A continuity method for sweeping processes

We show that the existence and uniqueness of BV continuous sweeping processes can be easily reduced to the Lipschitz continuous case by means of a suitable reparametrization of the associated moving convex set. Moreover we put this approach in the wider framework of rate independent operators acting on curves in metric spaces and we prove an extension theorem for such operators. This abstract theorem is then applied in order to infer continuous dependence of the sweeping process on the data.     

Maurer–Cartan forms and the structure of Lie pseudo-groups

This paper begins a series devoted to developing a general and practical theory of moving frames for infinite-dimensional Lie pseudo-groups. In this first, preparatory part, we present a new, direct approach to the construction of invariant Maurer–Cartan forms and the Cartan structure equations for a pseudo-group. Our approach is completely explicit and avoids reliance on the theory of exterior differential systems and prolongation. The second paper [60] will apply these constructions in order to develop the moving frame algorithm for the action of the pseudo-group on submanifolds. The third paper [61] will apply Gr?bner basis methods to prove a fundamental theorem on the freeness of pseudo-group actions on jet bundles, and a constructive version of the finiteness theorem of Tresse and Kumpera for generating systems of differential invariants and also their syzygies. Applications of the moving frame method include practical algorithms for constructing complete systems of differential invariants and invariant differential forms, classifying their syzygies and recurrence relations, analyzing invariant variational principles, and solving equivalence and symmetry problems arising in geometry and physics.     

Lagrangian submanifolds in complex projective space CP n

We first prove a basic theorem with respect to the moving frame along a Lagrangian immersion into the complex projective space CP ⁿ . Applying this theorem, we study the rigidity problem of Lagrangian submanifolds in CP ⁿ .     

Global observer design for nonlinear systems

This paper is a geometric study of the global observer design for nonlinear systems. Using the theory of foliations, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for global exponential observers for nonlinear systems under some assumptions. Our proof for these necessary and sufficient conditions for global exponential observers if via defining two equivalence relations known as horizontal and vertical equivalence relations, and constructing two foliations known as horizontal and vertical foliations from these equivalence relations. Finally, as a corollary of our global theorem, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for local exponential observers of critically Lyapunov stable nonlinear systems.     

Completeness in quasi-metric spaces and Ekeland Variational Principle

In this paper we prove a quasi-metric version of Ekeland Variational Principle and study its connections with the completeness properties of the underlying quasi-metric space. The equivalence with Caristi-Kirk?s fixed point theorem and a proof of Clarke?s fixed point theorem for directional contractions within this framework are also considered.     

Systems of convolution equations of the first and second kind on a finite interval and factorization of matrix-functions

Systems of n convolution equations of the first and second kind on a finite interval are reduced to a Riemann boundary value problem for a vector function of length 2n. We prove a theorem about the equivalence of the Riemann problem and the initial system. Sufficient conditions are obtained for the well-posedness of a system of the second kind. Also under study is the case of the periodic kernel of the integral operator of a system of the first and second kind.     

Covering theory for complexes of groups

We develop an explicit covering theory for complexes of groups, parallel to that developed for graphs of groups by Bass. Given a covering of developable complexes of groups, we construct the induced monomorphism of fundamental groups and isometry of universal covers. We characterize faithful complexes of groups and prove a conjugacy theorem for groups acting freely on polyhedral complexes. We also define an equivalence relation on coverings of complexes of groups, which allows us to construct a bijection between such equivalence classes, and subgroups or overgroups of a fixed lattice Γ in the automorphism group of a locally finite polyhedral complex X.     

s-homotopy for finite graphs

We introduce the notion of “s-dismantlability” which will give in the category of finite graphs an analogue of formal deformations defining the simple-homotopy type in the category of finite simplicial complexes. More precisely, s-dismantlability allows us to define an equivalence relation whose equivalence classes are called “s-homotopy types” and we get a correspondence between s-homotopy types in the category of graphs and simple-homotopy types in the category of simplicial complexes by the way of classical functors between these two categories (theorem 3.6). Next, we relate these results to similar results obtained by Barmak and Minian (2006) within the framework of posets (theorem 4.2).     

Some generalizations of Fedorchuk duality theorem—I

Generalizing duality theorem of V.V. Fedorchuk [V.V. Fedorchuk, Boolean δ-algebras and quasi-open mappings, Sibirsk. Mat. Zh. 14 (5) (1973) 1088-1099; English translation: Siberian Math. J. 14 (1973) 759-767 (1974)], we prove Stone-type duality theorems for the following four categories: the objects of all of them are the locally compact Hausdorff spaces, and their morphisms are, respectively, the continuous skeletal maps, the quasi-open perfect maps, the open maps, the open perfect maps. In particular, a Stone-type duality theorem for the category of compact Hausdorff spaces and open maps is obtained. Some equivalence theorems for these four categories are stated as well; two of them generalize the Fedorchuk equivalence theorem [V.V. Fedorchuk, Boolean δ-algebras and quasi-open mappings, Sibirsk. Mat. Zh. 14 (5) (1973) 1088-1099; English translation: Siberian Math. J. 14 (1973) 759-767 (1974)].     

Liouville Type Theorems for PDE and IE Systems Involving Fractional Laplacian on a Half Space

In this paper, let α be any real number between 0 and 2, we study the Dirichlet problem for semi-linear elliptic system involving the fractional Laplacian:

$$\left \{\begin {array}{l} (-{\Delta })^{\alpha /2}u(x)=v^{q}(x),\ \ \ x\in \mathbb {R}^{n}_{+},\\ (-{\Delta })^{\alpha /2}v(x)=u^{p}(x),\ \ \ x\in \mathbb {R}^{n}_{+},\\ u(x)=v(x)=0,\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ x\notin \mathbb {R}^{n}_{+}. \end {array}\right .\label {elliptic} $$

(1)

We will first establish the equivalence between PDE problem (1) and the corresponding integral equation (IE) system (Lemma 2). Then we use the moving planes method in integral forms to establish our main theorem, a Liouville type theorem for the integral system (Theorem 3). Then we conclude the Liouville type theorem for the above differential system involving the fractional Laplacian (Corollary 4).

     

Essential countability of treeable equivalence relations

We establish a dichotomy theorem characterizing the circumstances under which a treeable Borel equivalence relation E is essentially countable. Under additional topological assumptions on the treeing, we in fact show that E   is essentially countable if and only if there is no continuous embedding of _E1${\mathbb{E}}_1$ into E. Our techniques also yield the first classical proof of the analogous result for hypersmooth equivalence relations, and allow us to show that up to continuous Kakutani embeddability, there is a minimum Borel function which is not essentially countable-to-one.     

Hamiltonization of the generalized Veselova LR system

We revise the solution to the problem of Hamiltonization of the n-dimensional Veselova nonholonomic system studied previously in [1]. Namely, we give a short and direct proof of the hamiltonization theorem and also show the trajectorial equivalence of the problem with the geodesic flow on the ellipsoid.     

Clarkson's algorithm for violator spaces

Clarkson's algorithm is a three-staged randomized algorithm for solving linear programs. This algorithm has been simplified and adapted to fit the framework of LP-type problems. In this framework we can tackle a number of non-linear problems such as computing the smallest enclosing ball of a set of points in Rd. In 2006, it has been shown that the algorithm in its original form works for violator spaces too, which are a proper generalization of LP-type problems. It was not clear, however, whether previous simplifications of the algorithm carry over to the new setting.In this paper we show the following theoretical results: (a) It is shown, for the first time, that Clarkson's second stage can be simplified. (b) The previous simplifications of Clarkson's first stage carry over to the violator space setting. (c) The equivalence of violator spaces and partitions of the hypercube by hypercubes.     

On Favard's theorems

In this paper, we improve and extend the classical Favard's theorems, i.e. Favard's theorem of the module containment, Favard's theorem of linear differential equations. We study Favard's theory of linear differential equations with piecewise constant argument. An example shows that the new module containment is necessary in the study of differential equations with piecewise constant argument. The equivalence between almost automorphic functions and N-almost periodic ones is studied.     

A Morita theorem for dual operator algebras

We prove that two dual operator algebras are weak^∗ Morita equivalent in the sense of [D.P. Blecher, U. Kashyap, Morita equivalence of dual operator algebras, J. Pure Appl. Algebra 212 (2008) 2401-2412] if and only if they have equivalent categories of dual operator modules via completely contractive functors which are also weak^∗-continuous on appropriate morphism spaces. Moreover, in a fashion similar to the operator algebra case, we characterize such functors as the module normal Haagerup tensor product with an appropriate weak^∗ Morita equivalence bimodule. We also develop the theory of the W^∗-dilation, which connects the non-selfadjoint dual operator algebra with the W^∗-algebraic framework. In the case of weak^∗ Morita equivalence, this W^∗-dilation is a W^∗-module over a von Neumann algebra generated by the non-selfadjoint dual operator algebra. The theory of the W^∗-dilation is a key part of the proof of our main theorem.     

Geometric properties of solutions of Hamilton-Jacobi equations

The method of moving parallel planes, previously used for elliptic and parabolic PDE, is adapted to study solutions of the Cauchy problem for Hamilton-Jacobi equations. This is possible in the framework of the theory of viscosity solutions, using the comparison theorem for such solutions as a kind of maximum principle. One of the main results states that if the initial data are nonnegative and compact supported, the Hamiltonian radial and the level sets expanding, then the level sets become asymptotically spherical as t → ∞, the convergence taking place in the Lipschitz norm.     

Pointwise simultaneous approximation for Baskakov quasi-interpolants

Recently P. Mache and M. W. Müller introduced the Baskakov quasi-interpolants and obtained an approximation equivalence theorem. In this paper we consider simultaneous approximation equivalence theorem for Baskakov quasi-interpolants.     

Turbulence and Araki-Woods factors

Using Baire category techniques we prove that Araki-Woods factors are not classifiable by countable structures. As a result, we obtain a far reaching strengthening as well as a new proof of the well-known theorem of Woods that the isomorphism problem for ITPFI factors is not smooth. We derive as a consequence that the odometer actions of Z that preserve the measure class of a finite non-atomic product measure are not classifiable up to orbit equivalence by countable structures.     

Product formulas,nonlinear semigroups,and accretive operators

A special case of our main theorem, when combined with a known result of Brezis and Pazy, shows that in reflexive Banach spaces with a uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm, resolvent consistency is equivalent to convergence for nonlinear contractive algorithms. (The linear case is due to Chernoff.) The proof uses ideas of Crandall, Liggett, and Baillon. Other applications of our theorem include results concerning the generation of nonlinear semigroups (e.g., a nonlinear Hille-Yosida theorem for “nice” Banach spaces that includes the familiar Hilbert space result), the geometry of Banach spaces, extensions of accretive operators, invariance criteria, and the asymptotic behavior of nonlinear semigroups and resolvents. The equivalence between resolvent consistency and convergence for nonlinear contractive algorithms seems to be new even in Hilbert space. Our nonlinear Hille-Yosida theorem is the first of its kind outside Hilbert space. It establishes a biunique correspondence between m-accretive operators and semigroups on nonexpansive retracts of “nice” Banach spaces and provides affirmative answers to two questions of Kato.