寸(特别是小于23 nm)效应及其对双功能催化CO2加氢反应的活性和产物分布的影响的报道较少,对此深入理解将有利于设计更高性能的催化剂.本文采用沉淀法,通过控制焙烧温度得到了一系列尺寸为7～28 nm的立方相In2O3,通过多种表征手段探究了In2O3的尺寸对其结构与表面化学性质的影响.结果表明,随着In2O3晶粒尺寸的减小,其氧空位数目、CO2、H2与NH3吸附量以及Lewis较强酸性位比例均逐渐增加.在350oC,3 Mpa,9000 mL·gcat–1·h–1和H2/CO2比为3的反应条件下,研究了In2O3/SAPO-34双功能催化剂中In2O3粒径对其催化CO2加氢制低碳烯烃反应性能的影响.结果表明,随着双功能催化剂中In2O3尺寸的增大,低碳烯烃(尤其是丙烯)选择性、收率及烯烃与烷烃比例均先升高后降低,在尺寸为19 nm的In2O3上达到最大值,分别为76.9％、12.3 mmol goxide–1 h–1和4.8.较小尺寸的In2O3虽然具有较大的比表面积和更多的氧空位,并为CO2和H2的活化提供了更多的活性位,但小于19 nm的颗粒更容易烧结;In2O3的尺寸还会影响其与SAPO-34的协同效应,进而影响双功能催化剂的催化活性.此外,相对于其它尺寸的In2O3,19 nm的In2O3更有利于甲醇中间体的生成.因而19 nm In2O3耦合SAPO-34的双功能催化剂性能最好,其催化CO2转化率最高,为14.1％.综上,适中尺寸的In2O3能够促进In2O3/SAPO-34上CO2加氢制低碳烯烃反应.这些结果为通过平衡结构稳定性和催化性能来设计更有效的催化CO2转化的复合催化剂提供了理论指导.     

L-脯氨酰胺催化剂的制备及其不对称催化性能研究

以廉价易得的脯氨酸和异斯特维醇为原料,合成了1a-b两种脯氨酰胺催化剂,并通过IR、~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、HR-MS等方法对中间产物和目标产物的结构进行了表征。通过与邻硝基苯甲酸的反应,成功将中间产物16-氨基异斯特维醇乙酯的两种非对映异构体分离。初步考察了所合成催化剂对Aldol反应的不对称催化性能,得到很高的催化活性(转化率98%)和较好的立体选择性(anti/syn:83/17,ee值81%)。     

一种N,N-二甲基乙酰胺提供亚甲基在水相中构建亚甲基双酰胺的方法

双酰胺的结构在合成仿肽类化合物中具有十分重要的作用.以酰胺为底物,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)提供亚甲基,Na2S2O8为氧化剂,NH4)2Ce(NO3)6为催化剂,在水相中反应合成亚甲基双酰胺化合物.采用1H NMR,13C NMR和LRMS对目标产物进行了表征.研究表明该方法具有环境友好,后处理操作简单和产率高等优点,为亚甲基双酰胺化合物提供了新的方法.     

脯氨酰胺衍生的新型噻吩-叔胺手性N-氧化物的合成

叔胺手性N-氧化物配体的结构多样性合成对金属不对称催化反应具有重要意义。为了拓展手性N-氧化物配体的化学空间,以光学纯的脯氨酰胺或羟脯氨酰胺(1)与各种取代的噻吩-2-甲醛(2)发生缩合环化反应,生成缩合的中间体(3),然后中间体(3)中的氮原子在氧化剂m-CPBA(间氯过氧苯甲酸)的作用下发生N-氧化反应,室温下合成了10个新型噻吩-叔胺手性N-氧化物(4a～4j),总产率41%～57%,dr值为18/1～>20/1,其结构经¹H NMR,¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。该类手性N-氧化物以L-脯氨酰胺或羟脯氨酰胺作为手性源制备,今后可以为金属不对称催化提供新配体筛选。     

手性酰亚胺衍生物的合成及其在不对称Aldol反应中的应用

由（S）-脯氨醇衍生的N-Boc-2-氨甲基吡咯烷与与邻苯二甲酸酐经缩合、脱Boc反应,合成了手性酰亚胺化合物4,研究了该类有机小分子催化剂在辅助添加剂2,4-二氯苯甲酸存在下,催化丙酮或环己酮与邻硝基苯甲醛的不对称Aldol反应,产物的产率分别为75%,82%,e.e.值分别为34%,29%。     

C2-symmetric bisprolinamide as a highly efficient catalyst for direct aldol reaction

[reaction: see text] The catalytic activity of the prolinamide-type catalysts may be improved by introducing additional prolinamide moiety into the catalyst, while the enantioselectivity can still be maintained or further improved. A C2-symmetric bisprolinamide with two prolinamide moieties has been found to be an excellent catalyst for direct aldol reaction with more than doubled reactivity and better asymmetric induction than its monoprolinamide counterpart.     

Exploration of Chiral Aminophenols and Aminonaphthols with C2-Symmetry

The exploration of C2-symmetric chiral aminophenols and aminonaphthols is described. Seven new ligands have been successfully synthesized using Mannich reaction as a key step. Four of them have C2-symmetry and their structure has been fully characterized by means of NMR and X-ray crystallography.     

Synthesis and reactivity of a C3-symmetric trinuclear zinc(II) hydroxide catalyst efficient at phosphate diester transesterification

Inspired by trinuclear Zn(ii) sites in enzymatic systems, a ligand system containing three preorganized (2-pyridyl)methyl piperazine moieties anchored onto a rigid C(3)-symmetric triphenoxymethane platform has been developed for preorganizing three zinc ions into an environment conducive to intramolecular interaction. Zinc(ii) binding by this ligand has been analyzed by means of potentiometric measurements in 50% (v/v) CH(3)CN-H(2)O solutions. Subsequently a C(3)-symmetric trinuclear Zn(ii) hydroxide complex of the C(3)-symmetric ligand was synthesized and fully characterized using NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. This complex induces a 16 900-fold rate enhancement in the catalytic cyclization of the RNA model substrate, 2-hydroxypropyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (HPNP, pH 6.7, 25 degrees C) over the uncatalyzed reaction with multiple catalyst turnovers. The observed differences in the pH-rate profile can be attributed to the varying concentration of various trinuclear zinc species. The trinuclear Zn(ii) catalyst exhibits a higher hydrolytic activity compared to its mononuclear analogue. The reactivity and structural features of this trinuclear Zn(ii) complex will be discussed.     

Structurally well-defined, recoverable C3-symmetric tris(beta-hydroxy phosphoramide)-catalyzed enantioselective borane reduction of ketones

[reaction: see text] A series of new chiral C(3)-symmetric tris(beta-hydroxy phosphoramide) ligands have been synthesized via the reaction of trisphosphoramide ester and Grignard reagents. The catalytic asymmetric borane reduction of ketones with these new C(3)-symmetric chiral tris(beta-hydroxy phosphoramide)s was investigated. Structurally well-defined, recoverable ligand 1d is an efficient catalyst for the enantioselective borane reduction of both electron-deficient and electron-rich ketones, and high enantioselectivities were achieved (up to 98% ee).     

One-step stereoselective synthesis and NMR chiral shift properties of a novel hexacoordinated phosphorus cation

[reaction: see text] Tropolone, binol, and PCl(5) react in CH(2)Cl(2) at reflux to generate in one step a novel C(2)-symmetric hexacoordinated phosphorus cation of configuration controlled by the binol ligand. It behaves as an efficient NMR chiral shift agent for chiral anionic phosphate and borate anions.     

Supramolecular double helical Cu(I) complexes for asymmetric cyclopropanation

Chiral double-stranded helicates, formed between Cu(I) ion and C(2)-symmetric oligopyridines, were used for catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes; low catalyst loadings (0.2 mol%), high TONs (up to 404) and short reaction times (30-60 min) were achieved with [Cu(2)L(2)]OTf(2)(L = chiral C(2)-symmetric terpyridine).     

克唑替尼关键中间体(S)-1-(2,6-二氯-3-氟苯基)乙醇的不对称合成

(S)-1-(2,6-二氯-3-氟苯基)乙醇（2）是合成抗癌药物克唑替尼的关键手性前体。本文以1-(2,6-二氯-3-氟苯基)乙酮为起始原料,利用二异松莰基氯化硼［(-)-Ipc₂BCl］不对称还原制得光学纯的2;并将中间体2经Mitsunobu反应、还原、溴代、 Suzuki偶联及脱除Boc保护合成克唑替尼,其结构¹H NMR,¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)确证。对关键中间体2的合成条件进行了优化,并其对反应机理进行了推测。     

Synthesis and columnar mesophase of fluorescent liquid crystals bearing a C2-symmetric chiral core

A chiral and fluorescent columnar mesogen prepared from chiral binaphthols is reported. This liquid crystal comprises a C2-symmetric chiral core with two staggered aromatic planes. Its hexagonal columnar (Col(h)) mesophase was characterized by appropriate physical methods.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of 3-Hydroxyprolines by Photocyclization of N-(2-Benzoylethyl)glycinamides

The chiral N-(2-benzoylethyl)-N-tosylglycinamides 1a-c were prepared from the C₂-symmetric pyrrolidines 5a-c . Irradiation of these ketones 1a-c gave cis-3-hydroxyprolinamides 10-12 in moderate to good yields (Scheme 3). The de of the photocyclizations depended on the size of the substituents in positions C(2) and C(5) of the chiral pyrrolidine auxiliaries. In addition, the de varied with the reaction temperature, allowing the determination of activation-parameter differences. The structure of products 10-12 were established by NMR and X-ray analyses.     

Direct generation of acyclic polypropionate stereopolyads via double diastereo- and enantioselective iridium-catalyzed crotylation of 1,3-diols: beyond stepwise carbonyl addition in polyketide construction

Under the conditions of transfer hydrogenation employing the cyclometalated iridium catalyst (R)-I derived from [Ir(cod)Cl](2), allyl acetate, 4-cyano-3-nitrobenzoic acid, and the chiral phosphine ligand (R)-SEGPHOS, α-methylallyl acetate engages 1,3-propanediol (1a) and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (1b) in double carbonyl crotylation from the alcohol oxidation level to deliver the C(2)-symmetric and pseudo-C(2)-symmetric stereopolyads 2a and 3a, respectively, with exceptional control of anti-diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivity. Notably, the polypropionate stereopentad 3a is formed predominantly as 1 of 16 possible stereoisomers. Desymmetrization of 3a is readily achieved upon iodoetherification to form pyran 4. The direct generation of 3a enables a dramatically simplified approach to previously prepared polypropionate substructures, as demonstrated by the synthesis of C19-C27 of rifamycin S (eight steps, originally prepared in 26 steps) and C19-C25 of scytophycin C (eight steps, originally prepared in 15 steps). The present transfer hydrogenation protocol represents an alternative to chiral auxiliaries, chiral reagents, and premetalated nucleophiles in polyketide construction.