悬浮态乳液聚合

对一种新的聚合方法－－悬浮态乳液聚合的研究进展进行了综述。通过对比悬浮聚合，乳液聚合和悬浮态乳液聚合方法的异同，突出了悬浮态乳液聚合的优点。讨论了悬浮态微液聚合的机理，以及分散剂，表面活性剂，水油比等对聚合物颗粒形态的影响。     

阳离子可聚合表面活性剂的研究进展

可聚合表面活性剂含有可聚合基团,以牢固的共价键键合到聚合物粒子上,成为聚合物的一部分,有效避免了表面活性剂的解吸及其在乳胶膜中的迁移,减少了乳胶膜表面的亲水基团,可以克服传统表面活性剂的许多弊端。阳离子可聚合表面活性剂主要为季铵盐,其容易吸附于一般固体表面,其水溶液一般有优异的杀菌性。本文综述阳离子可聚合表面活性剂,根据不同方式对其进行分类,分别介绍聚合基团不同的阳离子可聚合表面活性剂的合成和应用现状,并对其应用前景作了展望。     

乳液原子转移自由基聚合*

原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)应用于乳液聚合体系的主要挑战在于如何同时保证乳液的稳定性和聚合反应的可控性。本文主要对乳液ATRP体系中影响聚合反应可控性和乳液稳定性的各种因素、乳液ATRP的机理和乳液ATRP的应用等方面进行了综述。表面活性剂亲水亲油性及其亲水亲油基团的化学性质、催化剂/配体在油/水两相之间的分配行为、引发剂的溶解性、反应温度以及各组分的浓度是影响反应可控性和乳液稳定性的主要因素。各组分在油/水两相中的分配行为使得乳液ATRP的机理比传统乳液聚合更加复杂。乳液原子转移自由基聚合结合了活性自由基聚合和乳液聚合的优点,在理论研究和工业生产上具有很大的应用前景。     

高分子表面活性剂的合成

介绍了高分子表面活性剂的合成方法及其不同于低分子表面活性剂的特点,重点从离子聚合、活性自由基聚合、缩合聚合、开环聚合、高分子化学反应、自由基胶束聚合等角度综述了近几-来高分子表面活性剂的合成研究进展.     

聚氨酯高分子表面活性剂的研究进展

在乳液聚合中,传统的小分子表面活性剂发挥着非常关键的作用,但是它们容易在漆膜中发生迁移,最终降低涂膜的耐水性;而高分子表面活性剂的使用,可以较好的避免表面活性剂的解析及其在膜中的迁移.其中,聚氨酯类的高分子表面活性剂由于具有良好的表面活性、优异的耐寒性、弹性、高光泽以及其软硬度可随温度变化,耐有机溶剂性好等优点, 已经成为研究的热点.本文综述了近几年来,聚氨酯表面活性剂的种类、合成以及应用的进展,并对其进行了讨论.     

用吸收光谱法研究亚甲蓝在表面活性剂存在时的聚合状态

应用紫外－可见吸收光谱研究了光敏试剂亚甲蓝在溶液中的聚合状态及其与表面活性剂之间的关系。当添加阴离子表面活性剂的浓度于其临界胶束浓度时，亚甲蓝二聚体的比例将出现一极大值；用环己烷剂萃取后，测得亚甲蓝二聚体的吸收光谱，其最大吸收波长位于６０４ｎｍ。     

阴离子表面活性剂在有机合成中的催化作用

从亲电取代、亲核取代、亲核加成、酯水解、氧化、还原、聚合等八个方面概述了阴离子表面活性剂在有机合成中的催化作用及其催化机理     

O／W微乳液中聚邻甲苯胺超微粒子的制备

聚邻甲苯胺具有较高的电导率、较好的贮存电荷的能力和良好的环境稳定性，因而具有较大的应用价值［’－‘j，其合成方法主要有电化学合成法和化学合成法［‘·’J．化学会成法所得聚邻甲苯肢的粒子一般大于100urn．近年来，以表面活性剂聚集体微乳液、溶致液晶为介质，制备超微粒子材料已为人们所关注「’－’］．以微乳液为介质进行聚合反应亦引起重视，但大部分微乳液聚合都是在四组分微乳液（表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、单体和水）中进行‘”·“‘．近年来，某些油溶性单体已成功地在无助表面活性剂的三组分微乳液中聚合［‘’·‘’1…     

粒径可控阳离子型聚苯乙烯纳米粒子的制备及表征

在采用阳离子型双子（gemini）表面活性剂作为乳化剂,不使用任何助乳化剂的条件下,通过改进微乳液聚合工艺制备了窄分布粒径可控的阳离子型聚苯乙烯（PS）纳米乳液。 改进微乳液聚合的主要特点是：大部分苯乙烯以预乳液的形式恒速滴入引发聚合的微乳液中,使用具有高乳化性能的gemini表面活性剂作为乳化剂能明显降低乳胶粒粒径。 实验结果表明,少量阳离子单体三甲基烯丙基氯化铵作为共聚单体能够明显减小Z均粒径、降低粒度分布,乳化剂用量、引发剂用量和反应温度均能影响制备乳胶粒的粒径及其粒度分布。 乳化剂和引发剂用量分别为苯乙烯质量的5%~10%和1.0%~1.5%、反应温度为70~75 ℃时,能够制备粒径小分布窄的阳离子型聚苯乙烯纳米粒子。 Z均粒径与苯乙烯质量之间的线性关系表明,Z均粒径可以通过苯乙烯用量来控制。 不同聚合工艺下制备的聚合物粒度分布曲线表明,改进微乳液聚合工艺（半连续预乳化工艺）在制备窄分布的聚合物纳米粒子方面具有很强的优越性。     

磷酸酯改性丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备及其耐腐蚀性能研究

本实验采用乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯磷酸酯(HEMAP)作为共聚功能单体,与交联功能单体N-(异丁氧基)甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等在可聚合型表面活性剂作用下通过乳液聚合法合成了磷酸酯改性丙烯酸酯乳液体系.通过粒径分析仪、红外光谱仪、热失重分析仪、电化学工作站、耐盐雾试验机等重点探讨不同含量HEMAP对乳液及涂层的粒...     

A Comparative Study of Properties of Acrylic Based Water-Borne Polymers Using Various Surfactants for Adhesive Applications

Emulsion polymerization of styrene/vinyl acetate/methyl methacrylate with butyl acrylate, acrylic acid and acrylamide is investigated using conventional and polymerizable surfactants. The effect of different surfactants on the water resistance, adhesion and surface properties of the polymer films was studied. The performance of films obtained from latexes using conventional surfactants is compared with that of latexes using polymerizable surfactants. The study showed that polymerizable surfactants are bound to the polymer backbone in such a way that their migration to film surfaces during drying is inhibited which helps in achieving better water resistivity with good adhesive performance.     

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Cationic Maleic Diester Polymerizable Surfactants

The surfactants used in the emulsion polymerization can be thereafter the source of many problems for the application, such as adhesives and coatings. To overcome these negative aspects essentially related to their mobility in the final polymer, surfactants can be covalently linked to the particle surface through incorporation into the polymer chains. Recent years, polymerizable surfactants (surface active monomer or surfmer) are widely reported and used in the emulsion polymerization, many po…     

Synthesis and characterization of covalently colored polymer latex based on new polymerizable anthraquinone dyes

Novel polymerizable red and yellow dyes, consisting of anthraquinone chromophore, alkyl spacer, and acryloyl group, were first synthesized and then used as comonomers in the semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid to fabricate polymer latexes. The influences of the dye monomers on the emulsion polymerization process, the latex particle size and its distribution, the molecular weight of the latex polymer, as well as the light fastness of the polymer latex films, were investigated. Results indicated that, despite of the inhibition effect of the polymerizable dyes on polymerization, stable colored polymer latexes could be prepared with high conversion of total monomers, whereas the conversion of the polymerizable dye decreased as increasing the amount of dye. The light fastness of the covalently colored polymer latex films was proved to be much better than that of the noncovalently colored polymer latex films due to the covalent bond of dye and polymer chains.     

Modeling emulsion polymerization stabilized by polymerizable surfactants

A mathematical model for seeded emulsion polymerization stabilized with polymerizable surfactants (surfmers) was developed. The model accounts for the main features of the process and provides information about surfmer conversion as well as surfmer burying inside the polymer particles. The model was validated by comparing its predictions with the experimental results for the effect of particle size, surface properties of the surfmer, and type of initiator on surfmer conversion. The effect of surfmer reactivity on surfmer incorporation to the polymer backbone is also discussed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 585–595, 2001     

The effect of polymerizable surfactants on morphology and electro-optical of PDLCs films based on epoxy acrylate system

Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) have been extensively studied for various excellent electro-optical applications. The anchoring interaction of liquid crystals (LCs) molecules on the surface of the polymer cavity surrounding an LCs droplet has a crucial effect on the electro-optical performance of the PDLCs. The effect of polymerizable surfactants on the electro-optical properties of PDLCs films was studied in detail. The active double bonds were polymerized with prepolymer to stabilize the performance of polymer matrix. The experimental results showed that polymerizable surfactants could effectively reduce the driving voltage. The speed of polymerization was monitored by real-time transmittance. The electro-optical properties of PDLC films were measured by Polarimeter (PerkinElmer Model 341). The driving electric field was reduced from 3.9 V/μm to about 2.8 V/μm for doping undec-10-enoic acid at curing temperature 80?°C. The surfactants containing polymerizable functional groups, polarity, and alkyl chain weakened the surface anchoring between LCs droplets and polymer interface. The morphologies of PDLCs films were also investigated by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) images. The LC droplets were encapsulated by polymerizable surfactant according to FTIR images.     

Preparation of Covalently‐colored Polymer Latex via Batch Emulsion Polymerization

Covalently‐colored polymer latex was synthesized via batch emulsion copolymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid in the presence of red polymerizable dye monomer consisting of anthraquinone chromophore, alkyl spacer and acryloyl group, and the influences of the initiator, surfactant and polymerizable dye on the polymerization and the latex properties were investigated. Results showed that the initiator amount was a determinative factor for the monomer conversion, and a high conversion of the polymerizable dye could be achieved when the ammonium persulfate amount was equal to or more than 1 wt% to the total monomers. Most of the chromophores were covalently bonded to the polymer chains if the polymerizable dye was used in the range of 0–1.5 wt%. The light fastness of the resulting latex film was much better than that of the noncovalently‐colored polymer film.     

Preparation of Nano-porous Materials( Ⅰ）by Polymerization of Amphiphile Self-assemblies

The polymerizatioin of amplhiphilic self-assemblies is a promising method to synthesize nano-structured materials with novel properties.These materials have many attractive features for their application in biomedical area and materials science.Such as catalysis.separtion,surface modification,and therapeutics areas.A general review on the polymerization of lipids and surfactant self-assemblies to amplhiphilic self-assemblies is given in this paper with 49 references,The polymerization and the subsequently resulted structure of lipids in different morphologies are summarized.The polymerization of polymerizable surfactants (surfmers)in emulsion and liquid crystalline phases are also discussed.The potential application of new nano-porous materials is briefly described.     

Emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate using a polymerizable surfactant. I. Kinetic studies

A polymerizable surfactant, sodium dodecyl allyl sulfosuccinate (TREM LF-40; Henkel) and its nonpolymerizable counterpart were used in comparative studies of the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. The conversion-time behavior differed for the two surfactants; the TREM LF-40 showed a decrease in the polymerization rate with increasing concentration while its hydrogenated derivative showed the opposite behavior, the rate increasing with increasing surfactant. Particle size analysis revealed a decreasing particle size with increasing surfactant concentration for both series of reactions. An explanation for the seemingly ambiguous results obtained for the polymerizable surfactant was sought by examining the reactivity of its vinyl group in copolymerization with vinyl acetate and its allylic group in a chain transfer reaction. The results suggest that both the copolymerization and chain transfer reactions can lead to the observed reduction in polymerization rate with increasing TREM LF-40 concentration. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Polymer dispersions from catalytic polymerization in aqueous systems

By contrast to traditional free radical emulsion polymerization, catalytic polymerization allows for polymer microstructure control. In terms of polymerizable monomers, both techniques are largely complementary. Since the beginning of this decade, an increasing number of reports on polyolefin, polybutadiene, polyalkenamer, polynorbornene, polyketone, and polyacetylene dispersions prepared by catalytic polymerization in disperse aqueous systems has appeared. This contribution reviews the preparation of these dispersions, their colloidal properties, particle formation mechanisms, particle morphologies, and polymer microstructures.     

Emulsion copolymerization of styrene with a nonionic styrenic polymerizable surfactant

Among the variety of possible structures for polymerizable surfactants, it seems clear that the most interesting should be those with the reactive group located in the hydrophobic part of the molecule. We report here a study based on such a surfactant. Its general formula is A set of surfactants has been produced with m varying from 23 to 48 and n = 6 or 12. The compounds have been characterised by ¹H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), size exclusion chromatography, surface tension measurements and turbidimetry. These surfactants have been copolymerized with styrene in emulsion polymerization. The coagulum is rather important, except if m is large enough. Although the incorporation of the surfactant in the latex is rather high. Most of the anchored surfactant remains at the surface and is not too buried inside. The particle size decreases with both the amount of surfactant and the length of its hydrophilic part. The use of these polymerizable surfactants leads to an excellent stability of the latex against the addition of electrolytes, and also against freeze-thawing constraints.