Fractional Fourier plane image encryption technique using radial hilbert-, and Jigsaw transform

A new method for image encryption using integral order radial Hilbert transform (RHT) filter in the fractional Fourier transform (FRT) domain has been proposed. The technique is implemented using the popular double random phase encoding method in the fractional Fourier domain. The random phase masks (RPMs), integral orders of the RHT, fractional orders of FRT, and indices of the Jigsaw transform (JT) have been used as keys for encryption and decryption. Simulation results have been presented and the schematic representation for optical implementation has been proposed. The mean-square-error and signal-to-noise ratio between the decrypted image and the input image have been calculated for the correct as well as incorrect orders of the RHT. Effect of occlusion and noise on the performance of the proposed scheme has also been studied. The robustness of the technique has been verified against attack using partial windows of the correct random phase masks. Similar investigations have also been carried out for the chosen-, and the known-plain-text attacks.     

Ab initio study of the distribution of point defects at grain boundaries in crystalline silicon

The segregation of a vacancy and phosphorus on inclined grain boundaries in crystalline silicon has been calculated. It has been found that the distribution of defects at boundaries under study depends both on the nature of a defect and on the local structure of the boundary. The parameters characterizing the local deformation of the tetrahedral environment of an atom at the boundary have been proposed. A linear correlation has been found between the energy of the distribution and proposed parameters.     

Production of nano- and microdiamonds with Si-V and N-V luminescent centers at high pressures in systems based on mixtures of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon compounds

A new method has been proposed for the synthesis of nano- and microdiamonds with various contents of luminescent silicon-vacancy (Si-V) and nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers at high static pressures in growth systems based on mixtures of hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon, and organic silicon compounds without catalyst metals. The high efficiency of the proposed method of the doping of diamonds at nano- and microlevels has been demonstrated by analyzing the spectra of photoluminescence and absorption of the diamonds obtained.     

New Result on the Feedback Capacity of the Action-Dependent Dirty Paper Wiretap Channel

The Gaussian wiretap channel with noncausal state interference available at the transmitter, which is also called the dirty paper wiretap channel (DP-WTC), has been extensively studied in the literature. Recently, it has been shown that taking actions on the corrupted state interference of the DP-WTC (also called the action-dependent DP-WTC) helps to increase the secrecy capacity of the DP-WTC. Subsequently, it has been shown that channel feedback further increases the secrecy capacity of the action-dependent DP-WTC (AD-DP-WTC), and a sub-optimal feedback scheme is proposed for this feedback model. In this paper, a two-step hybrid scheme and a corresponding new lower bound on the secrecy capacity of the AD-DP-WTC with noiseless feedback are proposed. The proposed new lower bound is shown to be optimal (achieving the secrecy capacity) and tighter than the existing one in the literature for some cases, and the results of this paper are further explained via numerical examples.     

Spectral characteristics of europium phthalocyaninates with different axial ligands

Europium (acetylacetonato)phthalocyanine Eu(acac)Pc and europium (oxyquinolinato)phthalocyanine Eu(q)Pc with different axial ligands have been synthesized and their photophysical characteristics (electronic absorption and photoluminescence spectra) have been studied. An energy level diagram of the complexes has been proposed. The influence of the axial ligand on the optical and luminescence characteristics of the complexes has been revealed.     

X-ray tomographic image of a deposit on a spherical surface

A method has been developed to obtain two-dimensional X-ray tomographic images of deposit objects located on bent mirror surfaces. A procedure that makes it possible to obtain two-dimensional X-ray image of an object (fingerprint) located on the surface of a spherical mirror has been proposed and experimentally implemented. Mathematical algorithms for reconstructing images have been developed.     

Modeling and performance analysis of optical WDM node architecture using SRR protocol

In order to enhance the data transport capability and overall throughput of an optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system, a proper node architecture design is necessary. In the present paper a simple node architecture model based on media access control protocols for bursty data traffic of variable time slot duration and data rate has been proposed to decrease the packet loss probability and to increase the efficiency of an optical WDM system using synchronous round robin (SRR) protocol. An appropriate mathematical model has been derived to evaluate performance of the proposed node architecture. It has been observed that the network performance is well controlled through implemented model and the corresponding network design parameters.     

Improvement of filtration speed of charge injection type of electrostatic oil filter

This paper deals with the effects of the configurations of electrodes and filter elements on the filtration speed of a charge injection type of electrostatic oil filter, which has been proposed by Yanada et al. It has been demonstrated that the filtration speed can be increased by injecting charges into oils. However, investigation into the effects of the configurations of the electrode and filter element has been limited. In this paper, several types of filter model with different configurations are proposed and their performance is experimentally investigated. A better filter configuration is proposed.     

Specific features of low-frequency vibrational dynamics and low-temperature heat capacity of double-walled carbon nanotubes

A continuous model has been constructed for low-frequency dynamics of a double-walled carbon nanotube. The formation of the low-frequency part of the phonon spectrum of a double-walled nanotube from phonon spectra of its constituent single-walled nanotubes has been considered in the framework of the proposed approach. The influence of the environment on the phonon spectrum of a single double-walled carbon nanotube has been analyzed. A combined method has been proposed for estimating the coefficients of the van der Waals interaction between the walls of the nanotube from the spectroscopic data and the known values of the elastic moduli of graphite. The low-temperature specific heat has been calculated for doublewalled carbon nanotubes, which in the field of applicability of the model (T < 35 K) is substantially less than the sum of specific heats of two individual single-walled nanotubes forming it.     

Homogeneous nucleation of dislocations

The mechanism and stochastic properties of the homogeneous nucleation of dislocations have been studied. An approach has been proposed for determining the nucleation rate based on consideration of the lifetimes of a metastable state. Primary data have been obtained using the molecular dynamics method. The dependences of the nucleation rate on the shear stresses have been determined for several temperatures. An approximation of the obtained results in terms of the Arrhenius equation has been proposed. The regions of shear stresses and temperatures in which the mechanism of homogeneous dislocation nucleation can be realized have been estimated.     

Numerical model of a proposed double heterostructure light-emitting diode for mid-infrared applications

A numerical model of a proposed InAs/InAs_0.88Sb_0.12 double heterostructure lightemitting diode (DH-LED) has been developed for its d.c. and transient characterization in the 3 to 5 m wavelength region. The dependence of the optical power and bandwidth on interfacial recombination and self-absorption have been studied. The active layer width has been optimized against interfacial recombination and self-absorption for maximum optical power, bandwidth and power-bandwidth products. The dependence of the power-bandwidth product of the DH-LED on the drive current for different active layer doping concentrations has also been studied. The electrical confinement in the proposed heterostructure has been estimated and its variation with the active layer thickness has been studied. The rise time of the proposed LED has been calculated by using the results of the transient analysis. On the basis of the proposed model, the device is expected to find useful applications as an optical source in future generations of fibre-optic communication systems in the 3 to 5 m wavelength region.The author is presently with the Department of Electronics Engineering, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.     

High-gradient magnetic separation of microparticles on membrane separation unit

A simple design of a magnetic separator based on a membrane made of a laser-perforated ferromagnetic foil has been proposed. The separator is primarily intended for analytical and research purposes. The developed magnetic separator of the proposed design has been tested in the separation of a composite aqueous suspension of magnetite nanoparticles adsorbed on hydroxyapatite microparticles. Separation efficiency has been determined via measuring the magnetic moment by the ferromagnetic resonance method; the suspension particle size has been found by dynamic light scattering before and after the separation process. It has been shown that all the particles with a diameter of more than 500 nm are retained during separation; the magnetization of the fraction decreases twofold after passing through the membrane.     

Design of Ultra Compact Polarization Splitter Based on the Complete Photonic Band Gap

A novel design of polarization splitter based on the complete photonic band gap has been proposed in this paper. The proposed Photonic Band Gap (PBG) polarization splitter is formed by two photonic crystal waveguides composed of dielectric rods in air in honeycomb structure for which complete photonic band gap is obtained using the plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The splitting properties (i.e. coupling length, extinction ratio and insertion loss) of PBG polarization splitter have numerically been investigated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. It has been shown that polarization splitter of length as small as 32 μm can be designed at λ=1.55 μm. The proposed polarization splitter offers a large bandwidth of 120 nm.     

Blocking probability analysis of survivable routing in WDM optical networks with/without sparse-wavelength conversion

In this paper, a new algorithm for wavelength assignment has been proposed and its performance is evaluated in terms of blocking probability and fairness. It has been shown that the proposed algorithm offers the least blocking probability. The blocking performance of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network has been analyzed for the network having 10 nodes and for varying loads. As the load per link (in Erlangs) increases, the blocking probability increases. The result shows that the performance of first-fit algorithm is better than random algorithm whereas the proposed algorithm offers the least blocking.     

Dislocation model for the behavior of fractal dimension of the microstructure of a strained solid

A single-parameter model describing the behavior of fractal dimension of the structure of a deformed solid in a wide range of strains in terms of nonequilibrium thermodynamics has been proposed based on the analysis of dislocation kinetics. Comparison with the literature and own experimental data has been presented, which gives evidence in favor of the proposed model.     

Influence of operating conditions and interface properties on dynamic characteristics of liquid-crystal spatial light modulators

The effects of both varying the alignment films and the operating conditions on the dynamic characteristics of liquid-crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) have been investigated. The optimum operating conditions of LC-SLMs have been determined, and a proper choice of alignment films has been made. To interpret the high speed obtained for polyimide systems retaining their high resolution, a simulation of speed enhancement has been proposed.     

Community detection in social networks based on improved Label Propagation Algorithm and balanced link density

Nowadays, community detection has been raised as one of the key research areas in the online social networks mining. One of the most common algorithms in this field is label propagation algorithm (LPA). Even though the LPA method has advantages such as simplicity in understanding and implementation, as well as linear time complexity, it has an important disadvantage of the uncertainty and instability in outcomes, that is, the algorithm detects and reports different combinations of communities in each run. This problem originates from the nature of random selection in the LPA method. In this paper, a novel method is proposed based on the LPA method and the inherent structure, that is, link density feature, of the input network. The proposed method uses a sensitivity parameter (balance parameter); by choosing the appropriate values for it, the desired qualities of the identified communities can be achieved. The proposed method is called Balanced Link Density-based Label Propagation (BLDLP). In comparison with the basic LPA, the proposed method has an advantage of certainty and stability in the output results, whereas its time complexity is still comparable with the basic LPA and of course lowers than many other approaches. The proposed method has been evaluated on real-world known datasets, such as the Facebook social network and American football clubs, and by comparing it with the basic LPA, the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of the quality of the communities found and the time complexity has been shown.     

近红外光谱模型传递研究

针对不同型号的近红外光谱仪器(主机：SupNIR-2700,从机：Nicolet Antaris Ⅱ)间的模型传递和同一仪器(Nicolet Antaris Ⅱ)不同分辨率的光谱间的模型传递进行研究,提出了一种改进的PDS算法-SP-SG1st-PDS算法,该方法结合三次样条插值、Savitaky-Golay一阶求导和PDS算法。思路是通过三次样条插值拟在不破坏原始光谱固有的信息的前提下实现了主光谱与从光谱之间的匹配,然后对光谱进行S-G一阶求导去除光谱的基线漂移,再通过PDS算法进行模型传递,有效消除主、从光谱之间的差异,提高多元校正模型的预测精度。该方法用于醋酸乙烯酯在乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物中含量的研究,并且与小波去噪方法和S-G平滑方法作比较。实验表明：对于不同型号的仪器间的模型传递,新方法采用S-G一阶求导较其他方法有明显的优势,其验证集预测精密度RMSEP从20.595 0降低至0.374 8,明显优于S-G平滑(0.522 1)和小波去噪(0.516 7)方法,预测偏差也同样地被改善。对于同一仪器不同分辨率的光谱之间的模型传递,在模型传递前后其模型预测精密度RMSEP从0.272 2减少至0.255 3。通过提出的SP-SG1st-PDS算法,模型传递能应用于不同类型仪器之间,也能用于相同仪器不同分辨率的光谱之间,并且取得了满意的传递结果。