HL-2M 装置 CO2 色散干涉仪研制

研制了一套新型 CO₂ 激光色散干涉仪用于 HL-2M 装置初始放电期间的电子密度测量。该系统采用 基于激光倍频的色散测量原理,能够消除机械振动产生的相位误差。该系统使用全新的调相式信号调制,研发了 相应的数据采集/处理/上传系统。根据实验测量结果表明,CO₂ 激光色散干涉仪和微波干涉仪测量曲线基本一致, 色散干涉仪系统的测量精度约为 2×10¹⁷m⁻³,密度测量上限能达到 10²¹m⁻³。     

基于光学多普勒效应的光速测量与监听实验

设计了基于迈克耳孙干涉仪的光学多普勒效应定量实验装置,分别以气体、液体中光速的测量与音频监听为例,阐述了装置的具体运行过程,展示了装置的性能与技术参量.实验测得空气中光速为3.021×10⁸ m/s,水中光速为2.284×10⁸ m/s;该装置还可用于研究物体的运动,测速范围达到300 nm/s～7.9 m/s.基于光学多普勒效应进行音频监听,所得音频包含了音频原声的基本特征.     

基于光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪多普勒激光雷达鉴频器的校准及风速探测(英文)

分析了光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪作为鉴频器的多普勒激光雷达风速探测灵敏度及动态范围与光程差的关系.当光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪光程差从0.1 m变化到1.5 m时,对应风速探测范围从±199.5m/s变化到±13.3m/s.光程差为0.45m时,风速变化1m/s对应的最高灵敏度为2.15%.光程差误差将导致风速反演误差.当光程差为0.145 9m和1.088 9m时,1nm的光程差误差将导致反演风速误差分别为1.028m/s和0.138m/s.应用激光波长调谐的方法得到光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的透过率曲线,由自由光谱范围精确确定了光程差的值.应用此干涉仪作为鉴频器的激光雷达完成了实际风速探测,反演风速与相干探测风速具有较好的一致性,证明了校准探测的正确性.     

星载长波红外测风干涉仪的热漂移效应

星载长波红外气辉成像干涉仪可实现对临近空间平流层区域大气风场信息的遥感观测。然而,长波红外对温度更加敏感,因此会给干涉仪引入更多的误差来源。鉴于此,借鉴平流层风场干涉仪（Stratospheric Wind Interferometer for Transport,SWIFT）的设计参数,在临边观测正演仿真的基础上,开展了关键部件的相位热漂移研究及背景辐射的热不稳定分析,给出了仪器温度变化引起的风场误差,提出了通过校准泡对光程差相位的监测减小测风误差的方案。不确定度分析表明,如果SWIFT仪器关键部件的温度变化率控制在10-3 K/s,Michelson干涉仪和F-P滤光片因热漂移产生的测风误差分别为37 m/s和20 m/s。当校准泡对光程差相位的监测精度达到10-3 rad时,热漂移引入的误差可降至1 m/s以内。该研究将为星载全天时临近空间长波红外测风干涉仪的设计及研制提供重要的理论指导。     

工作在亚毫米波段的付里叶变换谱仪

本文介绍了我们研制成功的工作在亚毫米波段的付里叶变换谱仪。工作波长为33μm至500μm,分弁率为1cm^-1。本仪器的主要特点是:1,采用微型机控制的数据采集和数据处理;2,动镜采用液压驱动,激光控制取样;3,整个干涉仪置于真空之中,以防水蒸汽的吸收。     

全光纤多模速度干涉仪的研究

针对传统全光纤单模速度干涉仪在爆炸冲击试验中,前端的单模准直器对高速运动的物体的漫反射光难以有效收集,提出了全光纤多模速度干涉仪的装置。利用超辐射发光二极管作为光源,初步验证了全光纤多模速度干涉仪的可行性。主要阐述了全光纤多模速度干涉仪的原理和结构,并将其与全光纤单模速度干涉仪在喇叭振动速度的实验中进行比较,取得了一致的结果,最后还进行霍普金森压杆撞击实验,实测的速度最大值为10.49 m/s,与理论值10 m/s符合较好。     

基于双F-P干涉仪的多普勒测风激光雷达的性能分析

 自行研制了一台基于双边缘技术的多普勒激光雷达，用于测量对流层大气风场。该雷达采用具有高光谱分辨率的双Fabry-Perot干涉仪来检测气溶胶后向散射的多普勒频移量。给出了多普勒测风激光雷达的结构和参数。利用干涉仪参数讨论了雷达系统的测量精度。实验测定了双干涉仪的频谱曲线。通过计算和分析，由测量的干涉仪频谱曲线的的标准偏差引起的系统测量误差为0.5 m/s。系统的测量误差随着测量的高度和所测速度的增加在增大，在高度10 km测量50 m/s的风速时系统的测量误差小于2 m/s。     

可移动三维主动减振系统及其在原子干涉重力仪上的应用

振动极大地影响着许多精密仪器的灵敏度和稳定性,对于冷原子干涉重力仪尤其如此.针对可移动的原子干涉仪建立了一套易于搬运的三维主动减振系统用来有效隔除地面的振动,从而提高可移动原子干涉仪的测量灵敏度,并能做到迅速部署迅速恢复工作.通过实施我们设计的综合反馈算法,本装置在三个维度的宽频带范围上实现了非常好的振动压制效果.本系统取得了对地面竖直方向振动3个数量级,对地面水平方向振动1个数量级的振动隔除效果.在原子干涉仪敏感的10 Hz以下频段,竖直方向的振动噪声被压制到了4.8×10~(–9)m/s~2/Hz~(1/2),水平方向的振动噪声被压制到了2.3×10~(–7) m/s~2/Hz~(1/2).振动噪声对干涉仪灵敏度的影响降至2μGal/Hz~(1/2)以下,比未放置减振系统的结果降低了2个数量级.     

基于径向剪切干涉仪的三维位移测量技术

本文提出一种基于双圆光栅径向剪切干涉仪的三维位移测量方法,其测量原理是径向剪切干涉仪所形成的莫尔条纹不仅由二维平面内位移决定,轴向位移会在+1和–1级莫尔条纹之间产生一个特定的相移.首先,基于标量衍射理论对双圆光栅径向剪切干涉仪的+1和–1级莫尔条纹强度分布进行推导,建立了三维位移量与莫尔条纹强度分布的精确解析关系;其次,在频谱分析的基础上,利用半圆环滤波器进行空间滤波,实现+1和–1级莫尔条纹的同时成像;然后,提出了从莫尔条纹图中定量提取三维位移的算法,并通过数值模拟进行验证;最后,实验结果验证了该方法测量平面内位移的最大绝对误差为4.8×10^–3 mm,平均误差为2.0×10^–4 mm,轴向位移的最大绝对误差为0.25 mm,平均误差为8.6×10^–3 mm.该方法具有装置简单、测量精度高、非接触、瞬时测量等特点,可实现三维位移的同时测量.     

激光加热Cu和NaF靶产生的1.2keV区X射线转换效率的测量

介绍了激光加热Cu靶和NaF靶发射的在1.2keV区X射线转换效率的测量方法和实验结果。结果表明,在激光辐照功率密度为1×10¹³—1×10¹⁴W·cm^-2条件下,激光波长为1.06μm或0.53μm时,Cu等离子体发射的1.2KeV区X射线的转换率为NaF等离子体的4—5倍;对此两种等离子体,激光波长为0.53μm的X射线转换效率是波长为1.06μm的2倍左右。 关键词：     

Wavelength shift determination using a dual-path heterodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer

This paper introduces a dual-path heterodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer adopted for wavelength shift determinations. In this interferometer, two parallel incident beams are separated into two interference pairs which are then recombined to generate two interference signals. A parallel plate is placed on the path of one wave of an interference pair, so the phase difference of the interference signals is a function of the plate and beam wavelength, and the interferometer is thus able to determine the wavelength shift of the incident beam. A setup constructed to realize the proposed interferometer is described, it shows that the interferometer has a resolution up to 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰ (λ²/nm), and the experimental results of applying this setup not only agree the validity of the interferometer but also indicate that the interferometer has a stability of 6.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ (λ²/nm).     

Interferometric precision measurements with Bose–Einstein condensate solitons formed by an optical lattice

We propose the precision measurement of both angular rotation and of the gradient magnetic of a field based on the use of matter wave interferometers with soliton states of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We consider the formation of these soliton states in a BEC with negative scattering length by an optical lattice produced by two counterpropagating laser beams. We determine the parameters of both the initial condensate and the optical radiation necessary for the formation of coherent solitons. We demonstrate that this interferometer can be used to measure magnetic field gradient with a precision of 10^-2 pT/cm. Our calculations show that the sensitivity of a gyroscope based on a ring, two-port matter wave interferometer can achieve 2.6×10^-7 rad s^-1. The precision of this method is more than ten times greater than in that of rotating interferometer with cooled atoms.     

Optimum entangled photon generated by micro-ring resonators for new-generation interferometry use

We first propose a concept of a new interferometric technique, where the ultra-narrow spectral width of light pulse generated by using the micro-ring resonators can be used to perform the ultra-high-resolution interferometer. Firstly, the SHG using micro-ring resonators is analyzed and described, Secondly, the increasing in optical path difference (OPD) depends on the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) width of the generated pulse is discussed. Finally, the optimum entangled photon visibility can be formed the quantum interferometer where the measurement resolution of 10⁻⁵-10⁻⁷ in term of birefringence is achieved. The use of such systems for quantum interferometer, high-resolution interferometer and surface characterization are described.     

Unbalanced nulling interferometer and precise wavefront control

A nulling interferometer was proposed to achieve direct detection of extra-solar planets (exoplanets) by suppressing light from the central star using a pair of telescopes. Recently, the stellar coronagraph method has shown rapid progress, which uses an extended concept of the nulling interferometer within single telescope optics. A dynamic range larger than 1 × 10⁹ for the detection of Earth-like exoplanets can be attained by reducing diffraction patterns using the nulling coronagraph, and by suppressing speckle noise using an adaptive optics with an accuracy of λ/10000 rms. An unbalanced nulling interferometer (UNI), which is used as fore-optics, improves the wavefront sensing sensitivity and compensation level of the adaptive optics by a factor of 10. Consequently, the dynamic range of the coronagraph can also be improved by two orders of magnitude. The UNI is composed of a modified coronagraph or a traditional interferometer and magnifies the aberrations of incoming wavefronts.     

Accuracy analysis of parallel plate interferometer for angular displacement measurement

The measurement accuracy of a parallel-plate interferometer for angular displacement measurement is analyzed. The measurement accuracy of angular displacement is not only related to the accuracy of phase extraction, but also related to initial incident angle, refraction index and thickness of plane-parallel plate as well as wavelength's stability of laser diode, etc. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation show that the measurement error of the angular displacement bears a minimum value when choosing an optimal initial incident angle in a large range. These analytical results serve as a guide in practical measurement. In this interferometer, reducing the refraction index or increasing the thickness of the parallel plate can improve the measurement accuracy; and the relative error of the phase measurement is 3.0×10⁻⁴ corresponding to 1 °C temperature variation. Based on these theoretical and experimental results, the measurement accuracy of the parallel-plate interferometer is up to an order of 10⁻⁸ rad.     

Relative beam misalignment errors in high accuracy displacement interferometers: calculation and detection

We consider the effects of misalignment in a two-beam interferometer resulting from lateral displacement as well as angular misalignment of the beams. Furthermore, a technique to determine such misalignments is discussed and examples of measurement strategies and expected performance are given. It is found that, when the waist of the beam used to illuminate the interferometer is larger than 0.7 mm (∼1000λ), such an approach allows alignment to be made resulting in a relative interferometric error smaller than 1×10⁻¹⁰ provided that the diffraction effect is fully accounted for.     

A high efficiency polarizing interferometer for the far infrared fourier-transform spectroscopy

Conclusion The new polarizing interferometer was constructed, in which all the radiation entering the interferometer can be utilized. From the experimental results in the atmosphere and for the water-vapour, it is seen that this spectrometer can work satisfactorily from 5 cm^–1 to 1/2d cm^–1. Comparison of the spectrun by this interferometer with one by the standard Michelson interferometer shows that the gain of luminosity is almost as expected. Grid with substrate causes the interference and produces the spectral response in the higher frequency region. Another configuration of two grids and two plane mirrors is proposed for the polarizing interferometer of high luminosity and of very simple design.     

A multiple-pass interferometer for electron and atom density measurements in shock tube plasmas

An eleven-pass, two-wavelength interferometer for density measurements within the ionisation relaxation region of rare-gas shock waves has been developed. The minimum detectable electron density is 1·10¹⁴ cm^?3. A method to calculate the electron temperature profile across the relaxation region from the measured density profiles is described.     

Laser interferometry of acoustic fields generated by high-current electron beams in solids

We have developed a method for detecting acoustic fields in solids irradiated with dense electron beams. The method is based on laser Michelson interferometry. The electron source is a high-current DZhIN electron accelerator. The detection system features a short baseline Michelson interferometer located inside the experimental chamber with the sample, a stabilized initial beam pathlength difference within the interferometer, high temporal resolution, an analog-to-digital converter with output to a personal computer, and a program for reducing the interferometer data. We can measure both long pulses with minimum displacements of 10⁻¹⁰ m and durations of 10⁻⁸ sec, and flexure waves with large-amplitude displacements of 10⁻⁵ m and oscillation periods of 10⁻³ sec. We present results from studies of flexure waves in thin plates and rods of copper, silicon, alkali-halide crystals, quartz glasses, and D16T aluminum alloy irradiated by nanosecond high-density electron beams. Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 11, pp. 82–92, November, 1997.     

Extension of the 106 samples Fourier spectrometry to the Indium Antimonide region: Vibration-rotation bands of 14N216O: 3.3–5.5 μm region

The high-information Fourier interferometer built at Laboratoire Aimé Cotton has been modified in order to extend the spectral range. It is now possible to record spectra in the Indium Antimonide region with an apodized resolution of 5 × 10^?3 cm^?1. Nitrous oxide vibration-rotation bands between 1800 and 3200 cm^?1 have been measured and analyzed and rotational constants for 33 bands have been calculated.