温控近红外光谱用于葡萄糖的高灵敏检测

温控近红外光谱在混合体系定量分析以及分子间相互作用分析中已得到应用.本工作利用互因子分析方法（MFA）探索了温控近红外光谱技术测定血清样品中低浓度葡萄糖含量的可行性.测量了不同温度下葡萄糖含量分别为1.0～15.0mmol/L和0.0～1.0 mmol/L的两组血清溶液的近红外光谱,并利用MFA进行了定量计算.结果表明,利用该方法可以实现样品中微量葡萄糖的准确定量,MFA提取的标准信号（SS）的相对强度和葡萄糖浓度之间的线性相关系数R分别为0.9923和0.9895,预测均方根误差（RMSEP）分别为0.35和0.07 mmol/L.     

偶氮胂I分光光度法测定血清镁

为建立一种快速、灵敏、稳定性好的分光光度法测定血清镁,在表面活性剂TritonX-100存在下,用国产试剂偶氮胂I作显色剂,EGTA掩蔽钙,在三乙醇胺-盐酸缓冲体系中以分光光度法测定血清镁。结果表明,该法显色络合物最大吸收波长为580 nm,线性范围达3.29 mmol/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.71×104L.mol-1.cm-1。回收率为97.8%~102.4%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为2.9%与3.4%,与MTB法(x)比较具有良好的相关性,y=1.03x-0.036,r=0.994 7,P>0.05,51例健康人血清镁含量(-x±2s)为0.73~1.27 mmol/L。应用该法进行血清镁测定具有灵敏度高、准确性好、试剂空白值低、操作快速简便等优点,适于血清镁的常规手工分析和自动分析。     

血清胆红素的近红外光谱无创检测

血清胆红素的无创检测在疾病的预防、早期诊断与后期治疗等阶段都具有极其重要的作用.本研究提出了一种基于近红外光谱技术的无创血清胆红素新方法.通过采集舌尖的近红外反射光谱并运用偏最小二乘法对采集到的光谱数据进行建模,从而实现对血清胆红素的快速无创检测.将采集到的全部57例样本按照4∶1的比例分训练集和预测集,分别建立总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)和间接胆红素(IBIL)的偏最小二乘回归模型.3个模型的相关系数分别为0.9922,0.9947和0.9486,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为6.13,4.61和4.05 μmol/L.结果表明:舌尖近红外反射光谱结合偏最小二乘法可用于血清胆红素含量的无创检测,并且为其它血液成分的无创检测开辟了新路径.     

在线推扫富集-胶束电动毛细管色谱检测旋覆花素中和大鼠血浆中的旋覆花内酯

采用熔融石英毛细管,以含有50 mmol/L 十二烷基硫酸钠的50 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲液为电极缓冲液,以10 mmol/L硼酸盐缓冲液为上样缓冲液,经过对分离条件的优化,成功地建立了胶束电动毛细管色谱结合在线sweeping(推扫)富集技术检测中性脂溶性物质旋覆花内酯(acetylbritannilactone,ABL)的实验方法。所建方法的批内、批间测定值的相对标准偏差均小于5%,灵敏度为0.005 g/L,回收率大于92%;被检测样品的含量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9975。用所建立的方法检测了旋覆花素中ABL的含量及其在体内的动态变化,结果表明胶束电动毛细管色谱结合在线sweeping样品富集技术可显著提高检测的灵敏度。该方法具有操作简单、进样量小(nL级)、检测速度快等特点,弥补了毛细管电泳在测定痕量组分方面的不足。     

偶氮胂Ⅰ分光光度法测定血清镁

为建立一种快速、灵敏、稳定性好的分光光度法测定血清镁,在表面活性剂TritonX-100存在下,用国产试剂偶氮胂I作显色剂,EGTA掩蔽钙,在三乙醇胺-盐酸缓冲体系中以分光光度法测定血清镁.结果表明,该法显色络合物最大吸收波长为580 nm,线性范围达3.29 mmol/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.71×104 L·mol-1·cm-1.回收率为97.8%～102.4%,批内变异系数(CV)和批间变异系数分别为2.9%与3.4%,与MTB法(x)比较具有良好的相关性,y＝1.03x-0.036,r=0.994 7,P>0.05,51例健康人血清镁含量(±2s)为0.73～1.27 mmol/L.应用该法进行血清镁测定具有灵敏度高、准确性好、试剂空白值低、操作快速简便等优点,适于血清镁的常规手工分析和自动分析.     

含氧酸根及4-硝基苯酚在氧化钨/聚苯胺修饰电极上的电催化还原

采用循环伏安(CV)、方波脉冲伏安(SWV)和计时电流(CA)技术研究了含氧酸根离子 , , 和4-硝基苯酚(4-NP)在WO₃/PANI修饰电极上的电催化还原. 实验结果表明, WO₃/PANI对 , , 以及4-NP电化学还原都具有良好的催化活性. 恒电位时, WO₃/PANI对相应底物有快速的电流响应, 在40 mmol/L～1.2 mmol/L ( ), 0.12～20 mmol/L ( ), 40 mmol/L～2.50 mmol/L ( ), 50～400 mmol/L (4-NP)浓度范围内, 响应电流与底物浓度呈线性关系, 检测灵敏度及检测限(S/N＝3)分别为0.202 mA/(mmol/L), 4.8 mmol/L ( )|0.035 mA/(mmol/L), 23 mmol/L ( )|0.120 mA/(mmol/L), 5.9 mmol/L ( )|0.443 mA/(mmol/L), 8.8 mmol/L (4-NP).     

毛细管电泳/非接触式电导法分离检测氧氟沙星对映体

采用毛细管电泳-电容耦合非接触式电导(CE-C4D),以20 mmol/L HAc + 6 mmol/L NaAc+12 mg/L羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)+35 mmol/L羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)为电泳运行液,在熔融石英毛细管柱(45 cm×50 μm i.d.,有效长度 40 cm)中,正高压分离,手性药物氧氟沙星对映体获得良好的基线分离,线性检测范围为0.8～40 mg/L,检出限为0.3 mg/L.考察了电泳运行液组成、二元手性选择剂(HP-β-CD和HPMC)的浓度、进样方式和样品基质等对灵敏度和分离度的影响.本方法应用于市售外消旋和左旋氧氟沙星片剂中对映体的分离测定.     

二氧化铈纳米微粒过氧化物酶活性及其在葡萄糖检测中的应用

合成了一种稳定和水溶性的聚丙烯酸修饰CeO2 NPs,利用动态光散射(DLS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)进行表征.结果表明,CeO2 NPs能够催化H2O2氧化3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯胺(TMB)发生显色反应,表现出过氧化物模拟酶催化活性.利用Raman和顺磁共振(EPR)光谱技术研究了其催化机理.基于CeO2 NPs催化TMB变色反应对H2O2浓度的依赖性和葡萄糖氧化酶能够催化溶解氧氧化葡萄糖产生H2O2的原理,构建了一种简单、灵敏、选择性高的测定血清中葡萄糖的检测方法.在优化条件下,测定葡萄糖的线性范围为0.5~10 mmol/L,检出限(3σ)为0.1 mmol/L.对1.0 mmol/L葡萄糖进行11次平行测定,其相对标准偏差为2.4%.该方法已成功用于血清样品中葡萄糖的测定.     

尿素酶固载于纳米二氧化钛多孔膜上的尿素生物传感器

在钛丝基体上沉积一层纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)多孔膜,然后直接将尿素酶吸附在TiO2膜上。基于TiO2膜的pH响应,发展了一种廉价的、易于微型化的pH敏尿素酶传感器。采用石英微天平、红外光谱和紫外可见光谱等手段研究尿素酶在TiO2膜上的物理固载行为。由于纳米TiO2在紫外光下光自洁特性可获得高度洁净的表面,石英微天平研究表明在光自洁后的TiO2膜上尿素酶的吸附具有很好的重复性和稳定性,吸附量为0.22mmol/g,吸附平衡常数k为3.15×105L/mol。采用电位法测定了尿素酶/TiO2复合膜电极的性能及其影响因素,在1.0 mmol/L pH 7~8 PBS,35℃,尿素的响应范围为8.5×10-5~1.5×10-1mol/L,相关系数r为0.993 7,检出限为6×10-5mol/L。     

微流控芯片测定盐酸地芬尼多片中盐酸地芬尼多

利用微流控芯片非接触电导检测法测定片剂中盐酸地芬尼多的含量.采用1 mmol/L HAc+2 mmol/L NaAc(pH 4.5)为缓冲溶液,0.2 mmol/L 十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为添加剂,在分离电压为2.20 kV,进样时间为10 s下,1 min内实现组分快速分离和检测.盐酸地芬尼多线性范围为5～160 ...     

Determination of triglycerides in human serum by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy using silver mirror as a substrate

Quantitative determination of serum triglycerides was achieved in diffuse reflectance mode using silver mirror as the substrate to enhance the spectral features.     

Experimental and Chemometric Optimization to Enhance the Performance of Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Approaches for improving the performance of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS) have been extensively studied. The silver mirror was found to be a substrate to enhance the detection ability of this technique. For further optimization of the method, experimental and chemometric efforts were made in this study. Lysozyme samples of different concentrations were spotted on the silver mirror for measuring the spectra. Low-resolution spectra with repeated measurements were used for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio, and the chemometric methods of variable selection and nonlinear modeling were used to make the quantitative model more effective and accurate. The results show that the quality of the spectra was improved and a satisfactory quantitative model was obtained after optimization. The maximum deviation for the prediction samples is only 2.98?µg, which is much lower than the reported values in previous papers. Significant advances were obtained for NIRDRS for trace analysis.     

Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy with sample spots and chemometrics for fast determination of bovine serum albumin in micro-volume samples

Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS) has attracted more and more attention in analyzing the components in samples with complex matrices.However,to apply this technique to micro-analysis,there are still some obstacles to overcome such as the low sensitivity and spectral overlapping associated with this approach.A method for fast determination of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in micro-volume samples was studied using NIRDRS with sample spots and chemometric techniques.10μL of sample spotted on a filter paper substrate was used for the spectral measurements. Quantitative analysis was obtained by partial least squares(PLS) regression with signal processing and variable selection.The results show that the correlation coefficient(R) between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9897 and the recoveries are in the range of 87.4%-114.4%for the validation samples in the concentration range of 0.61-8.10 mg/mL.These results suggest that the method has the potential to quickly measure proteins in micro-volume solutions.     

巯基微球富集用于近红外光谱同时定量分析微量汞(Ⅱ)和银(Ⅰ)离子

针对近红外光谱技术的检出限高和金属离子在近红外区无信号响应的问题, 合成了巯基聚倍半硅氧烷微球(PMPSQ), 用以高效富集水溶液中的微量汞(Ⅱ)和银(Ⅰ)离子. 通过金属离子与巯基官能团螯合从而获得相应的近红外信号响应, 采集吸附了金属离子的PMPSQ的近红外漫反射光谱, 采用偏最小二乘法建立了定量校正模型. 结果表明, 采用巯基微球富集结合近红外光谱技术可以同时测定水中浓度分别为0.16~1.80 mg/L的汞(Ⅱ)离子和0.15~1.70 mg/L的银(Ⅰ)离子.     

A strategy for enhancing the quantitative determination ability of the diffuse reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy

Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS) has been proved to be a convenient and fast quantitative method for complex samples. The high detection limit or the low sensitivity of the method, however, is a big problem obstructing its application in the analysis of low concentration samples. A strategy for quantitative determination of low concentration samples was developed by using NIRDRS. The method takes an adsorbent as a substrate for gathering the analytes from a solution, and uses the multivariate calibration technique for quantitative calculation. So, the detection limit can be improved and the interferences can be eliminated when complex samples are analyzed. Taking benzoic and sorbic acids as the analyzing targets and the alumina as the adsorbent, partial least squares (PLS) model is built from the NIRDRS of the adsorbates. The results show that the concentrations that can be quantitatively detected are as low as 0.011 and 0.013 mg mL(-1) for benzoic and sorbic acids, respectively, and the co-adsorbates do not interfere each other.     

Titanium dioxide as an adsorbent to enhance the detection ability of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA) was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2) as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS). The selective enrichment of fsDNA was proved by comparing the adsorption efficiency of bovine serum albumin, tyrosine and tryptophan, and the low adsorption background of TiO2 was illustrated by comparing the spectra of four commonly-used inorganic adsorbents(alkaline aluminium oxide, neutral aluminium oxide, nano-hydroxyapatite and silica). The spectral feature of fsDNA can be clearly observed in the spectrum of the sample. Partial least squares(PLS) model was built for quantitative determination of fsDNA using 28 solutions, and 13 solutions with interferences were used for validation of the model. The results showed that the correlation coefficient(R) between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9727 and the recoveries of the validation samples are in the range of98.2%–100.7%     

Determination of Cysteine Using Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy with Enrichment via Thiol-maleimide Click Reaction

Enrichment technique has been proved to be an efficient way to make the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS) suitable for micro analysis. However, low selectivity presented by conventional enrichment methods makes the quantitative analysis easy to be affected by the coexisting components. In this study, a specific enrichment method with chemical bonding via thiol-maleimide click reaction was used to achieve the reduction of the interferences. Taking cysteine as the analyzing target, maleimide-functionalized SiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared for the enrichment of cysteine. Then determination of cysteine in aqueous solution and human serum was studied using the partial least squares model built from the NIRDRS spectra of the adsorbate. The results show that the concentration that can be quantitatively detected is as low as 2.0 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient(R) between the reference and predicted concentration is 0.9871 for the validation samples. The recoveries are in the range of 89.5%-113.8% for human serum samples in the concentration range of 0-16.2 μg/mL.     

Simultaneous determination of mercury, lead and cadmium ions in water using near-infrared spectroscopy with preconcentration by thiol-functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate clay

Analysis of metal ions in environment is of great importance for evaluating the risk of heavy metal to public health and ecological safety. A method for simultaneous determination of metal ions in water samples was developed by using adsorption preconcentration and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS). A high capacity adsorbent of thiol-functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate, named Mg-MTMS, was prepared by co-condensation for preconcentration of Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in aqueous solutions. After adsorbing the analytes onto the adsorbent, NIRDRS was measured and PLS models were established for fast and simultaneous quantitative prediction. Because the interaction of the ions with the functional group of the adsorbent can be reflected in the spectra, the models built with the samples prepared by river water were proven to be efficient enough for precise prediction. The determination coefficients (R²) of the validation samples for the three ions were found as high as 0.9197, 0.9599 and 0.9861, respectively. Furthermore, because the high adsorption efficiency of Mg-MTMS, the detected concentrations are as low as milligrams per liter for the three ions, and the concentration can be further reduced. Therefore, the feasibility of quantitative analysis metal ions in river water by NIRDRS is proven and this may provide a new way for fast simultaneous determination of trace metals in environmental waters.     

An approach by using near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and resin adsorption for the determination of copper, cobalt and nickel ions in dilute solution

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been proved to be a powerful analytical tool and used in various fields, it is seldom, however, used in the analysis of metal ions in solutions. A method for quantitative determination of metal ions in solution is developed by using resin adsorption and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (NIRDRS). The method makes use of the resin adsorption for gathering the analytes from a dilute solution, and then NIRDRS of the adsorbate is measured. Because both the information of the metal ions and their interaction with the functional group of resin can be reflected in the spectrum, quantitative determination is achieved by using multivariate calibration technique. Taking copper (Cu²⁺), cobalt (Co²⁺) and nickel (Ni²⁺) as the analyzing targets and D401 resin as the adsorbent, partial least squares (PLS) model is built from the NIRDRS of the adsorbates. The results show that the concentrations that can be quantitatively detected are as low as 1.00, 1.98 and 1.00 mg L⁻¹ for Cu²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺, respectively, and the coexistent ions do not influence the determination.     

Formation of the dimer radical cation of aromatic sulfide on the TiO2 surface during photocatalytic reactions

The formation of the dimer radical cation (D*+) of 4-(methylthio) benzoic acid on a TiO2 surface is demonstrated using the time-resolved diffuse reflectance technique. The observed time-resolved diffuse reflectance spectral shape significantly depends on the substrate concentrations. The substrate concentration dependences of the initial transient signal intensity (%abs.(t=0)) and the amount of adsorbates (n(ad)) clearly suggest that the formation of D*+ is attributableto the high local substrate concentration on the TiO2 surface. The electronic influence of substituents on the formation of D*+ is also discussed.