Comparison between train noise and road noise annoyance during sleep

Sleep disturbance by train and road noises was studied through in situ physiological recordings on two groups of people submitted to both types of exposure. At different sites acoustical parameters do not influence sleep in the same way. In a quiet place, emergence is an important factor of disturbance, but in a noisy place, noise duration and peak level are acting with interaction to disturb sleep.     

Construction noise standards and the draft Singapore code

A code of practice for the control of noise from construction and demolition sites in Singapore has been proposed. Based on a British Standard, but with some significant deviations, the Code has been proposed by the Technical Committee, under the direction of the Building and Construction Industry Standards Committee, of the Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, in response to growing public concern over the noise problem caused at the construction and demolition sites springing up all over the country. The country's warm climate, necessitating open windows, and its generally built up nature, have contributed to the seriousness of the situation. This paper looks at some of the areas highlighted in the proposed new code.     

Comparison of models to predict annoyance from combined noise in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi

Seven models were compared in terms of the ability to predict the annoyance due to the combination of aircraft and road traffic noises on the basis of data collected around airports in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, Vietnam. The 24-h average sound levels L_Aeq,24h and unweighted means of annoyance scores for aircraft, road traffic, and combined noise were used to solve the regression equations for the seven models. The results indicate that road traffic noise exposure and annoyance were more than those of aircraft noise at almost all sites in both Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. Among the considered models, the dominant source model yielded the highest coefficients of determination, with R² values of 0.82 and 0.90 for surveys in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, respectively. These results suggest that the dominant source model is the most useful model in the vicinity of those airports in Vietnam where road traffic noise is more dominant than aircraft noise. This is convenient for situations in which dose-response curves are established separately for different noise sources.     

脉动喷注噪声与稳态喷注噪声的关系

在假设气流脉动基本不影响湍流性质的基础上,求得了脉动喷注噪声的声压级公式(90°方向,1m远)。稳态喷注噪声的声压级,相当于脉动频率为零的特例,从而将脉动喷注噪声和稳态喷注噪声统一了起来,实验结果与理论符合。     

The correlation between intrinsic noise and extrinsic noise

The correlation between intrinsic noise and extrinsic noise in a stochastic system is reviewed in this paper. And the contribution of the correlation between intrinsic noise and extrinsic noise to the power spectrum is quantified by simulation through a model in a stochastic system. In addition, the effects of the correlations between intrinsic noise and extrinsic noise to the power spectrum are analyzed clearly. Finally, it is shown that our results can be used to describe the transmission of the noise in modules in more complex stochastic systems.     

Road traffic noise - the relationship between noise exposure and noise annoyance in Norway

Exposure-effect relationships between the level of road traffic noise at the most exposed side of a dwelling's façade and the residents' reactions to road traffic noise have been estimated. The relationships are based on five Norwegian socio-acoustic studies featuring 18 study areas from two cities and a total of near 4000 respondents. The survey questionnaires distinguish between noise annoyance experienced right outside the apartment and when indoors. Exposure-effect relationships for all degrees of annoyance are estimated simultaneously from ordinal logit models. These predict road traffic noise annoyance when right outside the apartment and when indoors, respectively, as a function of the road traffic noise level outside the most exposed façade. Separate analyses indicate that Norwegians react stronger to road traffic noise than results from a recent compilation of socio-acoustic surveys would lead one to believe. People having inferior single glazing windows report higher indoor annoyance.     

Review of legislation and test standards relating to construction site noise

The aim of this paper is to provide a general review of legislation and test standards relating to construction noise, covering both the emission and immission standards. The paper covers the EEC council directives, ISO standards, and legislation and standards in the UK, the USA, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark, Norway and Japan. Furthermore, the paper describes the background and development of legislation within the UK relating to construction site noise.     

Relationship between exposure to multiple noise sources and noise annoyance

Relationships between exposure to noise [metric: day-night level (DNL) or day-evening-night level (DENL)] from a single source (aircraft, road traffic, or railways) and annoyance based on a large international dataset have been published earlier. Also for stationary sources relationships have been assessed. Here the annoyance equivalents model concerning noise annoyance from combined sources and the underlying assumptions are presented. The model first translates the noise from the individual sources into the equally annoying sound levels of a reference source, road traffic, and then sums these levels giving total level L. The annoyance from the combined sources is found by substituting exposure L in the road traffic exposure-annoyance relationship. The most important assumption, independence of the contributions of the sources, is discussed. It appears that independence will be violated substantially only due to the effect of the presence or absence of a quiet side of building which is not incorporated in the model. For use in practice the application of the model is broken down in five steps. The step by step procedure can be used for the assessment of the total noise level and the associated total annoyance on the basis of the DNL or DENL values of the individual sources.     

To old and new PDF and PFF

A short review of problems with parton distribution functions in nucleons, non-polarized and polarized, is given. The main part is devoted to the T-odd Collins fragmentation function and to the proton transversity distribution its possible measurements and its first experimental probe via spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive DIS. It is argued that the proton transversity distribution is close to the prediction of chiral quark soliton model could be successfully measured in future DIS experiments with longitudinally polarized target and the Collins analyzing power is linearly growing with z.     

Exposure-effect relationships between road traffic noise annoyance and noise cost valuations in Valladolid, Spain

Environmental noise can produce negative effects on people’s health since it interferes with basic activities such as sleeping, resting, studying and communicating. These effects depend not only on the physical characteristics of the noise itself, but also on parameters associated to each person and each environment. It is thus important to study noise pollution from a quantitative point of view as well as a from the point of view of the annoyance that it produces in the population.We have conducted a social survey aiming to identify the main sound sources, evaluate the annoyance and analyse the main effects of noise on people. The survey was distributed to a sample of people living approximately in the corners of an imaginary 250 m grid placed over the map of the city of Valladolid (Spain). The same corners were used to perform in situ measurements for a noise city map.There are two main purposes for this research work: (1) we want to compare the objective noise measurements to the annoyance reported by the people in order to find some kind of dose-effect relationship, and (2) we want to analyse how the population of Valladolid evaluates noise reduction from an economical and social point of view.     

Community response to aircraft noise in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi

To formulate Vietnamese and global noise policies, social surveys on community response to aircraft noise and combined noise from aircraft and road traffic were carried out in Ho Chi Minh City from August to September 2008 and in Hanoi from August to September 2009. In total, 1562 and 1397 responses were obtained in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, respectively. The aircraft noise was measured for seven successive days, and the combined noise was measured for 24 h. Aircraft and combined noise exposures ranged from 53 to 71 dB and 73 to 83 dB L_den in Ho Chi Minh City and from 48 to 61 dB and 70 to 82 dB L_den in Hanoi, respectively. The dose–response curve for aircraft noise for Vietnam was established and fitted onto the curve for the European Union. For the same noise exposure, the aircraft noise annoyance in Hanoi was higher than that in Ho Chi Minh City because of the lower background noise level in Hanoi.     

我国机场噪声评价量与噪声影响的定量关系

本文对我国机场航空噪声评价量LWECPN(计权等效连续感觉噪声级)与国外常用的评价量LDN(昼夜等效声级)的内涵进行了分析，导出了两者之间的关系，并借助这一关系和国外研究成果得到了机场周边社区人群中受到航空噪声强烈干扰的人数比例与LWECPN的关系式。     

Community responses to road traffic noise in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City

Vietnam is a developing country in southeast Asia, and its environment has been seriously affected by industrialization and urbanization. In large cities like Hanoi (northern Vietnam) and Ho Chi Minh City (southern Vietnam), noise emission from road traffic has been found to be a serious concern among general public. In 2005 and 2007, two large-scale socio-acoustic surveys of community response to road traffic noise were conducted to investigate human reactions to road traffic noise in these cities; the sample sizes were 1503 people in Hanoi and 1471 in Ho Chi Minh City. The noise exposure levels (L_den) were 70–83 dB in Hanoi and 75–83 dB in Ho Chi Minh City. Noise annoyance was estimated using standardized annoyance scales. For both cities, dose–response relationships were established between L_den and the percentage of highly annoyed respondents. Compared to annoyance responses of European people, Vietnamese were less annoyed by road traffic noise by about 5 dB. Hanoi respondents seemed to be more annoyed by noise than Ho Chi Minh City respondents. Conversation and sleep disturbances were not as serious as expected in either city. Furthermore, window orientation in the home was found to affect activity disturbances.