CEUS联合常规超声诊断乳腺非肿块型疾病的研究

本文探讨超声造影(CEUS)联合常规超声在乳腺非肿块型疾病良恶性鉴别中的应用价值。回顾性分析68例乳腺非肿块型病变患者的影像资料,以病理结果为金标准,对比分析常规超声、CEUS及两者联合的诊断价值。68例乳腺非肿块型病变中良性28例,恶性40例;常规超声特征中,良恶性病灶在微钙化、病灶周围血流分布方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CEUS中良恶性病灶在增强强度、均匀度、显影时间及穿支血管方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),TIC定量参数中,良恶性病灶在TTP、PI、AUC方面差异有统计学意义。常规超声联合CEUS诊断乳腺非肿块型疾病良恶性敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为:90.00%、96.43%、92.65%、97.30%、87.10%,高于单独使用常规超声或CEUS(P<0.05)。CEUS联合常规超声可显著提高乳腺非肿块型疾病良恶性的诊断效能,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

Effect of Yakae-Prajamduen-Jamod Traditional Thai Remedy on Cognitive Impairment in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model and Its Mechanism of Action

Cognitive impairment is a neurological symptom caused by reduced estrogen levels in menopausal women. The Thai traditional medicine, Yakae-Prajamduen-Jamod (YPJ), is a formula consisting of 23 medicinal herbs and has long been used to treat menopausal symptoms in Thailand. In the present study, we investigated the effects of YPJ on cognitive deficits and its underlying mechanisms of action in ovariectomized (OVX) mice, an animal model of menopause. OVX mice showed cognitive deficits in the Y-maze, the novel object recognition test, and the Morris water maze. The serum corticosterone (CORT) level was significantly increased in OVX mice. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were reduced, while the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α inflammatory cytokines were up-regulated in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of OVX mice. These alterations were attenuated by daily treatment with either YPJ or 17β-estradiol. HPLC analysis revealed that YPJ contained antioxidant and phytoestrogen constituents including gallic acid, myricetin, quercetin, luteolin, genistein, and coumestrol. These results suggest that YPJ exerts its ameliorative effects on OVX-induced cognitive deficits in part by mitigating HPA axis overactivation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative brain damage. Therefore, YPJ may be a novel alternative therapeutic medicine suitable for the treatment of cognitive deficits during the menopausal transition.     

脑部磁共振结合静息态fMRI方法在卒中患者认知障碍中的应用

本研究主要探讨脑部磁共振结合静息态fMRI方法在卒中患者认知障碍中的应用。本研究将符合卒中认知障碍患者25例设为患者组,将25例健康者设为对照组。采用脑部静息态核磁共振对实验者进行扫描,以脑部双侧海马为种子点进行功能连接分析,并通过软件分析两组实验者静息态双侧海马差异。结果发现,与对照组相比,患者组右侧海马与左右侧额中回、左侧额下回等的连接减少;右侧海马与左侧颞上中回、双侧丘脑的连接增加;左侧海马与左侧颞额中回、右侧颞额上回、右侧额下回的连接减少;左侧海马与右侧顶下回连接增加。总之,本研究发现卒中患者海马脑区与颞叶皮层、额叶皮层之间的连接减少,可能是由卒中患者脑损害导致。     

Gastrodin Ameliorates Cognitive Dysfunction in Vascular Dementia Rats by Suppressing Ferroptosis via the Regulation of the Nrf2/Keap1-GPx4 Signaling Pathway

Gastrodia elata Bl. has a long edible history and is considered an important functional food raw material. Gastrodin (GAS) is one of the main functional substances in G. elata BI. and can be used as a health care product for the elderly to enhance resistance and delay aging. This study investigated the ameliorative effect and mechanism of GAS on cognitive dysfunction in vascular dementia (VaD) rats, which provides a theoretical basis for development and utilization of functional food. The water maze test shows that GAS improves learning and memory impairment in VaD rats. Meanwhile; GAS significantly decreased the levels of Fe²⁺ and malondialdehyde (MDA); increased the content of glutathione (GSH); and significantly up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), the key regulatory factors of ferroptosis; while it down-regulated the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2). However, GAS does not directly regulate GPx4 and COX2 to inhibit ferroptosis. Furthermore, compared with GAS alone, GAS combined with Bardoxolone (an agonist of Nrf2) did not further affect the increase in GPx4 levels and decrease in COX2 levels, nor did it further affect the regulation of GAS on the biochemical parameters of ferroptosis in HT22 hypoxia injury. These findings revealed that GAS inhibited ferroptosis in hippocampal neurons by activating the Nrf2/Keap1-GPx4 signaling pathway, suggesting its possible application as a functional food for improving vascular dementia by inhibiting ferroptosis.     

脑血管病患者血清锌,铜,铁,钙含量与病情的关系

测定了４２例脑血管病患者血锌、铜、铁、钙含量，结果显示急性期患者血锌含量明显低于正常值，且病情越重，血锌下降越明显。临床上测定脑血管病患者血锌含量对评估患者病情、判断预后有一定意义。     

Effects of Pueraria candollei var mirifica (Airy Shaw and Suvat.) Niyomdham on Ovariectomy-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Mouse Brain

The effects of the phytoestrogen-enriched plant Pueraria mirifica (PM) extract on ovari-ectomy (OVX)-induced cognitive impairment and hippocampal oxidative stress in mice were investigated. Daily treatment with PM and 17β-estradiol (E2) significantly elevated cognitive behavior as evaluated by using the Y maze test, the novel object recognition test (NORT), and the Morris water maze test (MWM), attenuated atrophic changes in the uterus and decreased serum 17β-estradiol levels. The treatments significantly ameliorated ovariectomy-induced oxidative stress in the hippocampus and serum by a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA), an enhancement of superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity, including significantly down-regulated expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines, while up-regulating expression of PI3K. The present results suggest that PM extract suppresses oxidative brain damage and dysfunctions in the hippocampal antioxidant system, including the neuroinflammatory system in OVX animals, thereby preventing OVX-induced cognitive impairment. The present results indicate that PM exerts beneficial effects on cognitive deficits for which menopause/ovariectomy have been implicated as risk factors.     

镉污染区居民的体镉负荷与硒元素水平相关性研究

调查了某镉污染区米镉,米硒及２４７名居民体内镉负荷和硒水平,以及对照区的米镉、米硒和２５３名居民体镉负荷和硒水平,结果发现某镉污染区的镉与硒存在着相关关系。     

中药的补血作用与Fe元素含量相关性研究

目的通过对不同药效的中药Fe元素含量分析,探讨中药的补血作用与Fe元素含量的相关性。方法按中药药效选取药材并分组,每组样品微波消解后采用原子吸收光谱仪进行Fe元素含量测定。结果补血药组Fe元素含量最高,是其他组的1.5~5倍。结论中药的补血作用与Fe元素水平相关。