氧化程度对氧化石墨烯a-b轴结构及电学性能的影响

采用改进的Hummers法及超声分散等后续处理制备不同氧化程度的氧化石墨烯样品。用XPS、XRD、AFM、UV-Vis及四探针测试仪对样品官能团变化规律、结构、形貌特征以及电学性能进行表征分析。结果表明,氧化石墨烯在超声波的作用下水相条件下可达单层分散,单层氧化石墨烯厚度约为1.4 nm:成膜过程中,在氢键力的作用下氧化石墨烯片层沿c轴重叠形成层状凝聚体,结构有序度较好;随氧化剂(KMn O4)用量增加,碳层平面上含氧官能团含量持续增加,特别是羟基官能团(C-OH)含量的增加,使a-b轴方向最大底面间距(d100和d110)一直增大,直至KMn O4用量达4.0 g时,部分C-OH水解,导致d100与d110略有减小;碳层平面上含氧官能团尤其是环氧官能团(C-O-C)含量的增加,使样品带隙宽度逐渐增大,导电性能越来越差。     

氧化程度对氧化石墨结构与阳离子交换容量的影响

通过改进hummers法制备了不同氧化程度的氧化石墨。采用XRD、FTIR及XPS等对不同氧化程度氧化石墨样品的结构特征、含氧官能团种类与含量及阳离子交换容量进行表征。结果表明,石墨经氧化后结构层上键入羟基(C-OH)、环氧基(C-O-C)和羧基(-COOH)等含氧官能团;随氧化程度的增加,石墨结构逐渐全部转化为氧化石墨结构,C-O-C和-COOH的含量逐渐增大,而C-OH的含量先增大后略有减小,阳离子交换容量也表现为先增大后减小,对应的最大值分别为1.70、3.80和4.50 mmol·g-1;氧化石墨碳平面上C-OH发生去质子化反应在层间产生H+,其他阳离子与之交换进入GO层间域,C-OH的含量是影响氧化石墨阳离子交换容量的主要因素,随C-OH含量的增加,氧化石墨样品的阳离子交换容量增大。     

氧化程度对氧化石墨结构与阳离子交换容量的影响

通过改进hummers法制备了不同氧化程度的氧化石墨。采用XRD、FTIR及XPS等对不同氧化程度氧化石墨样品的结构特征、含氧官能团种类与含量及阳离子交换容量进行表征。结果表明,石墨经氧化后结构层上键入羟基(C-OH)、环氧基(C-O-C)和羧基(-COOH)等含氧官能团;随氧化程度的增加,石墨结构逐渐全部转化为氧化石墨结构,C-O-C和-COOH的含量逐渐增大,而C-OH的含量先增大后略有减小,阳离子交换容量也表现为先增大后减小,对应的最大值分别为1.70、3.80和4.50 mmol·g^-1;氧化石墨碳平面上C-OH发生去质子化反应在层间产生H⁺,其他阳离子与之交换进入GO层间域,C-OH的含量是影响氧化石墨阳离子交换容量的主要因素,随C-OH含量的增加,氧化石墨样品的阳离子交换容量增大。     

东胜长焰煤热解含氧官能团结构演化的13C-NMR和FT-IR分析

以东胜煤田色拉一号井田2号煤层长焰煤为研究对象,利用浮沉离心法富集其镜质组。基于工业分析、元素分析、¹³C-NMR、FT-IR、谱图分峰拟合技术和化学分析测试,求取镜煤及一系列热解煤含氧官能团结构与含量参数,从不同角度研究了含氧官能团的分布规律与演化特点。镜煤中羧基、羰基含量分别为8.91~10.90 mol/kg、1.61~1.79 mol/kg,随热解温度升高羧基显著减少。热解作用促使以端基形式连接在脂肪链或脂肪环结构氧上的甲基和亚甲基首先脱去,且在温度高于350 ℃后基本稳定。氧在热解过程赋存状态的变化是芳香体系与脂肪体系相互竞争的结果,510 ℃热解煤中芳香类氧和脂肪类氧的含量分别为7.49、3.45 mol/kg。羟基的演化过程与热解过程中氧的赋存状态密切相关。随着热解过程的进行,在热解温度低于440 ℃时,各种羟基含量均减少,热解过程对于大分子网络的破坏干扰了各种氢键作用,而羟基π作用则暂时增强,至510 ℃时各种氢键含量均降为最低。东胜长焰煤中含氧官能团化学活性顺序为:[COOH]>[R-O]>[Ar-O-Ar,Ar-O-C,C-O-C]>[C=O]。镜煤非活性醚键含量为0.68 mol/kg,活性醚键为0.48 mol/kg,主要为非活性醚键。     

氧化程度对氧化石墨烯a-b轴结构及电学性能的影响

采用改进的Hummers法及超声分散等后续处理制备不同氧化程度的氧化石墨烯样品.用XPS、XRD、AFM、UV-Vis及四探针测试仪对样品官能团变化规律、结构、形貌特征以及电学性能进行表征分析.结果表明,氧化石墨烯在超声波的作用下水相条件下可达单层分散,单层氧化石墨烯厚度约为1.4 nm:成膜过程中,在氢键力的作用下氧化石墨烯片层c轴重叠形成层状凝聚体,结构有序度较好;随氧化剂(KMnO₄)用量增加,碳层平面上含氧官能团含量持续增加,特别是羟基官能团(C-OH)含量的增加,使a-b轴方向最大底面间距(d₁₀₀和d₁₁₀)一直增大,直至KMnO₄用量达4.0 g时,部分C-OH水解,导致d₁₀₀与d₁₁₀略有减小;碳层平面上含氧官能团尤其是环氧官能团(C-O-C)含量的增加,使样品带隙宽度逐渐增大,导电性能越来越差.     

对苯二胺功能化还原氧化石墨烯的结构和官能团变化

采用一步水热回流法,选取对苯二胺(PPD)对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行还原与改性处理,制备了功能化还原氧化石墨烯(GOP-X).采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及X射线衍射(XRD)等研究了PPD与GO的反应作用类型及结构变化.结果表明,随着PPD与GO质量比的增加,GOP-X层间距(d值)先增大后减小,GOP-X共轭结构逐渐恢复,与溶剂分子作用时,层间距增幅呈减小趋势,并最终趋于恒定.PPD单体与GO反应时存在3种键合类型:(1)GO含氧官能团和PPD分子之间的氢键作用(C—OH…H2N—X);(2)质子化PPD与弱酸性GO带负电位置之间的离子键作用(—COO-H3+N—X);(3)PPD中氨基(NH2)与GO含氧官能团之间形成的共价键作用.与GO中羧基(COOH)的酰胺化反应将先于与环氧基(C—O—C)的亲核取代反应.提出了相应的作用机理.     

聚α烯烃光催化降解的机理研究

采用光催化微反应器对铜箔表面附着的聚α烯烃进行了光催化降解处理,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电子自旋共振谱(ESR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等对光催化降解前后聚α烯烃的元素化学状态、自由基和官能团进行了检测,并探讨了光催化降解机理.结果表明,聚α烯烃光催化降解过程中发生了含氧基团的引入和CO_2脱附;参加降解反应的自由基主要为羟基自由基·OH,降解过程中—OH逐渐增多、C—H键逐渐减少;聚α烯烃光催化降解过程中,·OH进攻聚α烯烃是从取代反应开始的,首先取代的是末端的氢原子,然后是末端羟基向醛基和羧基的转变,最后是碳链断裂形成小分子有机物,这一过程持续进行,最终生成CO_2和H_2O等无机物.     

自由基促进的醇/醚α-O-C(sp~3)—H键选择性活化的最新研究进展

醇/醚是最常见的化工原料,而醇羟基被认为是合成化学中的"万能"官能团转化基团.选择性地切断醇/醚分子中α-氧原子位的C(sp~3)—H键,构筑新的化学键,无疑是一种十分有吸引力的合成策略.近年来,一些很高效的经自由基历程的这类转化被相继报道.醇/醚作为起始原料,羟基的有效保留以及专一的区域选择性等优点使得此类合成方法备受关注.概述了近年来经自由基促进的脂肪醇及醚α-氧C(sp~3)—H键选择性活化构建C—C键的最新研究进展.     

煤中含氧官能团的分析方法介绍

煤中氧的存在形式和含氧量是研究煤物理结构和化学性能的基础。本文对煤中含氧官能团的各类分析方法进行了总结,介绍了确定煤中羟基(醇羟基和酚羟基)、羧基、羰基、醚键等含氧官能团的化学及物理定性与定量方法。并对这些方法的易操作性、准确性等进行了比较,旨在从分析测试机理和煤结构组成出发,了解煤中含氧官能团和相关煤结构的分析进展。     

锰氧咔咯催化环己烷生成己二醛催化机理的理论研究

通过密度泛函理论计算,研究锰氧咔咯催化环己烷氧化成己二醛的反应,讨论该催化过程的多态反应活性.计算表明,该反应经历两步羟基化和一步C—C键断裂过程.两步羟基化都是由氢转移开始,形成碳自由基中间体,接着迅速发生的自由基反应形成二醇的中间体.C—C键断裂过程由氢转移开始,先形成氧自由基中间体,氧自由基单电子和邻近环C—C键存在强烈的相互作用,导致该C—C键活化断裂和第二个氢的协同转移.反应的速控步是第二步羟基化过程,因此碳自由基中间体的稳定性决定该反应的难易,这也解释了实验上观察到叔碳的活性大于仲碳的活性顺序.     

Photoreduction of graphite oxide nanosheets with vacuum ultraviolet radiation

Films of graphite oxide nanosheets have been prepared by deposition from an aqueous alcohol emulsion onto a Teflon FEP substrate. The behavior of the films exposed to monochromatic vacuum UV radiation at a wavelength of 123.6 nm has been studied. It has been found that irradiation decreases the water content and the amount of hydroxyl (OH) groups and increases the concentration of double bonds in the film. At the same time, irradiation does not decrease the amount of C=O groups in the carboxyl and ketone moieties.     

环氧化天然橡胶凝胶溶胶的热老化性能

环氧化天然橡胶凝胶溶胶的热老化性能;红外差谱     

Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide/modified poly(<Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-isopropylacrylamide) nanocomposite

In this study, the graphene oxide/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) nanocomposite modified with 2-mercaptoethanol (GO/MPNIPAM) was synthesized in three stages. N-Isopropylacrylamide polymerization was firstly performed in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, which was discovered by Homer, and 2-mercaptoethanol as a modifier. Then, the graphene oxide/modified polymer nanocomposite was synthesized by the covalent interactions between carboxylic acids of the graphene oxide and hydroxyl groups of the modified polymer during the esterification reaction. The GO/MPNIPAM nanocomposite includes some percentage of the polymer that improves solubility and stability of the GO sheets in physiological applications; due to the interaction between the MPNIPAM and the modified GO polymer, a bridge-like connection is formed between the GO sheets and the process that leads to remove a large number of hydrophilic groups on the GO nanocomposite and therefore, the GO/MPNIPAM is well dissolved in organic solvents. This property is beneficial for anti-cancer drug delivery as well as π–π interactions between the nanocomposite and aromatic drugs. The nanocomposite is not a toxic material for human body at all and has high capacity for drug delivery. Structure and morphology of the nanocomposite were studied by FTIR, SEM, XRD, UV, TGA and Raman analysis. The analysis done by X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the presence of graphene oxide in nanocomposites and improved crystalline polymer in nanocomposites.     

Confinement effects on the thermal stability of poly(ethylene oxide)/graphene nanocomposites: A reactive molecular dynamics simulation study

Nonisothermal and isothermal decomposition of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) loaded with different concentrations of pristine graphene (PG) and graphene oxide (GO) nanoplatelets were investigated using reactive molecular dynamics simulation. The onset of nonisothermal decomposition of the PG‐loaded PEO system was the highest among all systems, suggesting that introducing PG to the polymer improves its thermal stability (an effect that increases with an increase in the PG concentration). At low concentration, introducing GO to the polymer brings about a deterioration of the thermal stability of the polymer consistent with experimental findings. On average, the activation energy for the isothermal decomposition of PG‐loaded PEO system increases by 60% over that of the neat PEO system, while it decreases by 40% for the GO‐loaded PEO system. A time‐dependent analysis of the through‐thickness decomposition profile of the above systems reveals that the polymer confined between the PG sheets exhibit a higher thermal stability compared to the bulk polymer. However, an opposite effect is observed with the polymer confined between the GO sheets. The latter observation is attributed to accelerated polymer chain scission in confined regions due to the ejection of reactive hydroxyl radicals from the GO surface during the early stages of thermal decomposition. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1026–1035     

The Route to Functional Graphene Oxide

We report on an easy‐to‐use, successful, and reproducible route to synthesize functionalized graphite oxide (GO) and its conversion to graphene‐like materials through chemical or thermal reduction of GO. Graphite oxide containing hydroxyl, epoxy, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups loses mainly hydroxyl and epoxy groups during reduction, whereas carboxyl species remain untouched. The interaction of functionalized graphene with fluorescent methylene blue (MB) is investigated and compared to graphite, fully oxidized GO, as well as thermally and chemically reduced GO. Optical absorption and emission spectra of the composites indicate a clear preference for MB interaction with the GO derivatives containing a large number of functional groups (GO and chemically reduced GO), whereas graphite and thermally reduced GO only incorporate a few MB molecules. These findings are consistent with thermogravimetric, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic, and Raman data recorded at every stage of preparation. The optical data also indicate concentration‐dependent aggregation of MB on the GO surface leading to stable MB dimers and trimers. The MB dimers are responsible for fluorescence quenching, which can be controlled by varying the pH value.     

Adsorption of epoxy and hydroxyl groups on zigzag graphene nanoribbons: Insights from density functional calculations

Density functional theory calculations have been used to investigate the adsorption of epoxy and hydroxyl groups on zigzag graphene nanoribbons. Our calculations show that the adsorbed epoxy groups and both the epoxy and hydroxyl groups on a ribbon surface can be transformed to a carbonyl pair and a carbonyl-hydroxyl pair. The energy barriers of these processes are 1.13 and 0.37 eV, respectively. In contrast to the reduced GO sheets, the stabilities of the carbonyl-hydroxyl pair and the carbonyl pair, with respect to the corresponding initial configuration, strongly depend on the adsorbed sites of groups. The vacancy defect improves the adsorptions of oxygen-containing groups on the surface. Because of the adsorption of new hydroxyl groups, the O-H bond belonging to the carbonyl-hydroxyl pair was highly dissociative and led to the formation of a highly stable carbonyl group with the release of water. The magnetic and electronic properties of the zigzag graphene nanoribbons were well tuned by different oxidized groups.