汉语语句重音对音高和音长的影响

提高汉语合成语音的自然度的关键是要建立一个完善的汉语韵律模型.本文以连续的广播语言为研究对象,对汉语中语句重音对韵律特征参数的影响进行了初步探讨,分析了不同语句重音条件下音长和音高的变化及其相互关系,指出:(1)音高是语句重音的基本表达手段,随着语句重音级别的提高,音高分布曲线向高频方向推移。(2)在连续语流中词被\     

The influence of stress in solid-solid interdiffusion

The causes and importance of mechanical stress in solid-solid interdiffusion are discussed, and it is pointed out that analogous phenomena have been observed in corrosion studies. This suggests a number of experiments which could be carried out during thin film interdiffusion, for example on semiconductors.     

The influence of the electrostatic stress on cell proliferation in plants

The putative mutagen effect of the direct current discharge—often occurring in the natural environment of cultivated and spontaneous plant populations—was studied. The electric exposure was carried out on freshly germinated seeds, meristematic tissue samples being further investigated by cytogenetic means. The pharmaceutical plant species Echinacea purpurea was chosen due to its recent re-consideration as preventive and curative treatment for the human immune system. The cellular proliferation and the chromosomal aberrations in the somatic cells of the plantlet roots have been analyzed. The atmospheric electric exposure was simulated using a homemade device, various numbers of electric pulses—from 5 to 40—with amplitudes of 15 kV being tested. Slight stimulation of the mitotic index was noticed as well as various types of chromosomal aberrations (e.g., retard chromosomes, microuclei and chromosome bridges), which suggested that the electrostatic stress could cause genetic changes in the exposed plants during their early ontogenetic stages.     

Voice field measurements—a new method of examination: the influence of hearing on the human voice

There are various methods to evaluate voice parameters. Original software was used to assess the voice quality by the staff of AUDIO-Fon centr Brno, Czech Republic. A group of hereditary deaf persons was examined. Deaf persons have all of the biological conditions to make voice except for the possibility of acoustic feedback. We examined the voices of 35 persons (20 men and 15 women) with hereditary profound hearing impairments, and we compared voice parameters with the voice of intact persons. To measure we used special software called voice field measurements (VFMs). The program graphically records voice frequency and intensity. VFM is an objective method that enables the assessment of basic physical voice characteristics. It is suitable for the examination of both intact and disturbed voice. The voice of the deaf has a higher basic voice frequency in men as well as in women. This type of voice production, ie, childlike voice, which is fixed only by a motor stereotype, is much more demanding for a mature larynx. Hearing influences both the voice development and speech production. The voice of persons with hearing impairments has a higher basic voice frequency regardless of their sex. This type of voice production, which is fixed only by a motor stereotype, ie, child voice, is much more demanding for a larynx of an adult. Thus, phonation of deaf people is more demanding and their voice production needs greater effort. Deaf people, despite an intact phonic apparatus, cannot produce more than one type of voice. They cannot modulate their voices concerning the frequency and dynamics. They cannot change their voices continually. The voice is limited in both of these parameters (frequency and dynamics). If a deaf person wants to change a voice characteristic, it is possible only by discontinuous changes-"skipping."     

The study of the influence of uniaxial stress on impurity complexes in silicon

The influence of external uniaxial stress on the different indium-donor complexes in silicon has been studied using the perturbed γ –γ angular correlation (PAC) method. Such effect of an applied stress is detected by means of the probe atoms situated at different complexes in the sample. The current results showed that the responses of the probes in an extrinsic silicon samples are found to be dissimilar for the same value of stress. Such change in the local environments of the probe atoms could be associated with the various strain field created by the implantations of varied size of impurities. The phosphorous implantation in silicon has even lead to the complete absence of observable effect of the applied stress suggesting significant lose of the elasticity of the sample.     

The influence of external tensile stress on surface elastic waves on piezoelectric ceramic plates

Experimental results on the output voltage via a propagating surface elastic wave and the convolution output of two oppositely propagating surface elastic waves on a piezoelectric ceramic plate are described as a function of external tensile stress. The convolution output increases with the cummulative load, while the output voltage via the surface elastic wave decreases. The variation of the output voltage is considered to be due to the change in nonlinearity that arises from the external load.     

The influence op demagnetization,anisotropy and stress on the resonance condition of spin-wave resonance

Spin-wave resonance equations of motion, based on Valenta's model of a thin film, are derived on the basis of quantum mechanics. We start out from the Hamiltonian including Zeeman, exchange and dipolar interaction. Phenomenological terms respecting the influence of anisotropy and stress are introduced into the equations of motion and the resonance condition is derived. The influence of the above effects on the resonance condition is discussed and a comparison is made with experiment.

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The influence of age and high-frequency hearing loss on sensitivity to temporal fine structure at low frequencies (L)

Sensitivity to temporal fine structure (TFS) at low frequencies may be adversely affected by hearing loss at high frequencies even when absolute thresholds at low frequencies are within the normal range. However, in several studies suggesting this, the effects of hearing loss and age were confounded. Here, interaural phase discrimination (IPD) thresholds for pure tones at 500 and 750 Hz were measured for 39 subjects with ages from 61 to 83 yr. All subjects had near-normal audiometric thresholds at low frequencies, but thresholds varied across subjects at high frequencies. IPD thresholds were correlated with age. IPD thresholds for the test frequency of 750 Hz were weakly correlated with absolute thresholds at high frequencies, but these correlations became non-significant when the effect of age was partialed out. The results do not confirm that sensitivity to TFS at low frequencies is influenced by hearing loss at high frequencies, independently of age.     

The influence of surface effect on vibration behaviors of carbon nanotubes under initial stress

An analytical method is presented to solve the influence of surface effect on non-coaxial resonance of multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in matrix utilizing laminated structures model. Due to coupled van der Waals forces between adjacent tubes and surface effect exerted carbon nanotubes, the resonance frequencies and amplitude ratios of multi-walled carbon nanotubes under initial stresses show that the resonant characteristics of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes become complex and the numbers of vibrational modes do not keep increase under identical conditions after considering surface effects. The result obtained can be used as a beneficial reference for investigating the electronic and physical behaviors of carbon nanotubes.     

The influence internal stress relaxation on the induction effect of shrinkage in oriented polycarbonate

The measurements of time-dependent thermally stimulated shrinkage forces were employed for investigating the initial stages of shrinkage in oriented and aged polycarbonate (PC). It was found that the observed induction effect results from the high localization of shrinkage processes and that it significantly depends on thermal history of oriented samples. The activation energy of shrinkage, derived on the basis of a simple mechanical model, remains approximately constant during the aging process, indicating that the major effect of aging is confined to the gradual relaxation of internal stresses “frozen-in” after the deformation. A simple relation t₀/t_a ^0.64 = const was found between the induction time t₀ and aging time t_a of oriented PC.     

The influence of tensile stress on grain and cell boundary precipitation in supersaturated Al-Zn alloys during creep

The results are presented of the optical microscopic and X-ray diffraction study of the stress-induced nucleation and growth of (Zn) precipitates at grain and cell boundaries (GB's and CB's) during uniaxial creep at 200 °C of supersaturated AlZn20 and AlZn30 alloys. The rate of precipitation is increased mainly owing to the modifying effect of tensile stress on diffusion processes in alloy samples during their anneal. The diffusion of Zn atoms toward GB's and CB's from adjacent regions of grains is accompanied during creep by diffusive flux of Zn along boundaries parallel or nearly parallel to the tensile creep axis toward boundaries with near to normal orientation to that axis. Enhanced precipitation of results then preferentially at the latter and is supressed at the former boundaries where even the dissolution of preexisting has been found during a later application of tensile stress. The stress-induced precipitation of at GB's gradually ceases with prolonged creep exposures due to the lengthening of duffusion paths of Zn atoms from grain interior to GB's.Dissolution of lamellae by their regress toward GB's and CB's is assisted with the stress-induced diffusion of Zn along epitaxial / lamellar interfaces. Copious precipitation of at the parts of GB's and/or CB's with near to normal orientation to the creep axis is then observed on account of Zn from dissolved lamellae. Creep strain also leads to the fragmentation of lamellae and thus also to breaking down of the paths for diffusion of Zn along / interfaces. Spheroidization of fragmented parts of lamellae is then observed. Spheroids of remain embedded within the former lamellar regions.Large creep strains and high strain rates observed on fine-grained alloy samples may be associated with an enhanced viscous GB sliding due to the stress-dependent flow of Zn along GB's and/or CB's.     

Internal stress influence on the coercivity of FeCuNbSiB thin films

Thin films of Finemet-type alloy with thickness varying from 50 to 1000 nm have been deposited by RF sputtering and annealed at temperature ranging from 150 to 450 °C. Their magnetic and structural properties have been characterized using alternating gradient field magnetometry and X-ray diffraction. In addition, the stress in the films has been measured as a function of temperature from the curvature of the wafers using a laser scanning technique.The coercive field of the films first decreases with annealing temperature due to stress relaxation, and then increases again when crystallisation begins. The optimal annealing conditions comprises between the glass transition and the crystallisation temperature.Its is observed that the coercivity of the as-deposited material is continuously decreasing as the thickness increases, following an inverse square root dependence, in relation with the stress-induced magneto-elastic contribution to the total anisotropy. By opposition, it has been found that the coercive field of devitrified and totally relaxed films is inversely proportional to film thickness. In order to explain this evolution, a model is proposed, based on random anisotropy considerations applied to thin films in which the anisotropy was considered localised in the dimension of thickness.     

Unforgettable film music: The role of emotion in episodic long-term memory for music

Background  

Specific pieces of music can elicit strong emotions in listeners and, possibly in connection with these emotions, can be remembered even years later. However, episodic memory for emotional music compared with less emotional music has not yet been examined. We investigated whether emotional music is remembered better than less emotional music. Also, we examined the influence of musical structure on memory performance.     

电影音乐录音中的电平控制

声音信号的重要计量值为 VU 值和峰值,它们分别直观反映声音强度及失真情况。为了透彻分析和阐述电影音乐节目制作系统的特性,该文通过实验的方法,测量了大量乐器在典型演奏法下的 VU值和峰值。进而通过实验数据的结果,做出 P/VU概率分布曲线。各音乐信号的 P/VU分布情况决定了系统的电平储备,掌握此结论非常有助于进行电影音乐节目制作过程中的电平控制。     

The influence of the shape of load stress pulses on the course of plastic deformation of crystalline materials

The present paper deals with the derivation of the relationship between the course of macroscopic deformation and the dynamic properties of dislocation in loading material with stress pulses of general shape, and duration in tens of microseconds. On the basis of the obtained relationships, the correctness of the definition of the yield point under these conditions of loading, suggested previously (Czech. J. Phys.B 20 (1970), 776) on the basis of the analysis of the phenomenon of delayed deformation at elevated loading rates, is demonstrated.In the calculation we proceed, on the one hand, from the relation for the dislocation rate proposed by J. J. Gilman= exp(-D/) and, on the other hand, the damping mechanism of a viscous type, where=b/B.In both cases the correctness of the suggested definition is shown. The results of the theoretical analysis agree with the hitherto known experimental results.