磁场诱导下Fe3S4向FeS2转化速率的增加

以FeCl₃和CH₄N₂S为主要原料，在0.2～0.4 T的外加磁场强度下，温度为170 ℃的反应体系中研究了磁场对前驱物Fe₃S₄转化成FeS₂过程的影响。结果表明，Fe₃S₄到FeS₂的转化率是与磁场强度有关的。Fe₃S₄的硫化过程可能是通过溶解-再结晶机理。外加磁场的存在可以促进物质的传输过程，从而加速前驱物的溶解和再结晶过程，导致和没有外加磁场相比Fe₃S₄到FeS₂的转化率的增加。     

The crystal structure determinations and refinements of K2S2O7, KNaS2O7 and Na2S2O7 from X-ray powder and single crystal diffraction data

The crystal structures of K₂S₂O₇, KNaS₂O₇ and Na₂S₂O₇ have been solved and/or refined from X-ray synchrotron powder diffraction data and conventional single-crystal data. K₂S₂O₇: From powder diffraction data, monoclinic C2/c, Z=4, a=12.3653(2), b=7.3122(1), , β=93.0792(7)°, R_Bragg=0.096. KNaS₂O₇: From powder diffraction data; triclinic , Z=2, a=5.90476(9), b=7.2008(1), , α=101.7074(9), β=90.6960(7), γ=94.2403(9)°, R_Bragg=0.075. Na₂S₂O₇: From single-crystal data; triclinic , Z=2, a=6.7702(9), b=6.7975(10), , α=116.779(2), β=96.089(3), γ=84.000(3)°, R_F=0.033. The disulphate anions are essentially eclipsed. All three structures can be described as dichromate-like, where the alkali cations coordinate oxygens of the isolated disulphate groups in three-dimensional networks. The K-O and Na-O coordinations were determined from electron density topology and coordination geometry. The three structures have a cation-disulphate chain in common. In K₂S₂O₇ and Na₂S₂O₇ the neighbouring chains are antiparallel, while in KNaS₂O₇ the chains are parallel. The differences between the K₂S₂O₇ and Na₂S₂O₇ structures, with double-, respectively single-sided chain connections and straight, respectively, corrugated structural layers can be understood in terms of the differences in size and coordinating ability of the cations.     

The magnetic structure of clinopyroxene-type LiFeGe2O6 and revised data on multiferroic LiFeSi2O6

The clinopyroxene compounds LiFeSi₂O₆ and LiFeGe₂O₆ have been investigated by constant wavelength neutron diffraction at low temperatures and by bulk magnetic measurements. Both compounds are monoclinic, space group P2₁/c and do not exhibit a change in nuclear symmetry down to 1.4 and 5 K respective. However, they transform to a magnetically ordered state below 20 K. LiFeSi₂O₆ shows a simple magnetic structure with no indication of an incommensurate modulation. The magnetic space group is P2₁/c′ and the structure is described by a ferromagnetic coupling of spins within the infinite M1 chains of edge-sharing octahedra, while the coupling between these M1 chains is antiferromagnetic. The magnetic phase transition is accompanied by magnetostriction of the lattice when passing through the magnetic phase transition. The magnetic structure of LiFeGe₂O₆ is different to the silicate: the space group is and the magnetic unit cell doubled along the a-direction. Within the M1 chains spins are coupled antiferromagnetically, while the chain to chain coupling is antiferromagnetic when coupling goes via the GeB tetrahedron and ferromagnetic when it goes via the GeA tetrahedron.     

Crystal structure of BaMg2Si2O7 and Eu luminescence

Crystal structure of BaMg₂Si₂O₇ was determined and refined by a combined powder X-ray and neutron Rietveld method (monoclinic, C2/c, no. 15, Z=8, a=7.24553(8) Å, b=12.71376(14) Å, c=13.74813(15) Å, β=90.2107(8)°, V=1266.44(2) Å³; R_p/R_wp=3.38%/4.77%). The structure contains a single crystallographic type of Ba atom coordinated to eight O atoms with C₁ (1) site symmetry. Under 325-nm excitation Ba_0.98Eu_0.02Mg₂Si₂O₇ exhibits an asymmetric emission band around 402 nm. The asymmetric shape of the emission band is likely associated with a small electron-phonon coupling in BaMg₂Si₂O₇. The integrated intensity of the emission band was observed to remain constant over the temperature range 4.2-300 K.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Sb2S3/Bi2S3 doped TiO2 from complex precursor via gel-hydrothermal treatment

Sb₂S₃/Bi₂S₃ doped TiO₂ were prepared with the coordination compounds [M(S₂CNEt)₃] (M=Sb, Bi; S₂CNEt=pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate) as precursors via gel-hydrothermal techniques. The doped TiO₂ were characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS and UV-vis diffuse reflectance means. The photocatalyst based on doped TiO₂ for photodecolorization of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was examined. The optimal Bi₂S₃/Sb₂S₃ content, pH and different doped techniques have been investigated. Photocatalytic tests reveal that M₂S₃ doped TiO₂ via the gel-hydrothermal route performs better photocatalytic activity for photodegradation reaction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP).     

Crystal structures and magnetic properties of CeAu4Si2 and CeAu2Si2

Single crystals of CeAu₄Si₂ and CeAu₂Si₂ have been grown out of ternary fluxes rich in Au, and the former, also by sintering the stoichiometric composition at 750 °C. The single-crystal X-ray refinement result for CeAu₄Si₂ is orthorhombic, Cmmm (No. 65, Z=2), different from a tetragonal result found from an X-ray powder diffraction refinement [H. Nakashima, et al., J. Alloys Compds. 424 (2006) 7]. For CeAu₂Si₂, this is the first report of the stoichiometric crystalline phase, in the known tetragonal I4/mmm structure. The anisotropic field- and temperature-dependent magnetizations, as well as specific heat and resistivity data are compared. Although both compounds have related structural packing, they present unique magnetic features. CeAu₂Si₂ is a typical antiferromagnet with T_N=8.8(1) K and CeAu₄Si₂ features a ferromagnetic component below T_c=3.3(1) K. Both phases have effective moments close in value to that of free Ce³⁺.     

Single-crystal synthesis and structure refinement of the LiCoO2-LiAlO2 solid-solution compounds: LiAl0.32Co0.68O2 and LiAl0.71Co0.29O2

Single crystals of the LiCoO₂-LiAlO₂ solid solution compounds LiAl_0.32Co_0.68O₂ and LiAl_0.71Co_0.29O₂ were synthesized by a flux method using alumina crucibles. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study confirmed the trigonal space group and the lattice parameters a=2.8056(11) Å, c=14.1079(15) Å, and c/a=5.028 for LiAl_0.32Co_0.68O₂, and a=2.8023(7) Å, c=14.184(4) Å, and c/a=5.061 for LiAl_0.71Co_0.29O₂. The crystal structures have been refined to the conventional values R=3.2% and wR=2.4% for LiAl_0.32Co_0.68O₂, and R=3.6% and wR=3.5% for LiAl_0.71Co_0.29O₂. The evidence of the location of Al atoms in the pseudotetragonal coordination (6c site), reported previously in LiAl_0.2Co_0.8O₂, could not be observed in the present electron density distribution maps in both LiAl_0.32Co_0.68O₂ and LiAl_0.71Co_0.29O₂. The octahedral distortion analysis indicated that the Al-substitution strongly affected the distortion of the LiO₆ octahedron in this solid-solution compound system, but hardly affected that of the (Al.Co)O₆ octahedron.     

溶剂热法制备Bi2S3纳米材料

0引言纳米材料具有特殊的结构和性能,可广泛应用于化学、物理学、电子学、光学、机械和生物医药学等领域[1￣5]。其中一维或准一维纳米结构体系或纳米材料的研究既是研究其它低维材料的基础,又与纳米电子器件及微型传感器密切相关,是近年来国内外研究的前沿[6￣9]。近年来,人们虽然做了许多尝试来制备一维纳米结构材料,但合成这类材料特别是合成半导体一维纳米材料仍然是一个巨大的挑战。随着维数的减小,半导体材料的电子能态发生变化,其光、电、声、磁等方面性能与常规体材料相比有着显著的不同[10￣12]。Bi2S3是一种重要的半导体材料,受…     

水热法制备Sb2S3纳米棒有序阵列

以Sb(S₂CNEt₂)₃为单源前驱体，通过改变时间、温度、表面活性剂等反应条件，用水热法成功合成了各种尺寸的Sb₂S₃纳米棒及其有序阵列。X-射线衍射(XRD)、能量分散光谱(EDS)以及选区电子衍射(SAED)研究表明纳米棒由正交晶系Sb₂S₃单晶构成。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究显示Sb₂S     

Ferromagnetic ordering in ThSi2 type CeAu0.28Ge1.72

The compound CeAu_0.28Ge_1.72 crystallizes in the ThSi₂ structure type in the tetragonal space group I4₁/amd with lattice parameters a=b=4.2415(6) Å c=14.640(3) Å. CeAu_0.28Ge_1.72 is a polar intermetallic compound having a three-dimensional Ge/Au polyanion sub-network filled with Ce atoms. The magnetic susceptibility data show Curie-Weiss law behavior above 50 K. The compound orders ferromagnetically at ∼8 K with estimated magnetic moment of 2.48 μ_B/Ce. The ferromagnetic ordering is confirmed by the heat capacity data which show a rise at ∼8 K. The electronic specific heat coefficient (γ) value obtained from the paramagnetic temperature range 15-25 K is∼124(5) mJ/ mol K². The entropy change due to the ferromagnetic transition is ∼4.2 J/mol K which is appreciably reduced compared to the value of R ln(2) expected for a crystal-field-split doublet ground state and/or Kondo exchange interactions.     

表面活性剂控制合成不同形貌的纳米硫化铋

采用硝酸铋和硫脲为反应物,通过添加不同的表面活性剂如Triton X-100+OP-10、TX-10、Triton X-100,用回流法合成了硫化铋纳米花。所得产物用XRD、EDS、TEM、SAED、SEM以及UV-Vis进行了表征。结果表明,经85～110 ℃回流反应3 h,可以得到结晶良好、具有各种形貌的正交晶相的硫化铋纳米花。经计算,其晶胞参数为a=0.439 34 nm, b=0.965 64 nm, c=1.118 5 nm。UV-Vis分析表明,硫化铋     

Magnetic and Mössbauer Study of the Novel FeIn2S2Se2 Layered Compound

The magnetic properties of the new polymorphic FeIn₂S₂Se₂ compound are presented. The system crystallizes in the α-FeGa₂S₄ structure at low temperatures, and undergoes a transition to a MgAl₂S₄-type structure at T>850°C. For this high-temperature phase, low-field magnetization data show a peak at T₁=12.5(5) K, below which magnetic irreversibility is observed. High-temperature susceptibility fits indicate the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions with a high degree of frustration. The effective magnetic moment μ_eff=4.54(3) μ_B agrees with the expected 3d⁶ (S=2) configuration for Fe²⁺. Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that Fe²⁺ ions are distributed in tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites with a B:A≈1 ratio. The ac susceptibility data were analyzed according to conventional power law dynamics, giving a freezing temperature T_g=12.5(2) K and critical exponent zν=6.5±1, in agreement with Monte Carlo simulations for 3D short-range Ising spin-glass systems.     

Bi2S3/CdSe共修饰TiO2纳米管膜的构建及其光电化学阴极保护效应

为获得良好光电化学性能的TiO₂半导体复合膜,采用Bi₂S₃和CdSe对TiO₂纳米管膜进行共修饰。以阳极氧化法在Ti表面先制备TiO₂纳米管膜,再通过恒电流电沉积和连续离子层吸附反应在纳米管表面依次沉积CdSe和Bi₂S₃,构建了具有级联能带结构的Bi₂S₃/CdSe共修饰的TiO₂纳米管复合膜。结果表明,Bi₂S₃/CdSe/TiO₂纳米管复合膜对可见光吸收显著增强,光电化学性能大幅度提高。白光照射下,复合膜的光电流密度为670μA·cm^-2,达到了纯TiO₂纳米管膜的17.6倍。Bi₂S₃/CdSe/TiO₂复合膜作为光阳极可使0.5 mol·L^-1 NaCl溶液中的4...     

ZnIn_2S_4的制备及其表面活性剂辅助的形貌控制生长

采用湿化学合成路线以巯基乙酸为包覆剂,水为溶剂制备了六方相ZnIn2S4。应用能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光谱对产物的组成、结构、形貌和光学性质进行了表征。结果表明,所得到的ZnIn2S4具有层状形貌。这些层状物是由ZnIn2S4纳米粒子前驱体在热处理过程中聚集生长而成的。另外,以ZnIn2S4纳米粒子前驱体为起始原料,借助表面活性剂的导向作用在固/液界面成功地实现了ZnIn2S4的形貌控制生长,得到了具有棒状、棒簇状、管簇状形貌的ZnIn2S4。根据实验结果,初步讨论了可能的表面活性剂辅助的ZnIn2S4形貌控制生长的机制。     

Crystallographic and magnetic characterisation of the brownmillerite Sr2Co2O5

Sr₂Co₂O₅ with the perovskite-related brownmillerite structure has been synthesised via quenching, with the orthorhombic unit cell parameters a=5.4639(3) Å, b=15.6486(8) Å and c=5.5667(3) Å based on refinement of neutron powder diffraction data collected at 4 K. Electron microscopy revealed L-R-L-R-intralayer ordering of chain orientations, which require a doubling of the unit cell along the c-parameter, consistent with the assignment of the space group Pcmb. However, on the length scale pertinent to NPD, no long-range order is observed and the disordered space group Imma appears more appropriate. The magnetic structure corresponds to G-type order with a moment of 3.00(4) μ_B directed along [1 0 0].     

微波水热辅助电沉积法制备Bi_2S_3薄膜

采用微波水热辅助电沉积法在ITO导电玻璃表面制备了形貌均匀具有纳米棒、纳米板状结构的Bi2S3薄膜。利用XRD、XPS、场发射扫描显微镜(FESEM)、TEM和UV-Vis-NearIR对薄膜的结构、形貌、光学性能进行了表征。结果显示微波水热辅助电沉积法制备的Bi2S3薄膜具有良好的结晶性能;随着微波水热温度的提高,所制备Bi2S3薄膜的结晶性能先增强后降低,合适的温度是130℃。与电沉积法制得薄膜相比,采用微波水热辅助电沉积法制得Bi2S3薄膜的禁带宽度由1.44eV增加到1.84eV。     

EuZn2Si2 and EuZn2Ge2 Grown from Zn or Ga(ln)/Zn Flux

Single crystals of the novel ternary compounds EuZn₂Si₂ and EuZn₂Ge₂ were grown from pure gallium, indium, or zinc metal used as a flux solvent. Crystal properties were characterized using X-ray single-crystal analyses via Gandolfi and Weissenberg film techniques and by four-circle X-ray single-crystal diffractometry. The new compounds crystallize with ternary derivative structures of BaAl₄, i.e., EuZn₂Si₂ with ThCr₂Si₂-type (a=0.42607(2) nm, c=1.03956(5) nm, I4/mmm, R₁=0.038) and EuZn₂Ge₂ with CaBe₂Ge₂-type (a=0.43095(2) nm, c=1.07926(6) nm, P4/nmm, R₁=0.067). XAS and magnetic measurements on EuZn₂Si₂ and EuZn₂Ge₂ revealed in both compounds the presence of Eu²⁺ ions carrying large magnetic moments, which order magnetically at low temperatures. The magnetic phase transition occurs at T_N=16 and 7.5 K for the silicide and the germanide, respectively. In EuZn₂Si₂ there occurs a spin reorientation at 13 K and furthermore some canting of antiferromagnetically ordered moments below about 10 K. In EuZn₂Ge₂ a canted antiferromagnetic structure is formed just at T_N.     

Crystal and magnetic structures of the brownmillerite compound Ca2Fe1.039(8)Mn0.962(8)O5

The crystal and magnetic structures of the brownmillerite material, Ca₂Fe_1.039(8)Mn_0.962(8)O₅ were investigated using powder X-ray and neutron diffraction methods, the latter from 3.8 to 700 K. The compound crystallizes in Pnma space group with unit cell parameters of a=5.3055(5) Å, b=15.322(2) Å, c=5.4587(6) Å at 300 K. The neutron diffraction study revealed the occupancies of Fe³⁺ and Mn³⁺ ions in both octahedral and tetrahedral sites and showed some intersite mixing and a small, ∼4%, Fe excess. While bulk magnetization data were inconclusive, variable temperature neutron diffraction measurements showed the magnetic transition temperature to be 407(2) K below which a long range antiferromagnetic ordering of spins occurs with ordering wave vector k=(000). The spins of each ion are coupled antiferromagnetically with the nearest neighbors within the same layer and coupled antiparallel to the closest ions from the neighboring layer. This combination of intra- and inter-layer antiparallel arrangement of spins forms a G-type magnetic structure. The ordered moments on the octahedral and tetrahedral sites at 3.8 K are 3.64(16) and 4.23(16) μ_B, respectively.     

Synthesis and properties of the double perovskites La2NiVO6, La2CoVO6, and La2CoTiO6

The double perovskites La₂CoVO₆, La₂CoTiO₆, and La₂NiVO₆, are described. Rietveld fitting of neutron and powder X-ray diffraction data show La₂NiVO₆ and La₂CoVO₆ to have a disordered arrangement of B-cations whereas La₂CoTiO₆ shows ordering of the B-cations (with ∼5% Co/Ti inversion). Curie-Weiss fits to the linear region of the 1/χ plots reveal Weiss temperatures of −107, −34.8, and 16.3 K for La₂CoVO₆, La₂CoTiO₆, and La₂NiVO₆, respectively, and magnetic transitions are observed. La₂CoTiO₆ prepared by our method differs from material prepared by lower-temperature routes. A simple antiferromagnetic spin model is consistent with the data for La₂CoTiO₆. These compounds are semiconductors with bandgaps of 0.41 (La₂CoVO₆), 1.02 (La₂CoTiO₆) and 0.45 eV (La₂NiVO₆).     

On the microstructure and symmetry of apparently hexagonal BaAl2O4

The P6₃ (a=2a_p, b=2b_p, c=c_p) crystal structure reported for BaAl₂O₄ at room temperature has been carefully re-investigated by a combined transmission electron microscopy and neutron powder diffraction study. It is shown that the poor fit of this P6₃ (a=2a_p, b=2b_p, c=c_p) structure model for BaAl₂O₄ to neutron powder diffraction data is primarily due to the failure to take into account coherent scattering between different domains related by enantiomorphic twinning of the P6₃22 parent sub-structure. Fast Fourier transformation of [0 0 1] lattice images from small localized real space regions (∼10 nm in diameter) are used to show that the P6₃ (a=2a_p, b=2b_p, c=c_p) crystal structure reported for BaAl₂O₄ is not correct on the local scale. The correct local symmetry of the very small nano-domains is most likely orthorhombic or monoclinic.