超疏水超亲油铜网的制备及其在油水分离中的应用

以铜网为基底,通过浸涂法在其表面制得超疏水超亲油有机-无机复合薄膜,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角分别为152°和10°。 线性低密度聚乙烯-SiO₂纳米球构成的复合阶层结构及低表面能线性低密度聚乙烯涂层的协同作用使铜网产生独特的润湿性。 该铜网具有很好的自清洁性和抗腐蚀性,可用于油水混合物的有效分离。 与传统方法相比,该方法制备超疏水-超亲油薄膜方法简单、成本低、无氟,有望在实践中得到应用。     

磺化苯膦酸-磷酸锆的制备及其对甲醛羰基化反应的催化性能

合成了苯膦酸锆及其混合配体形式的苯膦酸.磷酸锆和苯膦酸-亚磷酸锆,并通过层间苯环磺化制备了不同组成的磺化苯膦酸-磷酸锆(SZrPP-n).利用电感耦合等离子体、X射线衍射、热重、红外光谱等手段对样品磺化前后的结构和性质进行了表征,考察了SZrPP-n对甲醛羰基化反应的催化性能.结果表明.苯膦酸.磷酸锆具有典型的层状结构,改变合成条件可以得到层间距不同的晶体.磺化后,SZrPP-n样品层间距增大,具有丰富的酸性位,热稳定性可以达到200℃以上.SZrPP-n对甲醛羰基化制乙醇酸甲酯反应具有较高的催化活性和稳定性.     

超疏水超亲油铜网的制备及其在油水分离中的应用（英文）

以铜网为基底,通过浸涂法在其表面制得超疏水超亲油有机-无机复合薄膜,水滴、油滴在其表面的接触角分别为152°和10°。线性低密度聚乙烯-SiO_2纳米球构成的复合阶层结构及低表面能线性低密度聚乙烯涂层的协同作用使铜网产生独特的润湿性。该铜网具有很好的自清洁性和抗腐蚀性,可用于油水混合物的有效分离。与传统方法相比,该方法制备超疏水-超亲油薄膜方法简单、成本低、无氟,有望在实践中得到应用。     

氧化硅柱撑磺化磷酸-苯膦酸锆的合成及性能

以磷酸-苯膦酸锆为层板,合成并表征了硅柱撑的层柱磷酸-苯膦酸锆,并磺化了其中的苯环.磺化后的产物具有较高的酸量,在酯化反应中催化活性与硫酸相当.     

高强度黏附力可调控的水下超疏油铜网膜的制备

通过调控在铜网表面电镀铜的时间制备了一系列具有不同黏附性的水下超疏油铜网表面,并进一步在铜网表面包覆一层磷酸二氢铝(ADP)纳米涂层.在保持铜网表面原有微结构形貌不变的前提下,ADP纳米涂层有效增强了铜网表面微纳结构的机械强度及表面浸润特征的稳定性.研究结果表明,铜网表面不同微结构赋予了表面与油滴之间不同的接触状态,从而产生了不同的黏附性; ADP包覆后铜网表面微结构机械强度的增加,得益于包覆后表面微观结构在外力作用下最大应力和最大横向位移的明显降低.     

超疏水油水分离材料研究进展

近年来,石油泄漏和有机污染物排放对环境和生态系统造成了严重甚至不可挽回的损害,油水分离已成为一个全球性的挑战,如何处理油水混合物并将其有效分离已成为目前亟待解决的问题.许多仿生超疏水材料已被用于选择性油水分离研究,显示出诱人的应用前景.本文作者简要介绍了自然界超疏水现象以及固体表面浸润性理论,分析了材料的疏水亲油原理,重点介绍了近年来超疏水油水分离材料的研究应用进展,并对本领域的研究趋势进行了展望.     

油水分离用天然材料表面化学研究进展

油水乳液和油水混合物的分离对解决工业含油废水以及原油泄漏造成的污染问题具有重要的意义.近年来应用于油水分离的超润湿材料引起了广泛的关注,并展现出良好的应用前景.本文综述了近年来利用超润湿性低成本、环保的天然材料通过过滤和吸附技术分离油水乳液和混合物的研究进展.对于每一种天然材料,如沙粒、木材、椰子壳等,介绍了代表性的研...     

超疏水-超亲油棉织物的制备及在油水分离中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得Zn O溶胶,以棉织物为基底,在其表面浸涂Zn O溶胶,再经辛基三甲氧基硅烷表面修饰后显示出超疏水性和超亲油性,水滴和油滴在其表面的接触角分别为152°和0°.利用棉织物表面的超疏水性和超亲油性,可以实现对油水混合物中油和水的有效分离.为防水服饰的设计、超疏水/超亲油材料的制备及在油水混合物的分离与应用提供借鉴.     

超亲水-水下超疏油PVDF-g-PAA多孔膜的制备及油水分离性能

采用相反转方法制备了丙烯酸(AA)接枝的超亲水-水下超疏油聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF-g-PAA),通过加入一定量的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮获得可用于油水分离的多孔聚偏氟乙烯膜.多孔聚偏氟乙烯膜具有较好的抗油污染性能及较高的力学强度,可以快速高效地分离油水混合体系和乳化油水体系,分离性质稳定,多次使用后对油水混合物的分离效率在98%以上,对油水乳化液的分离效率在91%以上,可广泛应用于油水混合体系和乳化油水体系的油水分离.     

具有水下超疏油性能的MXene高效油水分离膜

基于二维材料MXene(Ti₃C₂T_x)的化学组成和纳米片状结构, 在不锈钢网上制备了具有MXene微纳结构表面的新型亲水和水下超疏油分离膜. 对于不同类型的油-水混合物, 该膜材料可实现重力驱动的高效油水分离, 收集的水中残油量小于4 mg/L, 具有高分离效率(>99.99%), 水通量高达57.52 L·m^-2·s^-1. 此外, 经高温处理和多种有机溶剂浸泡后MXene膜仍具有高效的油水分离性能, 并表现出优异的稳定性和循环性.     

Superhydrophobic Micro/Nanostructured Copper Mesh with Self-Cleaning Property for E ective Oil/Water Separation

In this work, a simple method was carried out to successfully fabricate superoleophilic and superhydrophobic N-dodecyltrimethoxysilane@tungsten trioxide coated copper mesh. The as-fabricated copper mesh displayed prominent superoleophilicity and superhydrophobicity with a huge water contact angle about 154.39^° and oil contact angle near 0^°. Moreover, the coated copper mesh showed high separation efficiency approximately 99.3%, and huge water flux about 9962.3 L·h^-1·m^-2, which could be used to separate various organic solvents/water mixtures. Furthermore, the coated copper mesh showed favorable stability that the separation efficiency remained above 90% after 10 separation cycles. Benefiting from the excellent photocatalytic degradation ability of tungsten trioxide, the coated copper mesh possessed the self-cleaning capacity. Therefore, the mesh contaminated with lubricating oil could regain superhydrophobic property, and this property of self-cleaning permitted that the fabricated copper mesh could be repeatedly used for oil and water separation.     

Superhydrophobic polymer multilayers for the filtration- and absorption-based separation of oil/water mixtures

We report layer-by-layer approaches to the design of superhydrophobic and superoleophilic substrates for the filtration- or absorption-based separation of bulk oil from oil/water mixtures. Fabrication of covalently cross-linked, nanoporous polymer multilayers on mesh substrates yielded superhydrophobic and superoleophilic porous media that allow oil to pass, but completely prevent the passage of bulk water. This approach can be used to promote the filtration of oil/water mixtures, and these film-coated substrates can be bent and physically manipulated without affecting oil- and water-wetting properties. Fabrication on three-dimensional macroporous polymer pads yielded flexible objects that float on water and absorb oil at contaminated air/water interfaces. This approach permits oil to be recovered by squeezing or rinsing with solvent and the reuse of these materials without decreases in performance. These pads can also absorb oil from simulated seawater, brine, and other media representative of marine or industrial contexts where oil contamination can occur. Our results address issues associated with the design of polymer-based coatings for the separation, removal, and collection of oil from oil-contaminated water. With further development, this approach could provide low-energy alternatives to conventional remediation methods or yield new strategies that can be implemented in ways that are impractical using current technologies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 3127–3136     

Green Approach to the Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Mesh Surface for Oil/Water Separation

We report a simple and environment friendly method to fabricate superhydrophobic metallic mesh surfaces for oil/water separation. The obtained mesh surface exhibits superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity after it was dried in an oven at 200 °C for 10 min. A rough silver layer is formed on the mesh surface after immersion, and the spontaneous adsorption of airborne carbon contaminants on the silver surface lower the surface free energy of the mesh. No low‐surface‐energy reagents and/or volatile organic solvents are used. In addition, we demonstrate that by using the mesh box, oils can be separated and collected from the surface of water repeatedly, and that high separation efficiencies of larger than 92 % are retained for various oils. Moreover, the superhydrophobic mesh also possesses excellent corrosion resistance and thermal stability. Hence, these superhydrophobic meshes might be good candidates for the practical separation of oil from the surface of water.     

In-situ growth hierarchical and superhydrophobic flower-like Cu3(PO4)2·2H2O nanosheets based on copper mesh for efficient oil–water separation

Superhydrophobic porous membranes with interconnected open structures for effective treatment oily wastewater have gradually drawn researchers’ attentions owing to frequent occurrence of organics leakage accidents. In this paper, we successfully fabricated superhydrophobic flower-like Cu₃(PO₄)₂·2H₂O nanosheets on copper mesh surface via in-situ growth strategy and silane coupling agent (A151) hydrophobic modification. Specifically speaking, commercial copper mesh served as substrate and Cu could react with (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ and Na₂HPO₄, forming flower-like micro-nanostructure. As-synthesized materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). In addition, chemical, mechanical stability and durability of as-prepared materials were also investigated under different condition. The relevant experiment results demonstrated that flower-like Cu₃(PO₄)₂·2H₂O nanosheets successfully grew on copper mesh surface, resulting in the formation of rough structure. Modified copper mesh showed superhydrophobic and superoleophilic properties simultaneously with water contact angle (CA) of 151.24° and oil contact angle of 0°, respectively. The as-prepared materials could be used to separate oily wastewater with high separation efficiency (above 95.0%). The mechanism of oil–water separation was investigated in detail based on positive and negative capillary effect. High separation efficiency, excellent stability and durability of superhydrophobic copper mesh make it one of best promising separation candidates for wastewater treatment.     

超疏水网状结构对水中气泡的转移作用

通过一步浸泡法制得了超疏水网状结构. 采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)、X光电子能谱(XPS)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分别对超疏水网状结构的微观形貌和化学组成进行了表征, 结果表明, 超疏水的网状结构是由连续排列的类菊花状结构堆积而成的, 组成花瓣的微簇是具有层状结构的Cu[CH3(CH2)12COO]2. 借助高速照相机研究了超疏水网状结构表面与水中气泡的相互作用行为规律, 发现该超疏水网状结构对水中气泡产生转移作用, 而亲水的网状结构则不具备该特性.     

静电纺丝制备超疏水TiO2纳米纤维网膜

采用静电纺丝技术构筑粗糙表面, 再使用廉价的低表面能物质硅油在煅烧过程中进行同步修饰, 制备出接触角大于150°, 滚动角小于5°的TiO2超疏水表面. 该超疏水表面具有由TiO2纳米纤维和微米尺寸颗粒状硅油高温分解产物织构而成的纳米纤维网膜结构, 这种特殊的微纳米复合粗糙结构和疏水性硅油分解产物的修饰作用导致TiO2纳米纤维网膜的超疏水性. 这种超疏水的TiO2材料为超疏水材料在防水织物、无损失液体运输和微流体等领域的应用提供了新的研究视野.     

Janus Copper Mesh Film with Unidirectional Water Transportation Ability toward High Efficiency Oil/Water Separation

Inspired by the special asymmetric wettability and controllable permeation function of cell membranes, we report a Janus nanostructured copper mesh film with unidirectional water transportation ability. Water can permeate from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic side, but is retained in the opposite direction. Notably, based on this special unidirectional water permeation property, both heavy oil/water mixtures (ρ _oil>ρ _water) and light oil/water mixtures (ρ _oil<ρ _water) can be separated. Additionally, the film demonstrates high separation efficiency and good recyclability. This paper reports a new Janus film that achieved highly efficient oil/water separation based on smart control of the wettability of the film. It is believed to have the potential to be used in many practical applications, such as wastewater treatment and oil‐spill cleanup.     

A mechanically robust copper mesh with switchable wettability and antibacterial activity for selective oil–water separation

With the continuous improvement in living standards, the discharge of oily sewage in daily life and industry has gradually increased, causing considerable damage to the environment and also great inconvenience to people. Traditional treatment methods cannot meet the increasing demand for sewage treatment, so more efficient treatment methods need to be studied. Research on oil–water separation materials is gradually becoming intelligent, but most of these intelligent materials cannot solve the problem of bacterial growth on the surface, new antibacterial and hydrophobic materials need to be studied. Here, an inexpensive and simple method is presented to prepare an antibacterial copper mesh with pH-responsive wettability between hydrophilic and hydrophobic. First, a copper mesh with a rough surface was prepared by an oxidation method, and then the oxidized copper mesh was immersed in the prepared coating solution of stearate (SA)-TiO₂ to obtain a superhydrophobic copper mesh. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the modified copper mesh changed from the original smooth surface to a rough surface covered with needle-like nano-oxide wires. The SA-TiO₂-coated copper mesh (STCM) has good separation efficiency (about 97%) and separation flux (about 1.1 × 10⁵ L·m⁻²·h⁻¹) for the immiscible oil–water mixture, the separation efficiency remained basically unchanged (about 97%) after 15 separation cycles, and the wettability of this can be changed by soaking in an alkaline solution at a specific pH (from 12 to 14). In addition, the prepared STCM showed good antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This preparation strategy of STCM provides a low-cost and facile method for wastewater treatment in practical applications.     

Wrinkled Graphene Monoliths as Superabsorbing Building Blocks for Superhydrophobic and Superhydrophilic Surfaces

Superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces are of great interest because of a large range of applications, for example, as antifogging and self‐cleaning coatings, as antibiofouling paints for boats, in metal refining, and for water–oil separation. An aqueous ink based on three‐dimensional graphene monoliths (Gr) can be used for constructing both superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces on arbitrary substrates with different surficial structures from the meso‐ to the macroscale. The surface wettability of a Gr‐coated surface mainly depends on which additional layers (air for a superhydrophobic surface and water for a superhydrophilic surface) are adsorbed on the surface of the graphene sheets. Switching a Gr‐coated surface between being superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic can thus be easily achieved by drying and prewetting with ethanol. The Gr‐based superhydrophobic membranes or films should have great potential as efficient separators for fast and gravity‐driven oil–water separation.