荧光核酸适配体功能化氧化石墨烯生物传感器用于快速检测氯霉素

开发了一种无标记和快速的检测方法基于氧化石墨烯（GO）和荧光功能性G-四聚体探针（FGP），可用于定量检测氯霉素（CAP）.FGP由氯霉素核酸适配体和富含G碱基的核酸序列组成.核酸适配体用于结合CAP，并且由富含G碱基的核酸序列在K⁺，Na⁺离子的作用下形成的G-四聚体，然后与硫磺素T（ThT）结合后用作信号分子.在没有CAP的情况下，FGP通过π-π堆积相互作用被吸附到GO的表面上，阻碍了G-四聚体的形成导致溶液中的荧光强度低.在加入CAP时，FGP的核酸适配体部分可识别并结合CAP以形成复合物，导致其从GO解吸.因此，游离的富含G的碱基序列可以形成G-四聚体结构并与ThT结合，导致溶液的荧光强度增加.我们观察到荧光强度增加与CAP浓度在2~20 nmol/L范围内呈线性关系，检测限为1.45 nmol/L.此外，该检测系统用于检测加标牛奶中的CAP，回收率在93.2%~103.3%之间.这些结果表明，开发的方法可用于有效检测实际样品中的CAP.     

基于核酸适配体-质粒DNA复合物信号放大的荧光免疫传感技术

提出了一种简便、高灵敏的荧光免疫传感新技术,通过抗体/抗原/核酸适配体-质粒DNA复合物的特异性识别与双链质粒DNA与荧光染料SYBR Green Ⅰ的嵌合作用, 实现对血小板衍生增长因子BB(PDGF-BB)的检测.生物识别反应在微孔板中进行,PDGF-BB抗原与微孔板底部预包被的PDGF-BB抗体免疫反应后,加入核酸适配体-质粒DNA复合物与抗原形成夹心复合物.加入DNA双链嵌合染料SYBR Green Ⅰ与夹心复合物的双链DNA部分结合可产生强荧光,其荧光强度可用于定量测定PDGF-BB浓度.实验考察了离子浓度、核酸适配体的延伸引物片段与质粒PUC19的反应比例、染料SYBR Green Ⅰ浓度等分析条件对荧光信号的影响.在优化反应条件下,PDGF-BB检测的线性范围为0.2～200 μg/L,检出限为0.1 μg/L,并且实现了对人血清中PDGF-BB的定量检测.     

细菌的核酸适配体筛选的研究进展

核酸适配体(aptamer)是通过指数富集配体系统进化技术(SELEX)筛选的能够以高亲和力和高特异性识别靶标分子或细胞的核糖核酸(RNA)和单链脱氧核糖核酸(ssDNA)。作为化学抗体,核酸适配体的制备和合成比抗体的成本更低。核酸适配体的靶标范围极其广泛,包括小分子、生物大分子、细菌和细胞等。针对细菌靶标筛选的适配体,目前主要应用于食品、医药和环境中的细菌检测。细菌的核酸适配体筛选可以通过离心法将菌体-适配体复合物与游离的适配体分离,并通过荧光成像、荧光光谱分析、流式细胞仪分选、DNA捕获元件、酶联适配体分析等方法表征适配体与靶标的相互作用。筛选出的适配体可结合生物、化学检测方法用于细菌检测。本文介绍了细菌适配体的筛选和表征方法以及基于适配体的检测方法的最新进展,分析了不同检测方法的利弊,并列出了2011~2015年筛选的细菌的核酸适配体。     

基于核酸适配体和金纳米颗粒的荧光比色双模式检测As(Ⅲ)

基于金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)对荧光基团的荧光共振能量转移和其自身独特的光学效应,结合高亲和力和高特异性的核酸适配体,建立了一种荧光和比色双模式检测As(Ⅲ)的方法.将荧光基团修饰的As(Ⅲ)特异的核酸适配体(FAM-Apt)吸附在未修饰的AuNPs表面,FAM-Apt与AuNPs之间发生荧光共振能量转移,导致荧光猝灭....     

胃腺癌核酸适配体的筛选与特异性研究

核酸适配体可作为分子探针应用于胃腺癌的早期诊断和治疗,具有广泛应用前景。本实验利用Serum-SELEX（Ser-SELEX）技术筛选胃腺癌核酸适配体。通过对候选适配体二级结构分析,其二级结构多为茎环结构。圆二色谱分析显示,7条候选核酸适配体呈右手螺旋特征。通过荧光定量核酸扩增检测系统（q-PCR）检测了候选核酸适配体对胃腺癌靶标的亲和力,表明候选核酸适配体浓度梯度与Ct值均呈正相关,亲和力常数为纳摩尔级别。利用q-PCR法、量子点法验证了候选核酸适配体识别靶标的特异性,结果均显示Apt-101对靶标亲和力更高,特异性更强,Apt-101的平衡解离常数（K_d值）为6.444±1.128nmol/L,特异性检测阳性率大于70%。     

基于核酸适配体的荧光法检测中药中赭曲霉素A

赭曲霉素A(OTA)是污染中药材的重要真菌毒素,严重影响中药材质量和用药安全.在小檗碱溶液中加入OTA和其核酸适配体后,处于随意卷曲状态的核酸适配体会被OTA诱导折叠成为G-四链体构象,使小檗碱的微环境发生改变,从而增强其荧光信号.基于此,本文以OTA核酸适配体为识别原件,小檗碱为荧光探针发展了一种无标记的荧光体系检测OTA.对主要影响因素,包括K+,Mg2,小檗碱和核酸适配体浓度进行了优化.在最佳实验条件下,小檗碱荧光信号变化值与OTA浓度在5～200 nmol/L范围内成正比,检出限5 nmol/L.该方法仅使用无标记的核酸适配体完成了OTA的检测,避免了对核酸适配体的繁琐设计和标记.方法 有较高的特异性,并成功应用于中药桔梗中OTA的检测,回收率在86.3％～105.6％之间.     

核酸适配体识别-荧光法检测赭曲霉素A

建立了核酸适配体识别-荧光探针技术检测赭曲霉素A(OTA)的新方法.基于微孔板上固定的核酸适配子与目标物质OTA结合时构象发生变化,导致预先与其互补杂交的FAM标记短链DNA解离,引起荧光信号发生变化,据此可实现对OTA的定量检测.当微孔板包被亲和素浓度为25 mg/L、适配子浓度为50 nmol/L,FAM标记互补短...     

核酸适配子探针对转移性大肠癌细胞的多靶点成像及其靶标的定量分析

利用核酸适配子对肿瘤细胞的高亲和力靶向识别功能以及量子点的高荧光发射强度和光稳定性等特性,制备了识别不同靶点的核酸适配子探针,将其联合使用实现了对肿瘤细胞的多靶点成像及其靶标的定量分析.使用通过Cell-SELEX技术筛选得到的可特异性识别转移性大肠癌细胞系Lo Vo的7个核酸适配子,分别与量子点QD605偶联制备分子探针.基于流式细胞术的竞争实验结果表明,7个探针可特异性识别靶细胞的不同靶点,相互之间无识别干扰.对靶细胞的荧光成像表明,与单一探针相比,多个探针联合使用可明显提高细胞表面的荧光信号强度,且阳性细胞检出率明显增多,显示出更高的检测灵敏度.使用流式细胞术及荧光成像定量方法分析了7个探针对不同转移特性大肠癌细胞系的识别能力,结果表明,多个探针联合使用可有效评价大肠癌细胞的转移潜能.本研究证实通过多个核酸适配子探针的联合使用可有效提高对靶细胞识别的灵敏度和准确性,为核酸适配子的广泛应用及大肠癌的靶向诊断提供了新的思路和手段.     

基于碳纳米颗粒的荧光适配体传感器用于腺苷脱氨酶的检测

设计了一段羧基荧光素(FAM)标记的适配体,该适配体能与腺苷进行高亲和力和强特异性的结合,而不与肌苷发生作用。腺苷脱氨酶可以与腺苷发生脱氨反应,生成肌苷。基于上述原理,构建了碳纳米颗粒-适配体-腺苷荧光适配体传感器用于腺苷脱氨酶的检测。当体系中没有腺苷脱氨酶时,FAM标记的适配体与腺苷紧密结合,而不能被碳纳米颗粒吸附,体系荧光较强;当体系中存在腺苷脱氨酶时,腺苷变成肌苷,肌苷不与适配体结合,此时FAM标记的适配体被碳纳米颗粒吸附,FAM荧光淬灭,体系具有较低的荧光强度。该方法简单、灵敏,线性范围为0.25～3.125 U/mL,检出限为0.18 U/mL。与其它蛋白分子相比,方法对腺苷脱氨酶的检测具有高特异性。构建的传感器简单,再生性好,可用于标准加入法检测小鼠血清中的腺苷脱氨酶。     

基于核酸适配体的荧光法检测水胺硫磷和丙溴磷

建立了基于适配体的农药水胺硫磷和丙溴磷的荧光检测方法.采用可特异性识别水胺硫磷和丙溴磷、且5 '端标记荧光基团FAM的核酸适配体(F-ssDNA),与3 '末端标记猝灭基团DABCYL的短链序列(Q-ssDNA)互补杂交形成双链结构,荧光基团的荧光被淬灭,荧光信号很弱;此时加入靶分子,特异性结合核酸适配体,引起互补短链序列从双链结构中解离,使适配体荧光信号增强,基于此可实现水胺硫磷、丙溴磷的定量检测.优化后的检测条件为:将终浓度为25 nmol/L F-ssDNA与50 nmol/L Q-ssDNA在25℃孵育20 min,使二者杂交形成双链适配体探针复合物,加入等体积的农药样品孵育60 min,然后检测体系的荧光信号变化值△I.在最佳条件下,△I与水胺硫磷和丙溴磷的浓度均在50～ 500 μmol/L范围内呈线性关系.水胺硫磷的检出限(LOD,3σ)为11.4 μmol/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.8％(n=10);丙溴磷的检出限为14.0 μmol/L,RSD为4.9％(n=l0).用于实际水样中两种农药的检测,加标回收率为85.8％ ～95.3％.     

Detection of TNT based on conjugated polymer encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles through FRET

Amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles containing poly(p-phenylenevinylene) provide a facile strategy to detect TNT through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The observed linear fluorescence intensity change allows the quantitative detection of TNT with the detection limit of 6 × 10(-7) M.     

Fluorescent Dye Incorporated Magnetic/Silica and Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles Based Myoglobin Detection from Whole Blood Samples

The anti myoglobin conjugated iron oxide/ru(bpy)₃²⁺/silica, anti myoglobin conjugated rhodamine 6G/silica particles were prepared, and used for myoglobin detections. The anti myoglobin conjugated iron oxide/ru(bpy)₃²⁺/silica particles were mixed with myoglobin in the micro centrifuge tube. After 10 min, the magnetic separators were introduced to catch the myoglobin‐captured anti myoglobin/iron oxide/ru(bpy)₃²⁺/silica particles from the homogenous solutions. For sandwich assays, the anti myoglobin conjugated rhodamine 6G/silica particles were incubated. The concentration of myoglobin was quantified based on anti myoglobin conjugated rhodamine 6G/silica particles. The calibration curve of the myoglobin showed the linear range to be between 1 × 10^?12 and 1 × 10^?10 (M) (R² = 0.9944). The minimum detectable concentration was 17.6 pg/mL. The fluorescence method offered the best way to determine myoglobin with a total analysis time of less than 30 min.     

Fluorescent Mesoporous Nanoparticles for β-Lactamase Screening Assays

We present a sensitive and rapid screening method for the determination of β-lactamase activity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, by designing a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticle encapsulated with penicillin G as a substrate. When penicillin G was hydrolysed by β-lactamase and converted into penicilloic acid, the acidic environment resulted in fluorescence quenching of the dye. The dye-doped mesoporous nanoparticles not only enhanced the β-lactamase-catalyzed reaction rate but also stablized the substrate, penicillin G, which degrades into penicilloic acid in a water solution without β-lactamase. Twentyfive clinical bacterial samples were tested and the antibiotic resistant and susceptible strains were identified. The proposed method may detect the presence of β -lactamases of clinically relevant samples in less than 1 hour. Moreover, the detection limit of β-lactamase activity was as low as 7.8×10⁻⁴ U/mL, which was determined within two hours.     

Aptamer-capped nanocrystal quantum dots: a new method for label-free protein detection

We demonstrate that aptamer-capped near-infrared PbS quantum dots (QDs) can detect a target protein based on selective charge transfer. The water-soluble QDs are synthesized with the thrombin-binding aptamer, which retains the secondary quadruplex structure necessary for binding to thrombin. These QDs have diameters of 3-6 nm and fluoresce around 1050 nm. When the aptamer-functionalized QD binds to its target, a fluorescence quenching occurs due to charge transfer from amine groups on the protein to the QD. Thrombin is detected within 1 min with a detection limit of approximately 1 nM. This selective detection is observed even in the presence of high background concentrations of interfering negatively or positively charged proteins, suggesting that aptamer-capped QDs could be useful for label-free protein assays.     

Aminopyrene functionalized mesoporous silica for the selective determination of resorcinol

Aminopyrene was convalently anchored onto the surface of mesoporous MCM-41 silica by post-grafting. This organic-inorganic hybrid has been applied as sensing material to phenols determination. Experimental results reveal that the functionalized material presents good sensitivity and selectivity towards resorcinol and can be used for resorcinol determination in water at pH 6.0. The fluorescence intensity of aminopyrene functionalized mesoporous silica decreases proportionally to the logarithm of resorcinol concentration in water. The linear range for resorcinol detection lies in 4.79-163 μM with a detection limit of 2.86 μM (S/N = 3).     

Functionalization of mesoporous silica membrane with a Schiff base fluorophore for Cu(II) ion sensing

A Schiff base (SB) immobilized hybrid mesoporous silica membrane (SB-HMM) was prepared by immobilizing a Schiff base onto the pore surface of mesoporous silica (pore size=3.1 nm) embedded in the pores of a porous anodic alumina membrane. In contrast to the non-fluorescent analogous SB molecule in homogeneous solutions, SB-HMM exhibited intense fluorescence due to emission enhancement caused by aggregation of SB groups on the pore surface. The high quantum efficiency of the surface SB groups allows SB-HMM to function as a fluorescent sensor for Cu(II) ions in an aqueous solution with good sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility. Under the optimal conditions described, the linear ranges of fluorescence intensity for Cu(II) are 1.2-13.8(M (R(2)=0.993) and 19.4-60 (R(2)=0.992) (M. The limit of detection for Cu(II) is 0.8 μM on basis of the definition by IUPAC (C(LOD)=3.3S(b)/m).     

吖啶橙-罗丹明6G荧光共振能量转移及其罗丹明6G荧光猝灭法测定蛋白质

研究了吖啶橙(AO)与罗丹明6G(R6G)之间能量转移的最佳条件。在pH=7．20的Tirs-HCl缓冲溶液,十二烷基苯磺酸钠介质中,AO-R6G能够发生有效能量转移,使R6G荧光增强。蛋白质的加入使R6G荧光猝灭,以此建立了利用AO-R6G荧光共振能量转移间接测定蛋白质的新方法。牛血清白蛋白、人血清白蛋白工作曲线线性范围分别为1．0～31和1．0—30mg／L;检出限分别为0．32和0．33mg／L;平行6次测定相对标准偏差为1．1％～2．0％;回收率为96．7％～103．2％。此方法的稳定性好,选择性高,用于人血清试样中总蛋白含量的测定,与常用的双缩脲法基本一致。     

Anchoring of 1,8-naphthalimide derivative into mesoporous MCM-41 molecular sieves

The fluorescent dye molecules, 4-piperidine-1,8-naphthalimide, were successfully fixed into the amino modified pore channel of mesoporous MCM-41 type materials by in situ reaction of 4-piperidinyl-1,8-naphthalic anhydride with the amino group. The formation of amide bonds on the pore surface was verified by infrared spectra. The maximum fluorescence emission peak of this hybrid material has a red shift of 13 nm compared to that of a naphthalimide derivative in ethanol solution. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of dye molecules grafted into Ce-doped MCM-41 is higher than that in pure silica MCM-41. This phenomenon is attributed to the inhibited internal electron transfer from piperidine to naphthalimide groups by Ce⁴⁺, thus improving the fluorescence intensity of the naphthalimide group. The unique fluorescence behavior of the 1,8-naphthalimide derivative doped hybrid mesoporous material makes it a good candidate for the metal ions microdetection.     

水溶性CdTe量子点的合成及其用于荧光猝灭法测定肌红蛋白

以3-巯基丙酸为稳定剂,合成了具有特殊光学性质的水溶性CdTe量子点,其最大发射波长位于544 nm.利用荧光光谱、紫外可见光谱及圆二色光谱法系统的研究了CdTe量子点与肌红蛋白(Mb)二者结合前后体系光谱的变化,从而证实了CdTe量子点与Mb之间静电结合反应的特征.在pH 7.0的PBS缓冲液中,用CdTe量子点作为荧光探针研究了肌红蛋白与量子点的相互作用,并基于肌红蛋白对CdTe量子点有显著的荧光猝灭作用,建立了肌红蛋白的快速检测方法.在最佳实验条件下,该体系荧光强度的猝灭程度(△F)与肌红蛋白质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性范围为0.3～24 μg/mL,检出限为0.13 μg/mL.该方法已对合成样品中肌红蛋白进行检测,并用于人体尿样中肌红蛋白的测定.     

Fl-DFO molecules@mesoporous silica materials: highly sensitive and selective nanosensor for dosing with iron ions

Highly sensitive and selective nanosensor for labile iron pool (LIP) determination, has been designed and prepared by immobilization of Fluoresceine-Desferrioxamine (Fl-DFO), a bifunctional fluoro-siderophore probe molecule with great affinity for iron ions (pKf=30.7), into highly ordered mesoporous silica structure. Different immobilization methods of Fl-DFO molecules, such as their encapsulation in surfactant micelles used as templating agents for the synthesis of mesoporous silica, direct impregnation into the mesochannels of as-synthesized mesoporous silica and their surface anchoring by covalent binding with propylamine groups implanted by post-synthesis on the internal surface of mesochannels, have been explored. Each nanohybrid has been fully characterized by small angle XRD, TEM, SEM, solid state (29)Si and (13)C MAS NMR and N(2) adsorption-desorption. The fluorescence properties of nanohybrids obtained have been correlated with the immobilization methods, generating interesting information concerning the localization of Fl-DFO molecules in the channels of mesoporous silica. The leaching of Fl-DFO molecules from mesoporous materials has been investigated. The nanosensor prepared by surface anchoring of Fl-DFO at the internal surface of mesochannels showed high performances with no leaching effect and high sensitivity in regards to its responses to ferric ions. Its fluorescence intensity decreased as soon as first Fe(III) ions are in contact with this nanosensor. A linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the ferric ions concentration was observed in low micromolar range. The selectivity of this nanosensor towards other metal ions has also been tested and shown its high affinity to ferric ions. This study can allow the design of a stable, portable, simple, regenerable and cost-effective nanosensor highly sensitive and selective for iron ions with detection limits in the range of cellular LIP in cells, e.g. lower micromolar range.