激光冲击波压缩稠密铝辐射不透明度实验研究

基于稠密物质辐射不透明度的理论计算目前有相当大的难度, 而稠密物质高精度不透明度数据又对聚变研究中的理论设计和模拟以及状态诊断等方面非常有用. 在"神光II"激光装置上建立一发次中能同时测量背光谱、 样品自发谱和吸收谱的大谱窗高分辨椭圆弯晶测谱系统, 并利用一维辐射流体力学程序MULTI仿真冲击波碰撞压缩样品的过程.在测量中, 用点投影背光法、激光烧蚀冲击波碰撞压缩产生稠密铝(Al)样品, 激光镱等离子体3d–4f 跃迁辐射为短脉冲背光提供样品吸收谱时空分辨诊断, 在一发次打靶中得到了背光谱、样品自发谱和X射线吸收精细结构谱, 以及稠密Al辐射吸收谱向长波偏移.实验结果给出了诊断能谱区稠密Al相对透射率分布和吸收谱偏移量. 这些工作都有益于丰富不透明度这一基础研究领域和进一步开拓许多重要应用. 关键词： 冲击波压缩等离子体 X射线吸收谱 线移 精细结构     

激光同步辐射作为阿秒X射线辐射源的特性研究

 研究了逆流相对论电子与激光脉冲相互作用获得激光同步辐射的频率上移、微分散射截面等特性。发现逆流相对论电子与短脉冲激光相互作用，可以获得阿秒X射线辐射脉冲。短脉冲激光条件下得到的后向散射光的频率上移与长脉冲激光条件下得到的后向散射光的频率上移是完全一致的，同时发现随着入射电子初始能量的增加，散射光的准直性越来越好，后向散射光脉冲的脉宽越来越短。     

超短超强激光与液体的相互作用研究

超短超强激光与液体靶相互作用时表现出许多有趣的特点，这明显区别于激光脉冲与固体或气体靶的相互作用情况．文章分别介绍了激光诱发等离子体所产生的高压冲击波、激光空泡、X射线、高能超热电子以及白光，对它们的产生机制及其各自的显著特征进行了综合描述．文章最后对超短超强激光脉冲与各种不同形态的液体靶相互作用的应用前景作了简单介绍。     

Relativistic laser-matter interaction and relativistic laboratory astrophysics

The paper is devoted to the prospects of using the laser radiation interaction with plasmas in the laboratory relativistic astrophysics context. We discuss the dimensionless parameters characterizing the processes in the laser and astrophysical plasmas and emphisize a similarity between the laser and astrophysical plasmas in the ultrarelativistic energy limit. In particular, we address basic mechanisms of the charged particle acceleration, the collisionless shock wave and magnetic reconnection and vortex dynamics properties relevant to the problem of ultrarelativistic particle acceleration.     

Radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator

We investigated the radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of low-wire-number cylindrical tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator with a peak current 0.8-1.1 MA and a rising time ～ 90 ns.The arrays are made up of(8-32)×5 μm wires 6/10 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height.The highest X-ray power obtained in the experiments was about 0.37 TW with the total radiation energy ～ 13 kJ and the energy conversion efficiency ～ 9%(24×5 μm wires,6 mm in diameter).Most of the X-ray emissions from tungsten Z-pinch plasmas were distributed in the spectral band of 100-600 eV,peaked at 250 and 375 eV.The dominant wavelengths of the wire ablation and the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability were found and analyzed through measuring the time-gated self-emission and laser interferometric images.Through analyzing the implosion trajectories obtained by an optical streak camera,the run-in velocities of the Z-pinch plasmas at the end of the implosion phase were determined to be about(1.3-2.1)×10 7 cm/s.     

Electromagnetic Instability in Counterstreaming Collisional Plasmas in a Magnetic Field

The stability of low frequency electromagnetic waves is studied for collisional, counterstreaming plasmas situated in a steady magnetic field. Based on the cold fluid equations, it is found that obliquely propagating waves are unstable when the parallel component of the phase velocity is smaller than the electron streaming velocity. The frequency of the instability is of the order of but always smaller than the ion cyclotron frequency. The growth rate is proportional to the electron-ion collisional frequency.     

脉冲宽度对准单能质子能量的影响

使用1维粒子模拟程序LPIC+模拟了不同脉冲宽度的P极化超短强激光脉冲与稠密冷等离子体靶的相互作用.模拟结果表明:激光有质动力首先推动表层等离子体形成无碰撞激波,然后激波向靶内传播,俘获靶内的质子并将其反射加速,反射质子的速度约为离子声速的2倍.当使脉冲宽度与靶厚互相匹配时,也就是靶厚等于离子声速与激光脉冲宽度的乘积时...     

质谱在激光等离子体物理研究中的应用

在对激光等离子体相互作用的研究中,物质由于在激光场的作用下离子化而成各种离化态的离子,研究这些离子的特性可以深入理解激光与等离子体相互作用过程,质谱仪能提供离子的最高离化态、平均电荷态、能量分布和丰度等重度信息,文章介绍了质谱仪的原理及的原理及其在激光等离子体中的应用。     

Laser-hole boring into overdense plasmas measured with soft X-Ray laser probing

A laser self-focused channel formation into overdense plasmas was observed using a soft x-ray laser probe system with a grid image refractometry (GIR) technique. 1.053 &mgr;m laser light with a 100 ps pulse duration was focused onto a preformed plasma at an intensity of 2x10(17) W/cm (2). Cross sections of the channel were obtained which show a 30 &mgr;m diameter in overdense plasmas. The channel width in the overdense region was kept narrow as a result of self-focusing. Conically diverging density ridges were also observed along the channel, indicating a Mach cone created by a shock wave due to the supersonic propagation of the channel front.     

斜入射激光驱动的冲击波在样品中传播特性的实验研究

在“神光-Ⅱ”高功率激光装置上，利用弯折靶、双台阶靶实验及通过对等离子体喷射状态的实验测量，研究了激光斜入射情况驱动的冲击波传播特性.结果表明，即使在大角度(约45°)斜入射的激光驱动下，靶材料中的冲击波依然是沿着靶面法线方向传播的，并能形成很好的一维正击波. 关键词： 斜入射 冲击波 弯折靶 双台阶靶 激光状态方程     

激光汤姆逊散射技术诊断辐射加热Fe/Al等离子体状态

在神光Ⅱ激光装置上,利用激光加热金腔产生的X射线辐射场加热Fe/Al样品,随后用激光探针光入射Fe/Al等离子体并在90°散射方向采集散射光谱,同时也记录下了样品的自发辐射光谱。实验观察到了清晰的散射光谱以及Fe等离子体自发辐射光谱,诊断结果表明,Fe/Al等离子体的平均电子温度为360eV,Fe的平均电离度为18.8。     

New probing techniques of radiative shocks

Radiative shock waves propagating in xenon at a low pressure have been produced using 60 joules of iodine laser (λ = 1.315 μm) at PALS center. The shocks have been probed by XUV imaging using a Zn X-raylaser (λ = 21 nm) generated with a 20-ns delay after the shock creating pulse. Auxiliary high-speed silicon diodes allowed performing space- and time-resolved measurement of plasma self-emission in the visible and XUV. The results show the generation of a shock wave propagating at 60 km/s preceded by a radiative precursor. This demonstrates the feasibility of radiative shock generation using high power infrared lasers and the use of XRL backlighting as a suitable diagnostic for shock imaging.     

Simulation of Electron Temperature in Argon Clusters Subjected to Intense Laser Fields

Argon clusters subjected to intense femtosecond laser pulses are ionized by the optical fields and inelastic electron-ion collisions. The cluster plasmas absorb the laser energy through collisional inverse bremsstrahlung, leading the argon cluster plasmas to very hot states. The calculated electron temperature in the clusters indicates that the intense laser-cluster interactions are more energetic than interactions with molecules.     

中低Z材料辐射烧蚀实验研究

 在星光Ⅱ激光装置上,利用波长为0.35μm的激光注入柱腔金箔靶产生的金箔后向X光作源,烧蚀中低Z样品材料,通过空间分辨测量靶源区和样品自发辐射X光的时间过程获得了中Z铝材料的辐射烧穿时间结果;在北京同步辐射源上对透射光栅进行了实验标定。     

Simulation of Electron Temperature in Argon Clusters Subjected to Intense Laser Fields

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The Polarization Response Function and Electrostatic Modes of Focused Beams

It is shown that the method of percussion for obtaining the spatial-temporal representation of the polarization response function directly [1] can also be used to study stability problems in nonuniform plasmas, thus providing a physical and mathematical alternative to the traditional approach. As an example, the stability analysis of particle beams is given, focused with cylindrical symmetry through an axis. The integral equation for electrostatic modes is set up with the polarization response, and solved with a technique that provides both the characteristic values and an integral representation for the field. The instability of this model, which is the cylindrical counterpart of the plane symmetric counterstreaming configuration, is then discussed.     

Instability of Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in Plasmas

The stability of electromagnetic ion cyclotron harmonic waves propagating normal to an external magnetic field is studied for plasmas whose ions possess loss cone type velocity distributions. It is found that, if the ions are stationary, no instability develops except in the extreme case when the ratio of parallel to perpendicular "temperatures" of the ions is of the order mi/me, where mi and me are the ion and electron masses respectively. However, for the case of two counterstreaming ion beams in a neutralizing background of electrons, instability at zero frequency and near the first several ion cyclotron harmonics can occur if the streaming velocity is of the order of the electron thermal speed.     

冲击波在空气和熔石英元件界面传播的超快诊断

基于球面波在弹性介质界面上的反射和折射特性的基本理论,采用超快时间分辨的光学诊断技术,研究了532nm纳秒激光辐照熔石英元件表面产生的冲击波在空气和样品界面的传播特性,获得了冲击波在材料内部传输以及在空气与样品界面反射的时间分辨图像。结果表明:激光脉冲与材料作用在前后表面产生了向体内传输的冲击波,且产生的冲击波在玻璃与空气界面处反射为两个波,即反射波和反射剪切波;反射波和反射剪切波的强度与入射冲击波的入射角有关。     

Ion acoustic shock waves in a relativistic electron-positron-ion plasmas

The Korteweg-de Vries-Burger (KdVB) equation is derived for ion acoustic shock waves in a weakly relativistic electron-positron-ion plasma. Electrons, positrons are considered isothermal and ions are relativistic. The travelling wave solution has been acquired by employing the tangent hyperbolic method. The vivid display of the graphical results is presented and analyzed. It is observed that amplitude and steepness of the shock wave decrease with increase of the relativistic streaming factor, the positron concentration and they increase with the increase of the coefficient of kinematic viscosity and vice versa. It is determined that at low temperature the shock wave propagates, whereas at very high temperature the solitary wave propagates in the system. The results may have relevance in astrophysical plasmas as well as in inertial confinement fusion plasmas.