共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This paper discusses the use of multi-criteria decision analysis for supporting strategic decision making in organisations. It begins by exploring the notions of strategic decisions and the strategic decision-making process. We suggest that structuring strategic objectives, dealing with high levels of uncertainty about the future, as well as considering the interconnectedness of strategic options and their long-term consequences are key aspects of strategic decision making support. We then consider the discursive nature of the processes within which strategic decisions are created and negotiated. Our exploration of these concepts leads us to propose a number of adaptations to the standard multi-criteria decision analysis approach, if it were to provide effective strategic decision support, particularly in strategy workshops. We make suggestions on how to implement these proposals, and illustrate their potential with examples drawn from real-world interventions in which we have provided strategic decision support. 相似文献
2.
Problem structuring without workshops? Experiences with distributed interaction within a PSM process
Problem structuring methods (PSMs) have been widely and successfully used in many organizations, but the reliance on face-to-face meetings and workshops makes a typical PSM project difficult and time-consuming to organize, and means that the process may only involve a narrow cross-section of the organization. Yet much interaction in organizations is neither face-to-face nor even synchronous. This research seeks to (1) explore how the issues that arise in moderating such distributed interaction differ from the issues involved in facilitating a workshop and (2) identify the circumstances under which it makes sense to consider using the distributed mode of interaction within a PSM process. Three pairs of action research case studies using a distributed variant on the strategic options development and analysis (SODA) process are described, together with our answers to the above questions. 相似文献
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Attracting clients who are willing to invest in using a problem structuring method (PSM) can be particularly difficult for the emerging generation of modellers. There are many reasons for this, not least that the benefits of a problem structuring intervention are vague and evidence of benefits are often anecdotal for example, claims of constructing a deeper understanding of the problem or building the commitment of a group to implementing an outcome. This paper contributes to the evaluation of problem structuring methods by reflecting on the quid pro quo that a client and problem structuring modeller can enjoy from collaboration. The paper reflects on 21 cases, where Journey Making (a problem structuring method) was used with 16 organizations to help managers agree a suite of actions to tackle a complex strategic issue. The reflections are clustered around those benefits that pertain to: PSMs in general; PSMs that use computer-supported workshops; the Journey Making methodology. 相似文献
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In this study, we consider a new class of catastrophe equity put options, whose payoff depends on the ratio of the realized variance of the stock over the life of the option and the target variance, which represents the insurance company’s expectation of the future realized variance. This kind of options could help insurance companies raise more equity capital when a large number of catastrophic events occur during the life of the option. We employ a compound doubly stochastic Poisson process with lognormal intensity to describe accumulated catastrophe losses and assume the volatility varies stochastically. Finally, numerical results are presented to investigate the values of this class of options. 相似文献
6.
Matthew Jones Chris Hope Richard Hughes 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1990,41(10):919-929
A multi-attribute value model has been developed to study UK energy-policy options. The model consists of four main stages: attribute selection, in which users identify up to 15 key attributes of an energy policy; attribute rating, in which a quantitative assessment is made of the relative importance of each of the attributes selected; option evaluation, in which users are asked to score five energy-policy options for the UK (drawn from a range of published sources) on each of the attributes; and experimentation, in which users are encouraged to explore and modify a tabular and graphical representation of the results. The model has been used in a series of workshops at which representatives from different organizations have been invited to use the model to explore each other's viewpoints. User reactions to the model are discussed, and the potential of such models for addressing controversial social issues is considered. 相似文献
7.
The paper uses a case study to illustrate a number of points in relation to strategy development and strategic control. A group decision support system — ‘Strategic Options Development and Analysis’ (SODA) — was used. The method focuses on the ‘linkages’ between strategic issues rather than on the issues themselves. The paper focuses upon the strategy review process. Three related elements of strategy' are considered as a part of the review: an evaluation of the extent to which the strategy has been implemented and is embedded in the organization; an evaluation of the assumptions underpinning the strategy; and an evaluation of the influence the strategy has on those at the ‘coal-face’. 相似文献
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This paper provides an account of an ongoing project with an independent school in the UK. The project focuses on a strategy development intervention which, from the start, was systemic in orientation. The intention was to integrate simple systems concepts and approaches into the strategy development process to: address power relations in actively engaging a wide range of stakeholders with the school’s strategy-making process; generate a range of good ideas; and make the strategy-making process transparent in order to inspire stakeholder confidence in, and commitment to, it and its outcomes. This paper describes how seeking to meet these aims entailed a series of workshops during the course of which an awareness of the relevance, in our interpretation, of Complex Adaptive Systems concepts grew. 相似文献
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Wade D. Cook David A. Johnston 《The Journal of the Operational Research Society》1992,43(11):1055-1061
Organizations are frequently required to make long-term strategic choices regarding the design and manufacture of innovative process equipment and systems which address future needs. An important consideration in such choices is the evaluation of the unique capabilities of available suppliers. Typically, such evaluations must be made relative to multiple attributes or criteria. This paper examines one such supplier evaluation process in the context of a major international manufacturer of telecommunication equipment. The ad hoc method used by the organization to evaluate the multiple factors involved is presented, and an alternative, structured approach to deal with the multiple factors is then discussed. 相似文献
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Present-day expectations of wide stakeholder involvement in strategy-making processes have been addressed in distinctive ways by the Operational Research (OR) and Organisational Development (OD) communities. This paper describes an intervention supporting a strategy for change in a university where a high degree of participation was essential to address the substantive issues faced following the disappointing outcome of an employee satisfaction survey. The importance of staff satisfaction for achieving good business outcomes is explained in the paper before an account is given of the work that was undertaken using a combination of Large Group Intervention and Problem Structuring Method approaches. The achievement of the project in shifting the locus of perceived control and opening up a more participative strategic debate is next assessed. The case demonstrated the benefit of using an intervention process whose participatory nature mirrored the desired changes in the client organisation, and in which the dramatisation of senior management group commitment underlined determination to effect change. Other implications are discussed: the value of using a novel assemblage of approaches and techniques rather than inflexibly following a single methodology; the potential payoff from closer work between the disciplines of OR and OD; and the observation that there is a real opportunity for the wider use of participative approaches in strategy making, something that OR practitioners are well-placed to provide. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT. We analyze the formation of self‐enforcing international environmental agreements under the assumption that countries announce their participation either simultaneously or sequentially. It is shown that a sequential formation process opens up possibilities for strategic behavior of countries that may lead to inferior outcomes in terms of global abatement and welfare. We then analyze whether and under which conditions a regulator like an international organization, even without enforcement power, can improve upon globally suboptimal outcomes through coordination and moderation, given that recommendations must be Pareto‐improving to all parties. 相似文献
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Many strategic decisions in business are made in a context which the decision makers perceive as uncertain, complex and opaque. A method, based on Rhyne's field anomaly relaxation technique, is described of generating a network of states which characterise the environment or context in which strategic decisions are to be made. These states represent possible future conditions for the business, and knowledge of them allows improved strategic understanding and decision making to be achieved. This paper describes the method, using a representative real-life application to illustrate the process. 相似文献
13.
Transparent prioritisation,budgeting and resource allocation with multi-criteria decision analysis and decision conferencing 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Managers in both for-profit and not-for-profit organisations continually face the task of allocating resources by balancing
costs, benefits and risks and gaining commitment by a wide constituency of stakeholders to those decisions. This task is complex
and difficult because many options are present, benefits and risks are rarely expressed as single objectives, multiple stakeholders
with different agendas compete for limited resources, individually optimal resource allocations to organisational units are
rarely collectively optimal, and those dissatisfied with the decisions taken may resist implementation. We first explain three
current approaches to resource allocation taken from corporate finance, operational research and decision analysis, and we
identify a common mistake organisations make in allocating resources. The paper then presents a technical process, multi-criteria
portfolio analysis, for balancing the conflicting elements of the problem, and a social process, decision conferencing, which
engages all the key players during the modelling process, ensuring their ownership of the model and the subsequent implementation.
This socio-technical process improves communication within the organisation, develops shared understanding of the portfolio
and generates a sense of common purpose about those projects that will best realise the organisation’s objectives. The paper
concludes with lessons we have learned from actual practice.
The authors want to thank Allergan and FCT (Portuguese Science Foundation) for their support. 相似文献
14.
Ralf Caers Cindy Du Bois Marc Jegers Sara De Gieter Rein De Cooman Roland Pepermans 《European Journal of Operational Research》2009
This paper recognizes that individuals working in the nonprofit sector can have different motives and investigates which type of manager nonprofit organizations should best employ. It first considers a situation in which the manager is allowed to attract only one employee and later extends the analysis to a situation in which up to three employees can be employed. Analyses mark the importance of a strong commitment to the organization’s mission and caution for both a strong self-interest and a strong devotion to the well-being of the clients. Managers with a moderate interest in their own objectives can nevertheless be valuable to the organization. The paper also marks why managers should avoid similar-to-me biases in the selection process and investigates the effects of an increased work pressure on the behavior of the managers and on the attainment of the organizational goals. 相似文献
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Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is well equipped to deal with conflicting, qualitative objectives when evaluating strategic options. Scenario planning provides a framework for confronting uncertainty, which MCDA lacks. Integration of these methods offers various advantages, yet its effective application in evaluating strategic options would benefit from scenarios that reflect a larger number of wide-ranging scenarios developed in a time-efficient manner, as well as incorporation of MCDA measures that inform within and across scenario comparison of options. The main contribution of this paper is to illustrate how a more diverse set of scenarios could be developed quickly, and to investigate how regret could be used to facilitate comparison of options. First, the reasons for these two areas of development are elaborated with respect to existing techniques. The impacts of applying the proposed method in practice are then assessed through a case study involving food security in Trinidad and Tobago. The paper concludes with a discussion of findings and areas for further research. 相似文献
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本文在风险中性定价原则下,得到了股价服从指数O-U(Ornstein-Uhlenbeck)过程的n个重置日期m个执行价格的重置期权定价,又在利率服从扩展Vasicek模型下,得到了n个重置日期m个执行价格的重置期权定价. 相似文献
17.
《European Journal of Operational Research》1988,36(3):297-310
This paper deals with a design problem of an organization whose choice process of the task is formulated as a sequential decision process. This process incorporates the organization design as a combination of an organization structure anaa management system. Two organization structures, the pyramid organization and the matrix organization, are defined as the systems of task assignment. Two management systems, System 1 and System 2 are defined as the communication systems of the observation process on the environment.From a decision theoretic viewpoint, we analyze this organization design problem and obtain the results having the following managerial implications: The pyramid organization and System 1 are efficient under low uncertainty; the matrix organization and System 2 are efficient under high uncertainty; the pyramid organization is efficient if System 1 is efficient. Our empirical research on Japanese firms supports these implications. 相似文献
18.
Fernando S. Oliveira 《Computational Management Science》2010,7(4):355-375
In this paper we look at the problem of strategic decision making. We start by presenting a new formalisation of strategic
options as finite automata. Then, we show that these finite automata can be used to develop complex models of interacting
options, such as option combinations and product options. Finally, we analyse real option games, presenting an algorithm to
generate option games (based on automata). 相似文献
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